Monkey B virus(Macacine herpesvirus 1; BV) is noted for its extreme neurovirulence in humans. Since the vhs protein encoded by the UL41 gene has been shown to be a neurovirulence factor in the related human herpes sim...Monkey B virus(Macacine herpesvirus 1; BV) is noted for its extreme neurovirulence in humans. Since the vhs protein encoded by the UL41 gene has been shown to be a neurovirulence factor in the related human herpes simplex viruses, the role of the UL41 gene in BV neurovirulence was investigated. BV mutants were constructed that lacked the entire UL41 ORF(Δ41) or had the RNase active site mutated(Δ41A). Neither mutant shut off host protein synthesis, degraded β-actin mRNA, or prevented an IFN-β response, indicating that the vhs protein and its RNase activity are both necessary for these activities. Replication of both mutants in primary mouse cells was impaired and they exhibited a prolonged disease course in mice. Whereas Δ41 infected mice were euthanized for symptoms related to central nervous system(CNS) infection, Δ41A infected mice were euthanized primarily for symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. While neuroinvasiveness was not affected, lesions in the CNS were more limited in size, anatomical distribution, and severity than for wild-type virus. These results indicate that the vhs protein affects the general replicative efficiency of BV in vivo rather than being a specific neurovirulence factor critical for invasion of or preferential replication in the CNS.展开更多
Large DNA viruses normally have complex structures with many of protein components derived from both viral and host origins. The development in proteomics, especially mass spectrometry identification techniques provid...Large DNA viruses normally have complex structures with many of protein components derived from both viral and host origins. The development in proteomics, especially mass spectrometry identification techniques provide powerful tools for analyzing large viruses. In this review, we have summarized the recent achievements on proteomic studies of large DNA viruses, such as herpesvirus, poxvirus, nimavirus and baculoviruse. The proteomics of baculovirus occlusion-derived virions (ODV) were emphasized. Different mass spectrometry techniques used on various baculoviruses were introduced, and the identified structurally associated proteins of baculoviruses are summarized.展开更多
Wheat rosette stunt virus (WRSV) contains an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase activity is associated with the viral nucleocapsid (NP).In vitro transcription of purified NP required all of the four nucl...Wheat rosette stunt virus (WRSV) contains an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase activity is associated with the viral nucleocapsid (NP).In vitro transcription of purified NP required all of the four nucleoside triphosphates and Mg^(2+).There was a need of a proper salt concentration and some reducing reagents in the system for increasing the RNA polymerase activity.The optimum temperature for in vitro transcription was around 25℃.Within the first 90 min of in vitro reaction, incorporation rose linearly with the time course of incubation. The experiments of ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease treatments showed that single-stranded RNAs were synthesized in vitro by the RNA polymerase.Two fractions of WRSV-NP could be separated by SDS-dissociation and ultracentrifugation.The supernatant fraction contained three structural proteins of NP: L, N and NS;and the pellet fraction contained the viral RNA.When the supernatant proteins and the viral RNA were mixed together, RNA polymerase activity could be reconstituted.When the ratio between the amounts of the supernatant proteins and the viral RNA in the mixture was about 100:7.7, the reconstituted RNA polymerase activity reached the maximum.展开更多
Discrete computer simulations are quite helpful in understanding dynamic structures in complex systems.Recently,using the Mole-8.5 supercomputer and molecular dynamics simulations as a"computational microscope&qu...Discrete computer simulations are quite helpful in understanding dynamic structures in complex systems.Recently,using the Mole-8.5 supercomputer and molecular dynamics simulations as a"computational microscope",we simulated the dynamic structure of a whole H1N1 influenza virion in solution for the first time at the atomic level.In total,300 million atoms in a periodic cube with an edge length of 148.5 nm were simulated.Using 288 low level hybrids with 1728 C2050 GPUs and a software package developed specifically for the hardware,the simulation executed 770 ps/d with an integration time step of 1 fs,and analyzed the dynamic structure.With the tremendous computational power of GPUs,efficient software packages for various hardware designs,and consistent physical models,more challenging applications will be carried out in the near future.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect of morphological changes in the development of condyloma acuminatum (CA) Materials and Methods: Lesions in five patients with CA were observed . Results: Upon electron microscopy, the ...Objective: To explore the effect of morphological changes in the development of condyloma acuminatum (CA) Materials and Methods: Lesions in five patients with CA were observed . Results: Upon electron microscopy, the most characteristic feature of the lesions important for diagnosis, was the presence of distinct perinuclear vacuolizations, or so-called koilocytes, among some epithelial cells. These cells possessed hyperchromatic nuclei, swollen mitochondria, dilated endoplasmic reticulum and dissolved glycogen. There were interchromatin granules and perichromatin granules in some nuclei. Moreover some virus particles were also seen in the nuclei of some infected cells. Conclusions: The ultrastructural findings may be used to histopathologically explain the pathogenesis and mechanism of this disease, and it is helpful for diagnosis of CA .展开更多
目的:构建含人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)病毒颗粒蛋白表达调节因子(regulator of virion protein expression,Rev)编码基因的重组真核表达质粒并初步探索Rev基因编码蛋白对人类疱疹病毒8型(HHV-8)溶解性周期复制的影响。方法:构建pRev-F...目的:构建含人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)病毒颗粒蛋白表达调节因子(regulator of virion protein expression,Rev)编码基因的重组真核表达质粒并初步探索Rev基因编码蛋白对人类疱疹病毒8型(HHV-8)溶解性周期复制的影响。方法:构建pRev-Flag重组质粒并进行酶切鉴定和序列测定;将pRev-Flag重组质粒瞬时转染原发性渗出性淋巴瘤细胞系(PEL)BCBL-1细胞和小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞NIH/3T3,采用RT-PCR、Western blot分别从mRNA和蛋白水平检测Rev基因的表达情况;提取瞬时转染pRev-Flag重组质粒的BCBL-1细胞总RNA,进行RT-PCR检测HHV-8次要衣壳蛋白编码基因ORF26 mRNA转录水平。结果:核酸序列分析结果表明,克隆的Rev基因序列与GenBank中已登记的Rev序列100%同源,RT-PCR和Western blot都在Rev预期位置检测到特异性条带。RT-PCR检测显示,Rev基因编码蛋白能够降低HHV-8 ORF26 mRNA转录水平。结论:成功构建含Rev基因序列的重组质粒并在真核细胞中获得正确表达;初步探索表明Rev蛋白能够抑制HHV-8溶解性周期复制。展开更多
基金supported in part by PHS grants 2P40 OD010988 and 1P40 OD010431
文摘Monkey B virus(Macacine herpesvirus 1; BV) is noted for its extreme neurovirulence in humans. Since the vhs protein encoded by the UL41 gene has been shown to be a neurovirulence factor in the related human herpes simplex viruses, the role of the UL41 gene in BV neurovirulence was investigated. BV mutants were constructed that lacked the entire UL41 ORF(Δ41) or had the RNase active site mutated(Δ41A). Neither mutant shut off host protein synthesis, degraded β-actin mRNA, or prevented an IFN-β response, indicating that the vhs protein and its RNase activity are both necessary for these activities. Replication of both mutants in primary mouse cells was impaired and they exhibited a prolonged disease course in mice. Whereas Δ41 infected mice were euthanized for symptoms related to central nervous system(CNS) infection, Δ41A infected mice were euthanized primarily for symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. While neuroinvasiveness was not affected, lesions in the CNS were more limited in size, anatomical distribution, and severity than for wild-type virus. These results indicate that the vhs protein affects the general replicative efficiency of BV in vivo rather than being a specific neurovirulence factor critical for invasion of or preferential replication in the CNS.
基金The grants of National Science Foundation of China (30630002, 30670078)973 Program(2009CB118903)Programme Strategic Scientific Alliances between China and the Netherlands (2008AA000238)
文摘Large DNA viruses normally have complex structures with many of protein components derived from both viral and host origins. The development in proteomics, especially mass spectrometry identification techniques provide powerful tools for analyzing large viruses. In this review, we have summarized the recent achievements on proteomic studies of large DNA viruses, such as herpesvirus, poxvirus, nimavirus and baculoviruse. The proteomics of baculovirus occlusion-derived virions (ODV) were emphasized. Different mass spectrometry techniques used on various baculoviruses were introduced, and the identified structurally associated proteins of baculoviruses are summarized.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Wheat rosette stunt virus (WRSV) contains an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase activity is associated with the viral nucleocapsid (NP).In vitro transcription of purified NP required all of the four nucleoside triphosphates and Mg^(2+).There was a need of a proper salt concentration and some reducing reagents in the system for increasing the RNA polymerase activity.The optimum temperature for in vitro transcription was around 25℃.Within the first 90 min of in vitro reaction, incorporation rose linearly with the time course of incubation. The experiments of ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease treatments showed that single-stranded RNAs were synthesized in vitro by the RNA polymerase.Two fractions of WRSV-NP could be separated by SDS-dissociation and ultracentrifugation.The supernatant fraction contained three structural proteins of NP: L, N and NS;and the pellet fraction contained the viral RNA.When the supernatant proteins and the viral RNA were mixed together, RNA polymerase activity could be reconstituted.When the ratio between the amounts of the supernatant proteins and the viral RNA in the mixture was about 100:7.7, the reconstituted RNA polymerase activity reached the maximum.
基金supported by Ministry of Finance(ZDYZ2008-2)the National Key Science and Technology Project(2008ZX05014-003-006HZ)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGCX2-YW-124)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20821092)
文摘Discrete computer simulations are quite helpful in understanding dynamic structures in complex systems.Recently,using the Mole-8.5 supercomputer and molecular dynamics simulations as a"computational microscope",we simulated the dynamic structure of a whole H1N1 influenza virion in solution for the first time at the atomic level.In total,300 million atoms in a periodic cube with an edge length of 148.5 nm were simulated.Using 288 low level hybrids with 1728 C2050 GPUs and a software package developed specifically for the hardware,the simulation executed 770 ps/d with an integration time step of 1 fs,and analyzed the dynamic structure.With the tremendous computational power of GPUs,efficient software packages for various hardware designs,and consistent physical models,more challenging applications will be carried out in the near future.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang,China.
文摘Objective: To explore the effect of morphological changes in the development of condyloma acuminatum (CA) Materials and Methods: Lesions in five patients with CA were observed . Results: Upon electron microscopy, the most characteristic feature of the lesions important for diagnosis, was the presence of distinct perinuclear vacuolizations, or so-called koilocytes, among some epithelial cells. These cells possessed hyperchromatic nuclei, swollen mitochondria, dilated endoplasmic reticulum and dissolved glycogen. There were interchromatin granules and perichromatin granules in some nuclei. Moreover some virus particles were also seen in the nuclei of some infected cells. Conclusions: The ultrastructural findings may be used to histopathologically explain the pathogenesis and mechanism of this disease, and it is helpful for diagnosis of CA .
文摘目的:构建含人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)病毒颗粒蛋白表达调节因子(regulator of virion protein expression,Rev)编码基因的重组真核表达质粒并初步探索Rev基因编码蛋白对人类疱疹病毒8型(HHV-8)溶解性周期复制的影响。方法:构建pRev-Flag重组质粒并进行酶切鉴定和序列测定;将pRev-Flag重组质粒瞬时转染原发性渗出性淋巴瘤细胞系(PEL)BCBL-1细胞和小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞NIH/3T3,采用RT-PCR、Western blot分别从mRNA和蛋白水平检测Rev基因的表达情况;提取瞬时转染pRev-Flag重组质粒的BCBL-1细胞总RNA,进行RT-PCR检测HHV-8次要衣壳蛋白编码基因ORF26 mRNA转录水平。结果:核酸序列分析结果表明,克隆的Rev基因序列与GenBank中已登记的Rev序列100%同源,RT-PCR和Western blot都在Rev预期位置检测到特异性条带。RT-PCR检测显示,Rev基因编码蛋白能够降低HHV-8 ORF26 mRNA转录水平。结论:成功构建含Rev基因序列的重组质粒并在真核细胞中获得正确表达;初步探索表明Rev蛋白能够抑制HHV-8溶解性周期复制。
