Measurement of the Plasma Rotation Velocity by Using Visible Spectrum on HL-1M Mokamak

The plasma rotation velocity were measured in HL-1M with Doppler shifts of CⅢ、 C Ⅱ、 O Ⅱ and H. line by a SKD high resolution spectrometer. The effects .of density' hydrogen pellet injection and carbon impurities injected by laser-blow-off on toroidal(V) and poloidal (Vθ)rotation velocity have been observed. The Vθ measured from H. line is only half of that from C Ⅱ impurity line.

High efficient Al: ZnO based bifocus metalens in visible spectrum

The optical components of the visible light band are widely used in daily life and industrial development. However due to the serious loss of light and the high cost, the application is limited. The broadband gap metasurface will change this situation due to its low absorption and high efficiency. Herein, we simulate a size-adjustable metasurface of the Al doped ZnO (AZO) nanorod arrays based on finite difference time domain method (FDTD) which can realize the conversion of amplitude polarization and phase in the full visible band. The corresponding theoretical polarization conversion efficiency can reach as high as 91.48% (450 nm), 95.27% (530 nm), and 91.01% (65 nm). The modulation of focusing wavelength can be realized by directly adjusting the height of the AZO nanorod. The designed half-wave plate and metalens can be applied in the imaging power modulation halfwave conversion and enriching the spectroscopy.

Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Triangular Rods by Single-Exposure Holographic Lithography

We demonstrate a single-exposure holographic fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystal with round- cornered triangular ＇atoms＇ arranged in a triangular lattice. Simulation results show that double absolute photonic band gaps exist in this structure. Our experimental results show that holographic lithography can be used to fabricate photonic crystals not only with various lattice structures but also with various kinds of structures of the atoms, to obtain absolute band gaps or a particular band gap structure. Furthermore, the single-exposure holographic method not only makes the fabrication process simple and convenient but also makes the structures of the atoms more perfect.

Optical Path Length,Temperature,and Wavelength Effects Simulation on Ozone Gas Absorption Cross Sections towards Green Communications

Ozone is a green house gas. Ozone absorption cross sections have been reported with discrepancies and inconsistencies. In this paper, simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature variations on ozone gas absorption cross sections are investigated at different wavelengths. HITRAN 2012, the latest available line list on spectralcalc.com simulator, is used in this study to simulate ozone gas absorption cross sections in relation to the simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature at the wavelengths of 603 nm and 575 nm. Results obtained for gas cells with the optical path length from 10 cm to 120 cm show that the decrease in temperatures from 313 K to 103 K results in the increase in ozone gas absorption cross sections. At wavelengths of 603 nm and 575 nm, the percentage increase of ozone gas absorption cross sections is 1.22% and 0.71%, respectively. Results obtained in this study show that in the visible spectrum, at constant pressure, ozone gas absorption cross sections are dependent on the temperature and wavelength but do not depend on the optical path length. Analysis in this work addresses discrepancies in ozone gas absorption cross sections in relation to the temperature in the visible spectrum; thus, the results can be applied to get optimal configuration of high accuracy ozone gas sensors.

THE STUDY ON COLOURING MECHANISM OF THE COLOUR-TRANSITION GLAZE

The colour-transition glazed brick has been made under suitable conditions and the expected result has been-obtained.The chemical compositions of the glaze have been given. The structures of Na_2O(K_2O)-CaO(MgO)-Al_2O_3 -SiO_2 system,parent glaze and colour-transition glaze have been invesitigated by SME,Visible spec- trum,IR spectrum and Raman spectrum.A brief exp- lanation to colouring mechanism of colour-transi- tion glaze was given in accordance with theory of optical absorption and scattering. For all specimens,liquid phase separation structures were observed generally be SEM and acomparison between parent glaze and colour-transi- tion glaze was made by Visible specta.Hence an inference can be drawn from these results that the liquid phase droplets contain Nd^(3+),Pr^(3+) ions, which cause coloration selective absorbing and scattering of incident light waves.

Environmental Pollution Bioindication Based on Ficus benjamina L. Leaf Reflectance in the City of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

The air in African cities is increasingly polluted mainly due to human activities. A bioindication technical of urban air quality based on active remote sensing might be an alternative to existing physico-chemical methods. Reflectance measurements in the visible spectrum have been carried out at the adaxial and abaxial sides of Ficus benjamina L. leaves in the city of Abidjan, C&#244te d’Ivoire, with a precision digital camera. Leaves were collected in industrial zones and in parks. The impact of air pollution on leaf physiological as well as structural characteristics in these two contrasts urban environments was determined by Dorsiventral Leaf Reflectance Correlation (DRLC) and dorsiventral leaf reflectance asymmetry quantitatively defined with Normalized Dorsiventral Asymmetry Index (NDAI). Species leaf susceptibility to air pollution from season to season was determined by NDAI seasonal variation. Leaf reflectance measurements allowed the estimation of environmental stress level among industrial areas and parks. NDAI and DLRC were significantly higher in industrial zones compared to parks. NDAI values were found significantly higher for major rainy season compared to major dry season, indicating probably that F. benjamina leaf structure changes were increased from one season to another. Thereby, assessment of urban air quality can be done using leaves reflectance in the visible spectrum.

Fusion of visible and thermal images for facial expression recognition

Most present research into facial expression recognition focuses on the visible spectrum, which is sen- sitive to illumination change. In this paper, we focus on in- tegrating thermal infrared data with visible spectrum images for spontaneous facial expression recognition. First, the ac- tive appearance model AAM parameters and three defined head motion features are extracted from visible spectrum im- ages, and several thermal statistical features are extracted from infrared （IR） images. Second, feature selection is per- formed using the F-test statistic. Third, Bayesian networks BNs and support vector machines SVMs are proposed for both decision-level and feature-level fusion. Experiments on the natural visible and infrared facial expression （NVIE） spontaneous database show the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and demonstrate thermal 1R images＇ supplementary role for visible facial expression recognition.

高光稳定性的全稠环分子在近红外安全和防伪中的应用

可见光与近红外(NIR)光的分离在近红外相关领域中有重要意义.选择性地从环境中提取近红外光的可见光不透明-近红外透明(VONIRT)材料在许多领域都有着广泛的应用.VONIRT材料通常是无机材料,通常存在脆性、毒性或者制备成本高的缺点.经典有机分子由于其吸收光谱不够宽,不能覆盖到全部可见光区域,不能作为VONIRT材料使用.在本工作中,我们报道了具有ADA’DA构型的全稠环分子,将其作为VONIRT材料应用于近红外安全与防伪中.通过对分子的分子内电荷转移进行调节,这类分子实现了400到800 nm的宽吸收光谱,半峰宽为299 nm.此外,由于它们的全稠环骨架,这些分子表现出优异的光稳定性.将优化后的全稠环分子与高分子基底共混,成功制备了VONIRT滤光片.该滤光片可以选择性地阻挡可见光以及透过近红外光.该滤光片不仅可以选择性提取环境中的近红外光,也能在近红外相关的实际场景(近红外安全、法医学以及防伪等)中使用.本工作揭示了全稠环分子的一种新的光学性质,并且提供了一类新型的、实用的VONIRT材料.

Spectroscopic study on transformations of dissolved organic matter in coal-to-liquids wastewater under integrated chemical oxidation and biological treatment process

A large amount of wastewater containing various toxic organic contaminants is produced during coal-to-liquids process. In this study, several spectroscopic methods were used to monitor the transformation of organic pollutants during an integrated chemical oxidation and biological process. The results showed that the hydrophobic acid fraction increased after Fenton oxidation, which was likely due to the production of small-molecule organic acids. Soluble microbial products were generated during biological treatment processes,which were degraded after ozonation; meanwhile, the hydrophilic base and acid components increased. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis indicated that peaks at the absorption wavelengths of 280 and 254 nm, which are associated with aromatic substances, were detected in the raw water. The aromatic substances were gradually removed, becoming undetectable after biological aeration filter（BAF） treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the functional groups of phenols;benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene（BTEX）; aromatic hydrocarbons; aliphatic acids;aldehydes; and esters were present in raw wastewater. The organic substances were oxidized into small molecules after Fenton treatment. Aromatic hydrocarbons were effectively removed through bioadsorption and biodegradation after BAF process.Biodegradable organic matter was reduced and finally became undetectable after anoxic–oxic treatment in combination with a membrane bioreactor. Four fluorescent components were fractionated and obtained via excitation–emission matrix parallel factor analysis（EEM-PARAFAC）. Dissolved organic matter fractionation in conjunction with EEM-PARAFAC was able to monitor more precisely the evolution of characteristic organic contaminants.