Operation Control Method of Relay Protection in Flexible DC Distribution Network Compatible with Distributed Power Supply

A novel operation control method for relay protection in flexible DC distribution networks with distributed power supply is proposed to address the issue of inaccurate fault location during relay protection,leading to poor performance.The method combines a fault-tolerant fault location method based on long-term and short-term memory networks to accurately locate the fault section.Then,an operation control method for relay protection based on adaptive weight and whale optimization algorithm(WOA)is used to construct an objective function considering the shortest relay protection action time and the smallest impulse current.The adaptive weight and WOA are employed to obtain the optimal strategy for relay protection operation control,reducing the action time and impulse current.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in accurately locating faults and improving relay protection performance.The longest operation time is reduced by 4.7023 s,and the maximum impulse current is limited to 0.3 A,effectively controlling the impact of large impulse currents and enhancing control efficiency.

Distributed Periodic Event-Triggered Optimal Control of DC Microgrids Based on Virtual Incremental Cost

This article presents a distributed periodic eventtriggered(PET)optimal control scheme to achieve generation cost minimization and average bus voltage regulation in DC microgrids.In order to accommodate the generation constraints of the distributed generators(DGs),a virtual incremental cost is firstly designed,based on which an optimality condition is derived to facilitate the control design.To meet the discrete-time(DT)nature of modern control systems,the optimal controller is directly developed in the DT domain.Afterward,to reduce the communication requirement among the controllers,a distributed event-triggered mechanism is introduced for the DT optimal controller.The event-triggered condition is detected periodically and therefore naturally avoids the Zeno phenomenon.The closed-loop system stability is proved by the Lyapunov synthesis for switched systems.The generation cost minimization and average bus voltage regulation are obtained at the equilibrium point.Finally,switch-level microgrid simulations validate the performance of the proposed optimal controller.

DCS控制器中电表接触传感器计量误差检测方法

由于DCS控制器中电表传感器在计量检测过程中,传统的B-MAC-DCS协议能耗和丢包率较高,无法缓解汇聚节点的漏斗效应,导致在远程抄表过程中传感器计量误差增大。提出一种机械电表接触传感器计量误差检测方法。采用小波基函数对DCS控制器中的接触传感器计量数据抗干扰处理,并通过动态选取阈值的方法,对经过小波变换后的数据去除噪声。使用低功耗自适应集簇分层型(low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy,LEACH)协议分簇代替传统的B-MAC协议;根据簇内监测值,引入阈值分析方法获取传感器计量指标,并将其作为判定依据进行误差检测,根据计量指标的变化情况判断是否存在计量误差。实验结果表明,所提方法可以准确且有效检测出机械电表接触传感器计量误差,解决DCS中机械电表的运行隐患问题。

Optimal Cooperative Secondary Control for Islanded DC Microgrids via a Fully Actuated Approach

DC-DC converter-based multi-bus DC microgrids(MGs) in series have received much attention, where the conflict between voltage recovery and current balancing has been a hot topic. The lack of models that accurately portray the electrical characteristics of actual MGs while is controller design-friendly has kept the issue active. To this end, this paper establishes a large-signal model containing the comprehensive dynamical behavior of the DC MGs based on the theory of high-order fully actuated systems, and proposes distributed optimal control based on this. The proposed secondary control method can achieve the two goals of voltage recovery and current sharing for multi-bus DC MGs. Additionally, the simple structure of the proposed approach is similar to one based on droop control, which allows this control technique to be easily implemented in a variety of modern microgrids with different configurations. In contrast to existing studies, the process of controller design in this paper is closely tied to the actual dynamics of the MGs. It is a prominent feature that enables engineers to customize the performance metrics of the system. In addition, the analysis of the stability of the closed-loop DC microgrid system, as well as the optimality and consensus of current sharing are given. Finally, a scaled-down solar and battery-based microgrid prototype with maximum power point tracking controller is developed in the laboratory to experimentally test the efficacy of the proposed control method.

An Adaptive Control Strategy for Energy Storage Interface Converter Based on Analogous Virtual Synchronous Generator

In the DC microgrid,the lack of inertia and damping in power electronic converters results in poor stability of DC bus voltage and low inertia of the DC microgrid during fluctuations in load and photovoltaic power.To address this issue,the application of a virtual synchronous generator(VSG)in grid-connected inverters control is referenced and proposes a control strategy called the analogous virtual synchronous generator(AVSG)control strategy for the interface DC/DC converter of the battery in the microgrid.Besides,a flexible parameter adaptive control method is introduced to further enhance the inertial behavior of the AVSG control.Firstly,a theoretical analysis is conducted on the various components of the DC microgrid,the structure of analogous virtual synchronous generator,and the control structure’s main parameters related to the DC microgrid’s inertial behavior.Secondly,the voltage change rate tracking coefficient is introduced to adjust the change of the virtual capacitance and damping coefficient flexibility,which further strengthens the inertia trend of the DC microgrid.Additionally,a small-signal modeling approach is used to analyze the approximate range of the AVSG’s main parameters ensuring system stability.Finally,conduct a simulation analysis by building the model of the DC microgrid system with photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage(BES)in MATLAB/Simulink.Simulation results from different scenarios have verified that the AVSG control introduces fixed inertia and damping into the droop control of the battery,resulting in a certain level of inertia enhancement.Furthermore,the additional adaptive control strategy built upon the AVSG control provides better and flexible inertial support for the DC microgrid,further enhances the stability of the DC bus voltage,and has a more positive impact on the battery performance.

DCS在电除尘系统自动控制的应用研究

传统的电除尘器自动控制系统采用可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)控制,其逻辑复杂、可读性差、可维护性低。PLC系统无法与主控系统完成一体化,导致工艺上的割裂,额外地增加了运维成本。本文提出了一种基于分散控制系统(DCS)的电除尘器自动控制方案。

Stability Analysis and Control of DC Distribution System with Electric Vehicles

The DC distribution network system equipped with a large number of power electronic equipment exhibits weak damping characteristics and is prone to low-frequency and high-frequency unstable oscillations.The current interpretation of the oscillation mechanism has not been unified.Firstly,this paper established the complete statespace model of the distribution system consisting of a large number of electric vehicles,characteristic equation of the distribution network system is derived by establishing a state-space model,and simplified reduced-order equations describing the low-frequency oscillation and the high-frequency oscillation are obtained.Secondly,based on eigenvalue analysis,the oscillation modes and the influence of the key system parameters on the oscillation mode are studied.Besides,impacts of key factors,such as distribution network connection topology and number of dynamic loads,have been discussed to suppress oscillatory instability caused by inappropriate design or dynamic interactions.Finally,using the DC distribution example system,through model calculation and time-domain simulation analysis,the correctness of the aforementioned analysis is verified.

DCS系统在燃气输配控制中的应用研究进展

为探讨DCS系统在燃气输配控制中的应用,并分析其通过实时监测和控制关键参数来提高系统效率和安全性的能力。采用DCS系统对天然气输配网络进行实时监测和控制。通过对天然气管道的压力、温度、流量等关键参数进行实时采集和调节,确保系统运行在稳定、高效的状态。同时,利用DCS系统的强大数据采集、处理和分析能力,对输配过程中的故障和异常情况进行快速诊断和处理,以提高故障排除的效率。此外,DCS系统还支持网络化和远程控制功能,实现对不同地理位置的天然气输配网络的集中监管和管理。结果表明:通过应用DCS系统,燃气输配控制实现了高效、准确和可靠的管理。实时监测和调节关键参数确保了系统运行的安全性和稳定性。快速诊断和处理故障和异常情况提高了故障排除的效率。网络化和远程控制功能实现了对不同地理位置的天然气输配网络的统一监管和管理,提高了管理效率。DCS系统在燃气输配控制中的应用具有重要意义和潜力。通过实时监测和控制关键参数,可以提高系统的效率和安全性。然而,该系统的应用也面临一些挑战,如高成本、技术难题以及应急处理等方面的问题。因此,需要进一步的技术研发和应用实践来不断提升DCS系统的性能和可靠性,以更好地满足燃气输配控制的需求。

DCS安全通信网络搭建探析

随着信息技术的飞速发展,分布式控制系统(Distributed Control System,DCS)已成为多种工业过程中不可或缺的组成部分。但随之而来的是日益严峻的网络安全挑战。本研究先分析DCS安全通信网络系统的架构设计,接着介绍一种新的基于现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)技术的安全通信网络实现方案,旨在为DCS安全通信网络的搭建提供理论依据和技术指导,对促进工业环境中的网络安全具有重要意义。

Consensus-Based Distributed Control with Communication Time Delays for Virtual Synchronous Generators in Isolate Microgrid

A consensus-based distributed control method of coordinated VSGs with communication time delays in isolate microgrid is proposed. When time delays are considered in communication, there are some effects on frequency restoration and active power output allocation. In the control structure, only local information exchange is needed, while the final frequency can be controlled to the nominal value and the VSGs can automatically share loads according to their rated values. An AC microgrid with three VSGs and some loads is implemented. The proposed control strategy is verified by MATLAB/ Simulink simulation results.

基于DCS的酒店客房空调智慧控制系统设计

为响应节能降耗、精准控制的政策,对酒店空调的集中管控与房间独立控制融为一体的系统进行了设计与研究。通过对北方气候的调查,依据其气候特点,设计了基于分布式控制系统(DCS)的酒店客房空调智慧控制系统。该系统布置在酒店总控室与客房,形成三层结构:上位级组态控制画面;中间级编写控制程序;现场级(客房)通过可视面板实现客人个性化随时随意调温。基于上位级总控室对酒店空调的集中管理,可以实现对客房空调状况实时监视和远程管控,从而根据室外气温变化以及客人偏好提前对空调系统进行调控。该系统实现了对酒店空调的智慧分散控制,提升了空调利用的有效性和合理性。该系统的使用减少了工作人员数量、降低了劳动强度和中央空调的常规运行能耗,为酒店营造了舒适的入住环境。

固态变压器中隔离双向DC/DC变换器扩展移相下虚拟电流控制策略

该文以固态变压器后级隔离双向DC/DC变换器为重点研究对象,提出一种扩展移相下虚拟电流控制策略。通过分析后级变换器在扩展移相传输功率下相移量关系以获得最小电流应力最优解来提高变换器的传输效率,减少器件损耗。同时通过虚拟电流控制思想在线估算传输功率来提高系统动态响应性能,减少电流传感器使用。最后,对该文所提出的扩展移相下虚拟电流控制与扩展移相控制进行实验对比分析,验证了扩展移相下虚拟电流控制策略具有降低电流应力,显著提高变换器的动态响应的优点。

基于全域仿真验证的安全级DCS一体化协同设计

传统的安全级分布式控制系统(DCS)设计以单个控制站或机柜为单位开展设计工作,由于彼此之间信息交互较少,导致设计阶段的问题较多地在装配和测试环节被发现。为进一步提升安全级DCS设计效率及质量,提出了一种基于虚拟DCS的全域仿真验证技术的设计方法。在设计过程中引入一体化协同设计方法,实现了DCS系统设计、软件设计及硬件设计的深度协同;利用一体化仿真验证平台,实现对DCS软、硬件设计的一致性、外部接口的完整性及逻辑功能正确性的仿真验证;通过仿真验证能及时发现深层次的设计问题,规避了设计差错引入后续环节。该设计方法能够大幅提升安全级DCS的设计效率及质量。

安全级DCS网络安全标准分析与实施原则研究

随着越来越多的数字技术、通信协议和软件应用于核电厂安全级分布式控制系统(DCS),网络安全在核电厂和安全级DCS中的地位日益重要。近年来,国内外网络安全标准陆续发布。网络安全标准要求存在差异,如何选择标准要求、如何实施对应的网络安全技术需要理论支撑。通过国内外网络安全标准要求研究,给出标准实施的建议。采用对比分析方法,分析了国内外网络安全标准的差异,分析了网络安全标准要求执行的难点。结合核电安全级DCS技术背景,提出了标准要求在工程项目中应用的基本原则。考虑了安全级DCS功能安全与网络安全协调的要求。提出的原则可为安全级DCS网络安全标准要求实施、技术措施的选择提供理论依据。

选煤厂集散控制DCS系统的设计与实现

由于选煤厂设备类型众多,对于分散的设备难以实现集中管理,因此,在自动控制技术的基础上,设计了一种集散控制DCS系统。建立选煤厂集散控制系统框架,从硬件和软件两方面分别给出了设计方案,由微机生产管理系统、DCS-6 CPU控制系统、产品装车控制系统组成硬件系统,利用PID控制算法辅助系统硬件,将分散的设备数据集中在一起,实现对选煤厂各类设备的集散控制。将应用DCS系统前后的集散控制系统在控制范围、控制效率以及系统续航时间等方面展开实验对比,实验结果表明,应用DCS系统后,集散控制系统的控制范围有了明显增加,控制效率较应用前相比也有了显著提升,而且系统续航时间更长,对于提高洗选煤效率起到了非常重要的推动作用。

DISOPE distributed model predictive control of cascade systems with network communication

A novel distributed model predictive control scheme based on dynamic integrated system optimization and parameter estimation （DISOPE） was proposed for nonlinear cascade systems under network environment. Under the distributed control structure, online optimization of the cascade system was composed of several cascaded agents that can cooperate and exchange information via network communication. By iterating on modified distributed linear optimal control problems on the basis of estimating parameters at every iteration the correct optimal control action of the nonlinear model predictive control problem of the cascade system could be obtained, assuming that the algorithm was convergent. This approach avoids solving the complex nonlinear optimization problem and significantly reduces the computational burden. The simulation results of the fossil fuel power unit are illustrated to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed algorithm.

Research on Distributed Cooperative Control Strategy of Microgrid Hybrid Energy Storage Based on Adaptive Event Triggering

Distributed collaborative control strategies for microgrids often use periodic time to trigger communication,which is likely to enhance the burden of communication and increase the frequency of controller updates,leading to greater waste of communication resources.In response to this problem,a distributed cooperative control strategy triggered by an adaptive event is proposed.By introducing an adaptive event triggering mechanism in the distributed controller,the triggering parameters are dynamically adjusted so that the distributed controller can communicate only at a certain time,the communication pressure is reduced,and the DC bus voltage deviation is effectively reduced,at the same time,the accuracy of power distribution is improved.The MATLAB/Simulink modeling and simulation results prove the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

集散控制系统(DCS)网络安全问题研究与建议

随着工业互联网的发展,工业控制系统不再是封闭的信息孤岛,面临网络安全威胁逐渐增多。集散控制系统DCS作为工业控制系统中最重要的控制系统之一,其安全性决定了整个工业控制系统的安全水平。为此,本文以艾默生的分散控制系统DeltaV DCS为研究对象,对其存在的安全问题进行分析,分别从操作系统漏洞、DeltaV安全漏洞、网络通信脆弱性、安全基线配置、供应链隐患等方面进行研究,研究出艾默生DeltaV DCS存在的安全隐患,并给出安全防护建议,对提升国家工业安全防护能力、促进工业信息安全产业发展等方面具有重要意义。

基于机器学习的核电厂DCS卡件故障诊断研究

随着核电厂运行时间的累积,数字化仪控设备的老化问题日益凸显。开关电源电路模块是分布式控制系统(DCS)卡件的关键组成部分。该模块的故障会导致卡件失效,甚至可能破坏核电厂的安全经济运行。针对核电厂某DCS卡件开关电源电路模块,开展了基于机器学习的板级故障诊断研究。根据传统机器学习和深度学习,分别开发了粒子群优化(PSO)-支持向量机(SVM)和一维卷积神经网络(1D-CNN)模型。小波包变换用于PSO-SVM模型的电路故障特征提取。基于加速寿命试验获得的电容老化过程数据,通过Saber电路建模仿真采集了开关电源在对应故障模式下的输出电压波形,用于模型的训练和测试。试验结果表明,所开发的故障诊断模型均表现出良好的诊断性能。该研究完成了故障诊断方法的可行性验证,不仅为DCS卡件的预测性维护提供了具有实际工程意义的应用参考,也为后续开展系统级健康管理研究奠定了一定的理论基础。

Distributed Secondary Control Based on Dynamic Diffusion Algorithm for Current Sharing and Average Voltage Regulation in DC Microgrids

This paper introduces a distributed secondary control scheme for achieving current sharing and average voltage regulation objectives in a DC microgrid.The proposed scheme employs a dynamic diffusion algorithm(DDA)instead of the consensus algorithm to enable distributed communication among converters.To help understand DDA,the relation of DDA and other diffusion algorithms is discussed in detail and its superiority is shown by comparison with diffusion and consensus algorithms.Furthermore,considering the discrete nature and different sampling time of the digital controller and communication network,a z-domain model of the entire DC microgrid is established.The influence of communication and secondary control parameters on the system stability is investigated.Based on the established model,the tolerable communication rates are obtained.Real-time simulations conducted on the OPAL-RT platform validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme,showcasing its advantages in terms of convergence speed and stability.