Clinical Study on Therapy of Clearing Hallow Viscera in Treating Critical Patients with Gastro-enteric Function Disorder

Objective： To explore the clinical effect of therapy of clearing hallow viscera in treating critical patients with gastro-enteric function disorder （GEFD）. Methods： Retrospective analysis was carried out on 96 critical patients. They were 48 patients in the treated group treated with Dachengqi Decoction （ 大承气汤） and 48 patients in the control group treated with Western medicine for promoting gastric dynamic force. The recovery rate, recovery time of gastro-enteric function, incidence rate and fatality rate of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome （MODS）, as well as the level of plasma endotoxin （ET） before and after treatment between the two groups were compared. Results： Comparison between the two groups in gastro-enteric function recovery rate （81.3% vs 45.8 %）, functional disorder sustaining time in patients who got recovered （1.2± 0.3 daysvs4.0±1.1 days）, incidence rate （29. 17% vs 52.08%） and fatality rate （28.57% vs 56.00%） of MODS all showed significant difference （ P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. The plasma level of ET after treatment in the treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Therapy of clearing hallow viscera has a good effect in treating critical patients with gastro-enteric function disorder, and could reduce the incidence and fatality of MODS.

Isolation and Characterization of Enterococci Bacteriocinic Strains from Tunisian Fish Viscera

A collection of lactic acid bacteria isolates from fish viscera was studied and investigated regarding to their functional properties and safety aspects. From these, three isolates GM1, GM2 and GM3 were identified as Enterococcus feacium species using molecular methods. Partial Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis (partial ARDRA) with restriction enzyme HaeIII separated these isolates into distinctive group which suggest genotypic variability within enterococci strains isolated from fish viscera. The three strains GM1, GM2 and GM3 exhibited antimicrobial activity. Indeed strains have been shown to produce bacteriocins with inhibitory effect against food spoilage bacteria and pathogenic fish including Carnobacterium maltaromaticum. The molecular mass of bacteriocin, as calculated by tricine-SDS-PAGE, was found to be 4.5 kDa. All isolates were tested positive upon PCR amplification of enterocin A structural gene. Investigations of antibiotic resistance show that the isolates were mostly sensitive to several antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, gentamycine) and resistance to rifampicin. All isolates grow in esculin azide agar as a selective medium for enumeration of probiotic enterococci. This study suggests that our strains can be employed as probiotic or to improve the safety of food products.

PLASMA EXTRAVASATION IN THE VISCERAL ORGANS CAUSED BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF ACUPOINT "ZUSANLI" IN RATS

Objective To investigate the plasma extravasation of visceral organs caused by electrical stimulation of acupoint under the dorsal root reflex and axon reflex conditions. Methods By the means of measuring the content of Evans blue, this study investigated the plasma extravasation of visceral organs induced by electrical stimulation of acupoint 'Zusanli'(ST 36).Results The Evans blue content in the visceral organs such as liver, spleen, pancreas and the whole gastrointestinal tract in rats increased significantly after electrical stimulation of acupoint 'Zusanli' compared with that of the control group (P<0.01). The Evans blue extravasation in the above visceral organs was blocked by pre-treatment of capsaicin (66 mmol·L -1, 50 μL) into the acupoint. Conclusion The neurogenic inflammation of the visceral organs evoked by electrical stimulation of acupoint was mediated by the capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers through the dorsal root reflex and axon reflex. It is a new method to study the correlation of meridian-viscera.

Sonographic Estimation of Visceral Adipose Tissue in an African Population

Purpose: To establish normal values of sonographically-quantified visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in an African population and to correlate results with biomarkers. Patients and Methods: 100 male and 150 female volunteers were scanned for intra-abdominal adipose tissue thickness. Other parameters obtained include BMI, WC, and blood pressure (BP). Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to estimate the degree of relationship in VAT, BMI, WC, and blood pressure. Results: The mean VAT thickness was 25.36 ± 16.42 mm. VAT correlated positively and linearly with age (r = 0.651;p < 0.05), BMI (males: r = 0.745, p < 0.05, and females: r = 0.736;p < 0.05), WC (males: r = 0.797, p < 0.05;females: r = 0.779, p < 0.05), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. (Systolic: r = 0.524, p < 0.05, and diastolic: r = 0.535, p <0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound is a useful tool in assessing VAT during routine scans to identify patients at risk of increased blood pressure and cardiac diseases associated with obesity.

Influence of Salt Concentration on Histamine Formation in Fermented Tuna Viscera (<i>Dayok</i>)

The formation of histamine in fermented tuna (Thunnus albacares) viscera (dayok) at different salt concentrations (10%, 17.5% and 25%) for 7 days at ambient temperature was investigated. Effect on chemical and microbiological changes on tuna viscera were monitored. Results demonstrated that the levels of pH, lactic acid, amino nitrogen and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) increased as time of dayok fermentation progressed. The total plate count and lactic acid bacteria count decreased with increasing salt concentration. Histamine levels decreased during fermentation as salt concentration increased. Histamine levels above FDA standard limit of 50 ppm are formed at low salt concentration (10%) with a total plate count of 107 cfu/g. Results revealed that application of salt concentration greater than 17% can minimize the formation of histamine.

THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC NERVE AND ADRENAL ON THE VISCERA-AURICULO-ACUPOINT RESPONSE

The article summarizes the achievements of research on the mechanism of auriculo-acu-points by us in recent years.(1) By stimulating and recording the electric activities of the sympathetic nerve, it has been observed that the abnormal sympathetic excitation is the cause for the reduction of the electric resistance itt ear acupoints, the occurrence of the low-resistance spots in the auricle, and the auricular resistance has a phasic process of rising ahead and falling behind, we have observed that the quantity change of the low-resistance spots in the auricle is parallel to the quantity of the syrnpathetlc fibres, with local injection of the specific sympathetic-destroying agent, 6-OHDA.(2) It was confirmed with animal cross-circulation method that humour factors participate in the viscera-auriculo-acupoint response. Furthermore, the adrenal effect was proved with the adrenal extirpation. A several models of Yang-deficiency syndrome were rnade to analyze the action of some substaflces secreted from adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.(3) On the basis of the above-mentioned outcome, a hypothesis that specific and nonspecif1c viscera-auriculo-acupoint responses are mixed has been rendered, The specific response here means the special relationship between certain parts of the auricle and certain viscera which forms the foundation of auriculo-acupoints, while the nonspecific one refers to the general or diffused response in the whole auricle resulting from the actions of all the viscera and other parts of the body. The specific response may be fulfilled by the sympathetic nerve, wh1le the nonspecific response is accomplished by both of sympathetic nerve and adrenal gland. The significance of the research may be concluded in the following: the mechanism of auricle diagnosis in clinic has been further understood; the diagnostic accurracy and the therapeutical effect could be raised and a new breakthrough for expounding the substance of meridians and collaterals could be made.

Effect of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer on gastrointestinal hormones, visceral protein and pain stress in patients

Objective: To investigate the effects of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer on gastrointestinal hormones, visceral protein and pain stress. Methods: A total of 96 patients with rectal cancer radical resection from January 2017 to December 2017 in our hospital, were selected as the research objects, the patients were randomly divided into the observation group (48 cases) and the control group (48 cases). The observation group received laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer, while the control group underwent open radical resection of rectal cancer. The levels of gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), transferrin (TRF), retinol binding protein (RbP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PRE), P substance (SP), bradykinin (BK), and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) were measured and compared in the two groups. Results: Before operation, there was no significant difference in GAS, MTL and VIP between the two groups. 1, 3, and 5 d after operation, the GAS, MTL and VIP of the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3, and 5 d after operation, GAS of the observation group were (66.60±5.79) μmol/L, (71.95±6.16) μmol/L and (77.68±6.38) μmol/L respectively, MTL were (225.68±19.83) pg/mL, (253.76±21.42) pg/mL and (289.98±24.74) pg/mL, VIP were (1.99±0.42) μmol/L, (2.43±0.46) μmol/L, (2.80±0.51) μmol/L, respectively, which were higher than that of the control group at the same time, and the difference was statistically significant. Before operation, there was no significant difference in TRF, RbP, ALB and PRE levels in the two groups. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, the TRF, RbP, ALB and PRE levels in the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, TRF of the observation group were (1.64±0.33) ng/L, (1.44±0.30) ng/L, (1.46 ±0.32) ng/L, RbP were (19.05±3.85) mg/L, (21.83±4.26) mg/L and (24.54±4.45) mg/L respectively, and ALB were (31.49±2.54) ng/L, (28.21±2.05) ng/L and (28.43±1.99) ng/L, PRE were (0.20±0.06) ng/L, (0.16±0.05) ng/L, (0.15±0.05) ng/L, which were all higher than those in the control group at the same time, and the differences were statistically significant. Before operation, there was no significant difference in SP, BK and PGE2 between the two groups. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, the SP, BK and PGE2 of the two groups were significantly higher than those before operation and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, SP of the observation group was (7.31±0.87) μg/mL, (5.43±0.51) μg/mL and (3.10±0.24) μg/mL, BK was (9.53±0.80) μg/L, (7.81±0.79) μg/L and 6.30±0.53) pg/mL, and PGE2 were (152.42±14.80) pg/mL, (131.22±13.35) pg/mL, (117.86±11.95) pg/mL, which were all lower than those in the control group at the same time, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer can help patients recover gastrointestinal function faster and cause less pain stress.

Explain the relationship between the theory of spleen viscera and the pathogenesis of malignant tumors from the perspective of system theory

The spleen visceral manifestation theory(SVMT)is formed under the simple holistic thinking mode of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It emphasizes the change of our organic function.And SVMT can make me to understand the basic characteristics and rules of the organic functional change and disease evolution of spleen(which is a complex giant system from a macroscopic view).However,the formation of SVMT is still in the stage of fuzzy deduction,ignoring the structural basis of its function.As a result,although SVMT has a macroscopic accuracy,it is unable to analyze the internal structure from the perspective of reductionism.The systematic thought of unifying reductionism and holistic dialectics provides the possibility for the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory and modern scientific research.Based on the systematic relationship between spleen storage and malignant tumor,this paper tries to take matter-energy-information as the starting point by drawing lessons from complex scientific theory and using the method of interdisciplinary comprehensive analysis under the guidance of system theory.Explore its mechanism and law more scientifically from the subcellular level,so as to further improve and deepen the theoretical system of malignant tumor research based on SVMT.

Consequences of dysthyroidism on the digestive tract and viscera

Thyroid hormones def ine basal metabolism throughout the body, particularly in the intestine and viscera. Gastrointestinal manifestations of dysthyroidism are numerous and involve all portions of the tract. Thyroid hormone action on motility has been widely studied, but more complex pathophysiologic mechanisms have been indicated by some studies although these are not fully understood. Both thyroid hormone excess and def iciency can have similar digestive manifestations, such as diarrhea, although the mechanism is different in each situation. The liver is the most affected organ in both hypo-and hyperthyroidism. Specifi c digestive diseases may be associated with autoimmune thyroid processes, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Grave's disease. Among them, celiac sprue and primary biliary cirrhosis are the most frequent although a clear common mechanism has never been proven. Overall, thyroid-related digestive manifestations were described decades ago but studies are still needed in order to conf irm old concepts or elucidate undiscovered mechanisms. All practitioners must be aware of digestive symptoms due to dysthyroidism in order to avoid misdiagnosis of rare but potentially lethal situations.

Effect of early enteral and parenteral nutrition on visceral ischemic lesion of rat burn model

AIM:To compare the effects of early enteral nutrition and early parenteral nutrition on ameliorating visceral ischemia and relieving free radical damage.METHODS:66 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group(C),parenteral nutrition group(PN)and enteral nutrition group(EN),PN and EN groups made up of 30%TBSAⅢdegree burn model.We delivered nutrient solution with same calorie and calorie nitrogen ratio via vein or enteral tract respectively.Blood flow of liver,kidney and change of SOD of heart,liver and kidney at 6,12,24,48,72 h after burn were tested.RESULTS:Tissue blood flow and SOD of EN group were higher than those of PN group in many phase(P< 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION:Early enternal nutrition can relieve the increase of visceral vascular permeability and damage of oxygen free radical.

鲍鱼脏器碱提多糖的分离纯化、结构表征及抗氧化活性研究

目的:分离纯化鲍鱼脏器碱提多糖(alkali-extracted abalone vscera polysaccharides,Aavp),并研究其结构和抗氧化活性,以期为鲍鱼脏器碱提多糖的开发及应用提供参考。方法:通过热碱提醇沉获得鲍鱼脏器碱提粗多糖,经DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow和Sephacryl S-400 HR纯化得到高纯度多糖,并利用气相色谱、高效液相色谱、红外光谱和热重分析仪等工具分析其结构及抗氧化活性。结果:粗多糖纯化后得到四个组分,包括Aavp Ia、Aavp Ib、Aavp IIa和Aavp IIb,其中Aavp IIa得率较高,选择其进一步进行结构分析。分析发现,Aavp IIa由木糖和半乳糖组成,分子量为166513 Da;糖苷键构型为α型,组成如下:半乳糖1→4糖苷键摩尔百分比为11.81%,半乳糖1→3糖苷键为34.14%,半乳糖1→2糖苷键为10.14%;木糖1→3糖苷键摩尔百分比为33.85%,1→2和1→4糖苷键共占10.06%。热重分析显示,Aavp IIa在226.4-332.6℃下断裂分解,热失重率为43.65%。抗氧化实验显示Aavp IIa对O2-·的清除率为85.89%,对DPPH·的清除率为62.17%,具有一定的抗氧化活性。结论:提取的鲍鱼脏器碱提多糖是一类杂多糖,并具有一定的抗氧化活性。

气机升降理论内涵及不寐病辨证分型探讨

气机升降理论是“汉派李氏脑病流派”辨治不寐病的核心理论思想,基于气机升降理论将不寐病分为升降太过和升降不及两大类,根据气机运行的部位、气的多少、气机升降出入的不同形式将不寐病分为营卫不和型、脏腑气机失调型、阴阳不交型三大类型;每一类型又有各自不同亚型,共有卫阳虚不敛营阴证、卫气盛夜不入营阴证、卫气入于阴而日不得出于阳证、肝胆气机疏泄失调证、心肾气机上下相济失调证、脾升胃降枢机失调证、阳不入阴证、阳盛阴虚证、阴不潜阳证九种亚型,并表现出各自独有的临床特征。基于气机升降理论的辨证分型法补充完善了现阶段不寐病辨证分型类别,为临床诊治不寐病开拓了新思路。

2C-B的亚慢性毒性研究

研究4-溴-2,5-二甲氧基苯乙胺(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine,2C-B)的亚慢性毒性.通过对大鼠进行长期连续染毒,以体重变化、脏器系数、病理学检查及肝肾生化酶水平的影响探讨2C-B对机体造成损伤的情况.综合各指标结果分析长期服用2C-B会对心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、大脑产生损害,上述器官可能是2C-B毒性的靶器官.

基于五脏一体观探析从肝辨治寻常型银屑病

寻常型银屑病是临床中最常见的银屑病类型,疾病主要表现为皮肤表面出现红色斑丘疹,覆有银白色鳞屑,拭去可见出血点,伴有瘙痒等症状。银屑病与中医“白疕”相对应,病虽发于体表,然司外揣内。肝主疏泄,心主血脉,肺主皮毛,脾主运化,肾为先天之本,五脏精津、气血共同作用于肌肤才使得皮肤润泽。五脏之关键脏腑在于肝,以肝为切入点,结合五脏一体观进行整体辨治。文章提出肝脾湿热、肝心火旺、肝火犯肺、肝郁肾虚的寻常型银屑病主要病机,并施以相对应治法,协同治疗,祛邪补虚,和五脏,实肌肤。经临床验证,治疗上以治肝为主,兼顾他脏,基于五脏一体观思想,从肝辨治寻常型银屑病顺应整体观念,调和气血,调整阴阳,辨证施以对应治法,以达肝畅条达,五脏清明,从而使皮肤疮消肌愈,“屑”去肤安,取得良好疗效。因考虑到本病病程长,易反复发作,患者多伴有抑郁、精神焦虑等情志问题,在治疗时重视调肝治肝,运用疏肝解郁、清热解毒、清心凉血等法随证治之,基于五脏一体观进行辨证论治,使郁遏得疏,脏虚得养,疏泄有序,阴平阳秘,诸脏平和,取得较好的临床效果。

针刀五脏夹脊穴配合拔罐调理亚健康临床观察

目的在针刀医学理论的指导下,运用中医脏腑、经络理论结合脊柱相关源性亚健康的调理机制,观察针刀五脏夹脊穴配合拔罐调理亚健康的临床效果。方法60例亚健康状态者随机分为两组,针刀组(观察组)与针刺组(对照组),两组均采用五脏夹脊穴调理。观察组用针刀刺松穴位后,分别向督脉及膀胱经透刺,然后选取五脏夹脊穴进行拔罐;对照组取五脏夹脊穴针刺,得气后运用平补平泻的手法,留针20 min,出针后进行拔罐。21 d后观察两组的调理效果。结果调理后显示观察组总有效率为96.4%(27/28),高于对照组的77.8%(21/27)(P<0.05);观察组痊愈率为39.3%(11/28),高于对照组的22.2%(6/27)(P<0.01)。结论针刀五脏夹脊穴配合拔罐调理亚健康效果显著,并具有很好的发展前景,值得在临床上推广。

从“清激调补”探讨新型冠状病毒二次感染的临证思路

结合新型冠状病毒二次感染的现状,在辨病与辨证、辨分期结合的基础上,提出“清激调补”的中医临证思路。“清”即清除外来邪毒与内生浊物,祛邪外出,是新型冠状病毒二次感染治疗的关键;“调”为调理脏腑,随证治之,是新型冠状病毒二次感染治疗的重要内容;“激”是激发人体正气,调动先天之气补充后天之气以抗邪,“补”即补益气血阴阳,“激”与“补”二者均扶正以祛邪,是促使新型冠状病毒二次感染患者恢复健康的重要手段。

培土生金法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD),简称慢阻肺,其发病机制复杂,病理表现繁多。中医学认为该病与肺脾关系最为密切,肺虚及脾,脾虚累肺,相互影响,致使病情迁延,反复发作。治疗时应重视培土生金,不限于肺,不忘于脾,多方兼顾。培土生金法历史悠久,随着朝代更迭,治法被不断丰富与发展,体现出“培土”不仅为补脾益气,更是调和脾胃、濡润中焦、扶正固本、补益宗气,从而达到治理肺脏的效果。在现代医学领域中,培土生金法治疗慢阻肺的科学内涵逐渐清晰,对不同病情都有着卓越的疗效,充分体现出治法的重要性及优越性,以期能为中医药对该病的防治提供参考。

仿刺参内脏的化学成分研究

采用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱、半制备型高效液相色谱和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等分离技术对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)内脏中的化学成分进行分离和纯化。通过1H NMR、13 C NMR、HSQC、HMBC、1H-1H COSY、HR-ESI-MS等波谱技术,结合文献数据比对,从仿刺参内脏95%乙醇提取液中鉴定出14个单体化合物,分别为(E)-dec-5-en-1-yl sulfate(1)、(Z)-dec-5-en-1-yl sulfate(2)、7-methyloctyl sulfate(3)、(S)-2,6-dimethylheptyl sulfate(4)、N-lactoyl-phenylalanine(5)、(1 S,3 S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(6)、(1 R,3 S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(7)、L-phenylalanine(8)、tyramine(9)、tryptamine(10)、L-tryptophan(11)、8-oxo-tryptamine(12)、3-(2-aminoethyl)-3-hydroxyindolin-2-one(13)、β-carboline(14)。其中,化合物1为新化合物,化合物5~14首次分离自仿刺参内脏。

从“一气周流”角度探讨长白山通经调脏推拿治疗失眠的理论基础

失眠是临床的常见症,总病机以阴阳营卫失交,脏腑失和为主。长白山通经调脏手法经过几代人的传承与发展,在治疗失眠方面已取得了不错的临床疗效,其原理是通过手法的作用使中焦脾胃升降有序,脏腑调和,气机通畅,促进阴阳、营卫、气血在全身周流,使阴阳相交,营卫调和,人体则可达到气调安神的状态。本文从黄元御提出的“土枢四象,一气周流”的理论阐述长白山通经调脏手法治疗失眠的理论依据。附验案1则以佐证。

基于五脏相关学说探讨以心脾相关理论治疗脾胃病的思路与临床应用

从心脾相关理论源流、心脾关系辨析出发,探讨基于心脾相关理论的脾胃病病因病机与治疗方法,认为心脾相关理论萌芽于秦汉、发展于晋唐,兴盛于宋元,完善于明清,成熟于近代。在相互关系方面,心脾通过经络、五行、气血、精神情志相关,并在现代研究中的脑-肠轴学说中得到验证。在病因病机方面,火衰土虚、心火乘脾、心脾两虚、心胃不和是心脾相关理论中的最常见的脾胃病发病机制。临床治疗时,可针对各个病机分别以益火补土、泻心扶脾、补心健脾、调心安脾为核心治疗方法。在用药方面,以附子、干姜、桂枝、炙甘草温补心阳,以黄芪、黄连补脾泻火,以黄芪、人参、龙眼肉、当归补心健脾,以首乌藤、玫瑰花、合欢皮等调养心神以安脾胃。