Artificial boundary condition for Klein-Gordon equation by constructing mechanics structure

An innovative local artificial boundary condition is proposed to numerically solve the Cauchy problem of the Klein-Gordon equation in an unbounded domain.Initially,the equation is considered as the axial wave prop-agation in a bar supported on a spring foundation.The numerical model is then truncated by replacing the half-infinitely long bar with an equivalent mechanical structure.The effective frequency-dependent stiffness of the half-infinitely long bar is expressed as the sum of rational terms using Pade approximation.For each term,a corresponding substructure composed of dampers and masses is constructed.Finally,the equivalent mechan-ical structure is obtained by parallelly connecting these substructures.The proposed approach can be easily implemented within a standard finite element framework by incorporating additional mass points and damper elements.Numerical examples show that with just a few extra degrees of freedom,the proposed approach effec-tively suppresses artificial reflections at the truncation boundary and exhibits first-order convergence.

FINITE ELEMENT-ARTIFICIAL TRANSMITTING BOUNDARY METHOD FOR WAVE SCATTERING FROM IRREGULAR CYLINDER

用有限元－人工透射边界法求出柱面波在无限长圆柱上的散射近场并与解析解比较，进而对几种不规则目标的散射问题求解．实例说明，该方法过程简单，图象清楚，适应性强，可处理多种复杂的散射问题．

3D viscous-spring artificial boundary in time domain

After a brief review of studies on artificial boundaries in dynamic soil-structure interaction, a three-dimensional viscous-spring artificial boundary （VSAB） in the time domain is developed in this paper. First, the 3D VSAB equations in the normal and tangential directions are derived based on the elastic wave motion theory. Secondly, a numerical simulation technique of wave motion equations along with the VSAB condition in the time domain is studied. Finally, numerical examples of some classical elastic wave motion problems are presented and the results are compared with the associated theoretical solutions, demonstrating that high precision and adequate stability can be achieved by using the proposed 3D VSAB. The proposed 3D VSAB can be conveniently incorporated in the general finite element program, which is commonly used to study dynamic soil-structure interaction problems.

BOUNDARY ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONTACT PROBLEMS USING ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARY NODE APPROACH

An improved version of the regular boundary element method, the artificial boundary node approach, is derived. A simple contact algorithm is designed and implemented into the direct boundary element, regular boundary element and artificial boundary node approaches. The exisiting and derived approaches are tested using some case studies. The results of the artificial boundary node approach are compared with those of the existing boundary element program, the regular element approach, ANSYS and analytical solution whenever possible. The results show the effectiveness of the artificial boundary node approach for a wider range of boundary offsets.

New artificial boundary condition for saturated soil foundations

Anew artificial boundary model based on multi-directional transmitting and viscous-spring artificial boundary theories is proposed to absorb stress waves in a saturated soil foundation in dynamic analysis. Since shear waves （S-waves） are the same in a saturated soil foundation and a single-phase medium foundation, a tangential visco-elastic boundary condition for a single-phase medium foundation can also be used for saturated soil foundations. Thus, the purpose of the artificial boundary proposed in this paper is primarily to absorb two types of P-waves in a saturated soil foundation. The main idea is that the stress of the P-waves in the saturated soil foundation is decomposed into two types. The first type of stress, δra＇ is absorbed by the first artificial boundary. The second type of stress, δrb, is balanced by the stress generated by the second artificial boundary. Ultimately, both types of P-waves （fast-P-waves and slow-P-waves） are absorbed by the artificial boundary model proposed in this paper. In particular, note that the fast-P-waves and slow-P-waves are absorbed at the position of the first boundary. Thus, the artificial boundary model proposed herein can simultaneously absorb P-fast waves, P-slow waves and shear waves. Finally, a numerical example is given to examine the proposed artificial boundary model, and the results show that it is very accurate.

A Method for Setting the Artificial Boundary Conditions of Groundwater Model

Numerical simulation technology is nowadays an important means for groundwater issues because of its efficiency and economical advantages. But in case of natural hydrogeological boundaries are not within the interest area, it may be a big trouble to set boundary conditions of the model artificially without enough field investigation information. This paper introduced a method for solving such problem applying field pumping test and recovery test. The method was applied to build an in-situ leaching of uranium model. Results showed that the model boundary conditions can be set satisfactorily, and also the calculated heads matched the observed data well in both two models.

Artificial boundary conditions for Euler–Bernoulli beam equation

In a semi-discretized Euler-Bernoulli beam equa- tion, the non-nearest neighboring interaction and large span of temporal scales for wave propagations pose challenges to the effectiveness and stability for artificial boundary treat- ments. With the discrete equation regarded as an atomic lattice with a three-atom potential, two accurate artificial boundary conditions are first derived here. Reflection co- efficient and numerical tests illustrate the capability of the proposed methods. In particular, the time history treatment gives an exact boundary condition, yet with sensitivity to nu- merical implementations. The ALEX （almost EXact） bound- ary condition is numerically more effective.

Seismic wave input method for three-dimensional soil-structure dynamic interaction analysis based on the substructure of artificial boundaries

The method of inputting the seismic wave determines the accuracy of the simulation of soil-structure dynamic interaction. The wave method is a commonly used approach for seismic wave input, which converts the incident wave into equivalent loads on the cutoff boundaries. The wave method has high precision, but the implementation is complicated, especially for three-dimensional models. By deducing another form of equivalent input seismic loads in the fi nite element model, a new seismic wave input method is proposed. In the new method, by imposing the displacements of the free wave fi eld on the nodes of the substructure composed of elements that contain artifi cial boundaries, the equivalent input seismic loads are obtained through dynamic analysis of the substructure. Subsequently, the equivalent input seismic loads are imposed on the artifi cial boundary nodes to complete the seismic wave input and perform seismic analysis of the soil-structure dynamic interaction model. Compared with the wave method, the new method is simplifi ed by avoiding the complex processes of calculating the equivalent input seismic loads. The validity of the new method is verifi ed by the dynamic analysis numerical examples of the homogeneous and layered half space under vertical and oblique incident seismic waves.

Comparison of perfectly matched layer and multi-transmitting formula artificial boundary condition based on hybrid finite element formulation

The theory of perfectly matched layer （PML） artificial boundary condition （ABC）, which is characterized by absorption any wave motions with arbitrary frequency and arbitrarily incident angle, is introduced. The construction process of PML boundary based on elastodynamic partial differential equation （PDE） system is developed. Combining with velocity-stress hybrid finite element formulation, the applicability of PML boundary is investigated and the numerical reflection of PML boundary is estimated. The reflectivity of PML and multi-transmitting formula （MTF） boundary is then compared based on body wave and surface wave simulations. The results show that although PML boundary yields some reflection, its absorption performance is superior to MTF boundary in the numerical simulations of near-fault wave propagation, especially in comer and large angle grazing incidence situations. The PML boundary does not arise any unstable phenomenon and the stability of PML boundary is better than MTF boundary in hybrid finite element method. For a specified problem and analysis tolerance, the computational efficiency of PML boundary is only a little lower than MTF boundary.

Stability conditions of explicit integration algorithms when using 3D viscoelastic artificial boundaries

Viscoelastic artificial boundaries are widely adopted in numerical simulations of wave propagation problems.When explicit time-domain integration algorithms are used,the stability condition of the boundary domain is stricter than that of the internal region due to the influence of the damping and stiffness of an viscoelastic artificial boundary.The lack of a clear and practical stability criterion for this problem,however,affects the reasonable selection of an integral time step when using viscoelastic artificial boundaries.In this study,we investigate the stability conditions of explicit integration algorithms when using three-dimensional(3D)viscoelastic artificial boundaries through an analysis method based on a local subsystem.Several boundary subsystems that can represent localized characteristics of a complete numerical model are established,and their analytical stability conditions are derived from and further compared to one another.The stability of the complete model is controlled by the corner regions,and thus,the global stability criterion for the numerical model with viscoelastic artificial boundaries is obtained.Next,by analyzing the impact of different factors on stability conditions,we recommend a stability coefficient for practically estimating the maximum stable integral time step in the dynamic analysis when using 3D viscoelastic artificial boundaries.

Stable Boundary Layer Height Parameterization: Learning from Artificial Neural Networks

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are employed using different combinations among the surface friction velocity u*, surface buoyancy flux Bs, free-flow stability N, Coriolis parameter f, and surface roughness length z0 from large-eddy simulation data as inputs to investigate which variables are essential in determining the stable boundary layer(SBL) height h. In addition, the performances of several conventional linear SBL height parameterizations are evaluated. ANN results indicate that the surface friction velocity u* is the most predominant variable in the estimation of SBL height h. When u* is absent, the secondly important variable is the surface buoyancy flux Bs. The relevance of N, f, and z0 to h is also discussed;f affects more than N does, and z0 shows to be the most insensitive variable to h.

An Artificial Boundary Condition for the Vortex Movements in Two Dimensions

An approximate artificial boundary condition based on a boundary integral equa- tion is designed for the vortex movements. Point vortex and cloud in cell methods are used in numerical simulation of vortex motions. The numerical experiments show that the ap- proximate artificial boundary condition is useful and su?ciently accurate in hydrodynamics.

Wave Radiation by a Floating Body in Water of Finite Depth Using an Exact DtN Boundary Condition

The present paper focuses on the wave radiation by an oscillating body with six degrees of freedom by using the DtN artifi-cial boundary condition.The artificial boundary is usually selected as a circle or spherical surface to solve various types of fields,such as sound waves or electromagnetic waves,provided that the considered domain is infinite or unbounded in all directions.However,the substantial wave motion is considered in water of finite depth,that is,the fluid domain is bounded vertically but unbounded horizon-tally.Thus,the DtN boundary condition is given on an artificial cylindrical surface,which divides the water domain into an interior and exterior region.The boundary integral equation is adopted to implement the present model.In the case of a floating cylinder,the results of hydrodynamic coefficients of a chamfer box are discussed.

斜入射地震波下单层球面网壳土-结构相互作用及其地震响应分析

为分析斜入射地震波下单层球面网壳土-结构相互作用及其地震响应,采用等效节点力实现地震波输入,通过黏弹性人工边界处理无穷远辐射条件,分析了地震波类型、土体参数、入射角度等因素对单层球面网壳结构的土-结构相互作用及其地震响应影响。结果表明:单层球面网壳结构在地震波入射一侧出现翘起,网壳总体沿入射方向发生旋转,当P波斜入射时支座位移差最大达0.514 m,为网壳跨度的1/250。当P波斜入射时,软弱土情况下网壳顶点位移比中硬土和中软土大,顶点位移随入射角增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势;当SV波入射时,中软土情况下网壳顶点位移比中硬土和软弱土大,顶点位移随入射角增大而增大。斜入射地震波下,考虑土-结构相互作用后网壳顶点位移增幅最大达5.5倍,网壳外圈位移增幅大于网壳跨中增幅。

基于改进人工势场法的通用航空路径规划

通用航空飞机在飞行过程除了要面对障碍物和天气系统的威胁,同时也受到飞行空域的限制,往往飞机只能在一块固定的空域或狭小的飞行走廊内飞行,一旦飞出限制空域,则有可能引发飞行冲突,甚至发生严重的安全事故。针对这些问题,在人工势场法斥力势场函数中添加航空器和目标点之间的相对距离函数,首先解决传统人工势场法存在的目标不可达问题和局部极小点问题,然后在算法中加入航路边界斥力影响因子,使飞机避障后在边界斥力的作用下重回航路中心。经过MATLAB仿真验证,试验结果表明,改进后的人工势场法能够实现主动避障和飞机航迹的规划。

考虑SSI效应的带地下室RC框架结构抗震性能研究

土-结构相互作用效应(Soil-Structure Interaction,SSI)是带地下室钢筋混凝土(Reinforced Concrete,RC)框架结构抗震性能分析的重要因素。基于模态和动力时程分析,通过有限元分析软件系统探究了地下室顶板嵌固、基础顶面嵌固和考虑SSI效应地下室周围土体嵌固等3种不同嵌固方式的RC框架结构抗震性能。结果表明:考虑SSI效应带地下室RC框架结构的自振周期明显延长,其中心柱剪力、各层加速度和层间位移角均有所减小;基础顶面嵌固模型未考虑SSI效应,其计算结果较为保守;SSI效应对带地下室RC框架结构会产生较大的减震影响。

显式算法中三维黏弹性人工边界应用及输水隧洞动力响应分析

为确保大型复杂三维有限元模型动力响应分析的稳定性及高效性,结合二维黏弹性边界理论及其在动力显式分析中稳定性的改善方法,提出了一种适用于ABAQUS/Explicit模块的三维黏弹性人工边界方法,并依托某输水隧洞与临近高铁隧道的立交工程,在设有三维黏弹性边界的基础上研究高速列车振动荷载对既有水工隧洞的振动影响特性。结果表明,采用动力显式分析时,稳定性改善后的黏弹性人工边界具有良好的吸能效果,满足远域地基的回弹性能;振动荷载对输水隧洞的动力影响随着作用距离的增大而减小,且各断面的动力响应极值均出现在底板中心。

人机博弈:人工智能时代用户的隐私想象与边界管理

长久以来,“隐私”被精英式的话语表达所建构。进入人工智能时代后,隐私概念兼具“有限控制、合理流动与动态平衡”三种特质,以往强调绝对控制的隐私概念已不能实现逻辑自洽。基于传播隐私管理理论的研究发现,用户想象中的隐私主要体现为“技术视线的躲避”,并存在隐私概念泛化、边界失控与隐私赤裸三种状态。用户依据主体性识别、选择性形成与协调性决策三大规则来进行隐私边界管理。在人与技术共存的智能社会中,应以技术的人性化趋势构建隐私透明可见的未来。

绝热边界作用下人工冻结温度场解析解

隧道地下工程采用冻结法施工时经常遇到地连墙等构筑物影响冻土帷幕发展的问题,给冻结方案设计和封水效果评估带来困难,危及后续开挖作业安全。为探明地连墙等绝热边界作用下冻结温度场的分布状态,掌握冻结壁局部受限时的发展规律,建立了半无限平面内包含直线绝热边界的温度场数学模型。通过热势函数叠加结合镜像法求解了单根、2根以及3根冻结管的温度场解析解,并采用数值模拟验证了其准确性和适用性。结果表明:解析解与稳态数值解吻合较好,与瞬态数值解的误差随冻结时间延长而减小,冻结第50天3种模型的误差分别为0.39℃、0.17℃和0.06℃,均能控制在0.5℃以内;等温线在绝热边界处与边界垂直,只存在平行于边界的热流而没有法向热流,绝热边界对于其与冻结管之间区域的温度降低更加有利;随着绝热边界与冻结管距离d的增加,对冷量传递的阻断作用降低,冻结模型逐渐向无限大平面模型转化,实际工程应根据冻结壁设计厚度,合理匹配管间距l和边界距离d的取值。

基于人工神经网络的颗粒材料本构关系及边值问题研究

颗粒材料被广泛运用于工程实践中,通过数值模拟解决颗粒材料有关的边值问题,对于指导工程实践具有重要意义.通过应用人工神经网络算法,将基于离散颗粒模型的离散单元法与基于连续介质模型的有限单元法有机结合以求解颗粒材料边值问题,形成了一套新的、完整的模型及解决方案,即细观模型离线计算的细-宏观两尺度模型及求解系统.具体为:先基于离散单元法获取颗粒材料的主应力、主应变以及对应的应力-应变矩阵等数据;再将获取的数据利用人工神经网络算法构建在主空间上描述颗粒材料本构关系的人工神经网络模型;最后,通过用户自定义材料子程序UMAT将人工神经网络模型导入ABAQUS中求解颗粒材料边值问题.通过平板受压以及边坡稳定性数值试验,并与经典弹塑性模型求解结果进行对比,表明了训练后的人工神经网络模型能够有效地反映颗粒材料的本构关系,并能够运用于实践求解边值问题,验证了该求解方案的可行性.