Virus spreading in wireless sensor networks with a medium access control mechanism

In this paper, an extended version of standard susceptible-infected （SI） model is proposed to consider the influence of a medium access control mechanism on virus spreading in wireless sensor networks. Theoretical analysis shows that the medium access control mechanism obviously reduces the density of infected nodes in the networks, which has been ignored in previous studies. It is also found that by increasing the network node density or node communication radius greatly increases the number of infected nodes. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

A random walk evolution model of wireless sensor networks and virus spreading

In this paper, considering both cluster heads and sensor nodes, we propose a novel evolving a network model based on a random walk to study the fault tolerance decrease of wireless sensor networks （WSNs） due to node failure, and discuss the spreading dynamic behavior of viruses in the evolution model. A theoretical analysis shows that the WSN generated by such an evolution model not only has a strong fault tolerance, but also can dynamically balance the energy loss of the entire network. It is also found that although the increase of the density of cluster heads in the network reduces the network efficiency, it can effectively inhibit the spread of viruses. In addition, the heterogeneity of the network improves the network efficiency and enhances the virus prevalence. We confirm all the theoretical results with sufficient numerical simulations.

Simulation modelling of potato virus Y spread in relation to initial inoculum and vector activity

Potato virus Y(PVY)is a non-persistent virus that is transmitted by many aphid species and causes significant damage to potato production.We constructed a spatially-explicit model simulating PVY spread in a potato field and used it to investigate possible effects of transmission efficiency,initial inoculum levels,vector behavior,vector abundance,and timing of peak vector activity on PVY incidence at the end of a simulated growing season.Lower PVY incidence in planted seed resulted in lower virus infection at the end of the season.However,when populations of efficient PVY vectors were high,significant PVY spread occurred even when initial virus inoculum was low.Non-colonizing aphids were more important for PVY spread compared to colonizing aphids,particularly at high densities.An early-season peak in the numbers of noncolonizing aphids resulted in the highest number of infected plants in the end of the season,while mid-and late-season peaks caused relatively little virus spread.Our results highlight the importance of integrating different techniques to prevent the number of PVY-infected plants from exceeding economically acceptable levels instead of trying to control aphids within potato fields.Such management plans should be implemented very early in a growing season.

Zika virus: a flavivirus caused pandemics in Latin America

Since early 2015,an unprecedented outbreak of Zika virus(ZIKV)infection that recognized in northeast Brazil has spread to Latin America(Schuler-Faccini,2016).As of January 2016,there has been confirmed autochthonous transmission of ZIKV in 19 countries in the Americas outside Brazil(Hennessey,2016).

Mathematical modelling on phase based transmissibility of Coronavirus

Mathematical and epidemiological simulation plays a pivotal role in predicting,anticipating,and controlling present and future epidemics.To better understand and model the dynamics of a specific infection,researchers need to consider the influence of many variables ranging from micro-hostepathogen interactions to host-to-host encounters,and the prevailing cultural,social,economic,and local customs worldwide.As reported by the WHO,a novel corona virus(COVID-19)is identified as the etiological virus through Wuhan pneumonia for unknown etiology with Chinese administration on Jan 7,2020.This virus is designated as an unsympathetic SARS-Cov-2 by International Commission for Taxonomy of Viruses on Feb 11,2020.The main aim is to enlarge a phase based mathematical modelling to specify the transferability of this disease.It is developed Reservoir-individuals spreading set of connections modelling for imitating the prospective broadcast as of the infectivity foundation in the direction of the person infectivity.In view of the fact that,the Reservoir has set of connections to rigid to see the sights obviously as well as communal anxieties are concentrating on top of the spreading starting reservoir to individuals.The subsequent generation matrix methodology is endorsed towards compute the fundamental reproduction number(R0)through the RP modelling to measure the transferability by the COVID-19.The values of R0 are estimated from reservoir to human being as well as starting individual to individual,that is to say,the accepted quantity of less important diseases this consequence from presenting a solitary contaminated personality addicted to differently susceptible inhabitants.The present model demonstrated that the spreading of COVID-19 is superior to the Middle-East pulmonary infirmity during the Middle-East nationals,analogous to harsh sensitive pulmonary infirmity,but inferior than Middle-East pulmonary infirmity within the Republic of Korea.It can also extend this study to some other countries,including Saudi Arabia,Italy,and Germany etc.The COVID-19 pandemic has become the leading societal concern.The pandemic has shown that the public health concern is not only a medical problem,but also affects society as a whole;so,it has also become the leading scientific concern.