Context-attributed graph grammar framework for specifying visual languages

Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.

Enhancing Communication Accessibility:UrSL-CNN Approach to Urdu Sign Language Translation for Hearing-Impaired Individuals

Deaf people or people facing hearing issues can communicate using sign language(SL),a visual language.Many works based on rich source language have been proposed;however,the work using poor resource language is still lacking.Unlike other SLs,the visuals of the Urdu Language are different.This study presents a novel approach to translating Urdu sign language(UrSL)using the UrSL-CNN model,a convolutional neural network(CNN)architecture specifically designed for this purpose.Unlike existingworks that primarily focus on languageswith rich resources,this study addresses the challenge of translating a sign language with limited resources.We conducted experiments using two datasets containing 1500 and 78,000 images,employing a methodology comprising four modules:data collection,pre-processing,categorization,and prediction.To enhance prediction accuracy,each sign image was transformed into a greyscale image and underwent noise filtering.Comparative analysis with machine learning baseline methods(support vectormachine,GaussianNaive Bayes,randomforest,and k-nearest neighbors’algorithm)on the UrSL alphabets dataset demonstrated the superiority of UrSL-CNN,achieving an accuracy of 0.95.Additionally,our model exhibited superior performance in Precision,Recall,and F1-score evaluations.This work not only contributes to advancing sign language translation but also holds promise for improving communication accessibility for individuals with hearing impairments.

Real-Time Data and Visualization Monitoring of Computer Numerical Control Machine Tools Based on Hyper Text Markup Language 5

In order to ensure the safety,quality and efficiency of computer numerical control(CNC)machine tool processing,a real-time monitoring and visible solution for CNC machine tools based on hyper text markup language(HTML)5 is proposed.The characteristics of the real-time monitoring technology of CNC machine tools under the traditional Client/Server(C/S)structure are compared and analyzed,and the technical drawbacks are proposed.Web real-time communication technology and browser drawing technology are deeply studied.A real-time monitoring and visible system for CNC machine tool data is developed based on Metro platform,combining WebSocket real-time communication technology and Canvas drawing technology.The system architecture is given,and the functions and implementation methods of the system are described in detail.The practical application results show that the WebSocket real-time communication technology can effectively reduce the bandwidth and network delay and save server resources.The numerical control machine data monitoring system can intuitively reflect the machine data,and the visible effect is good.It realizes timely monitoring of equipment alarms and prompts maintenance and management personnel.

Deep Multi-Module Based Language Priors Mitigation Model for Visual Question Answering

The original intention of visual question answering(VQA)models is to infer the answer based on the relevant information of the question text in the visual image,but many VQA models often yield answers that are biased by some prior knowledge,especially the language priors.This paper proposes a mitigation model called language priors mitigation-VQA(LPM-VQA)for the language priors problem in VQA model,which divides language priors into positive and negative language priors.Different network branches are used to capture and process the different priors to achieve the purpose of mitigating language priors.A dynamically-changing language prior feedback objective function is designed with the intermediate results of some modules in the VQA model.The weight of the loss value for each answer is dynamically set according to the strength of its language priors to balance its proportion in the total VQA loss to further mitigate the language priors.This model does not depend on the baseline VQA architectures and can be configured like a plug-in to improve the performance of the model over most existing VQA models.The experimental results show that the proposed model is general and effective,achieving state-of-the-art accuracy in the VQA-CP v2 dataset.

Research and Practice of Visual Image in Task-Based Foreign Language Teaching

Task-based language teaching(TBLT)emphasizes the relevance of classroom tasks to real-life scenarios,while focusing on the learner’s personal life experiences as an important resource for classroom learning.This article is a teaching experiment based on task-based teaching method,which requires learners to complete a picture story about their daily life.The pictures are taken in real life scenes.Teachers plan to combine different task phases with visual images to closely link the tasks to the learner’s personal life and enhance the authenticity of the task.After the task is completed,the teacher understands the learner’s attitude and evaluation of the whole task through questionnaires,and analyzes the feasibility of the visual image applied to the foreign language classroom,the problems worthy of reflection,and suggestions for improvement.

Values of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and 10-2 visual field measurements in detecting and evaluating glaucoma

AIM:To assess the performance of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness(mGCIPLT)and 10-2 visual field(VF)parameters in detecting early glaucoma and evaluating the severity of advanced glaucoma.METHODS:Totally 127 eyes from 89 participants(36 eyes of 19 healthy participants,45 eyes of 31 early glaucoma patients and 46 eyes of 39 advanced glaucoma patients)were included.The relationships between the optical coherence tomography(OCT)-derived parameters and VF sensitivity were determined.Patients with early glaucoma were divided into eyes with or without central 10°of the VF damages(CVFDs),and the diagnostic performances of OCT-derived parameters were assessed.RESULTS:In early glaucoma,the mGCIPLT was significantly correlated with 10-2 VF pattern standard deviation(PSD;with average mGCIPLT:β=-0.046,95%CI,-0.067 to-0.024,P<0.001).In advanced glaucoma,the mGCIPLT was related to the 24-2 VF mean deviation(MD;with average mGCIPLT:β=0.397,95%CI,0.199 to 0.595,P<0.001),10-2 VF MD(with average mGCIPLT:β=0.762,95%CI,0.485 to 1.038,P<0.001)and 24-2 VF PSD(with average mGCIPLT:β=0.244,95%CI,0.124 to 0.364,P<0.001).Except for the minimum and superotemporal mGCIPLT,the decrease of mGCIPLT in early glaucomatous eyes with CVFDs was more severe than that of early glaucomatous eyes without CVFDs.The area under the curve(AUC)of the average mGCIPLT(AUC=0.949,95%CI,0.868 to 0.982)was greater than that of the average circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(cpRNFLT;AUC=0.827,95%CI,0.674 to 0.918)and rim area(AUC=0.799,95%CI,0.610 to 0.907)in early glaucomatous eyes with CVFDs versus normal eyes.CONCLUSION:The 10-2 VF and mGCIPLT parameters are complementary to 24-2 VF,cpRNFLT and ONH parameters,especially in detecting early glaucoma with CVFDs and evaluating the severity of advanced glaucoma in group level.

Mathematical Foundation of Visual Query Languageon Spatial Information

Visual Query Language on Spatial Information (SIVQL) is one kind of visual query language based on the extension of Query by Example (QBE). It is a visual operation based on graphics or media object, such as point, line and area elements. In this paper, the relation calculation and query function of SIVQL have been studied and discussed by using set theory and relation algebra. The theory foundation of SIVQL has been investigated by the mathematical method. Finally, its application examples are also given with the specific information system.

Modelling Design of Color Graphics Books Using Visual Vocabulary Based on Children’s Color Language Preferences

Color language has important meaning for children’s picture books.Understanding children’s preferences in terms of color language will be helpful when designers model computerized picture books in order to adapt to children’s visual senses and effectively stimulate children’s interest in reading.In this study,we aimed to further explore the general characteristics of children’s preference for colors,color depth and color matching forms in picture books.For the study,256 children between the ages of three and six were selected and divided into four groups.According to the implementation needs of the children’s color preference test,these childrenwere asked to complete a series of tasks so that their choices in the tasks could subsequently be analyzed.The tasks included making the following choices:selecting their preferred colors from nine options(red,orange,yellow,green,cyan,blue,purple,black and white);selecting their preferred color brightness fromthree different color shades;and indicating their preferences in relation to complementary colors,matching colors and pure colors.The experimental results showed that children aged between three and six mainly favor red,blue and yellow,and colors with a high degree of brightness.As children grow older,boys tend to prefer blue,and girls tend to prefer pink,with red remaining the favorite color of both genders.As for complementary colors,matching colors and solid colors,three-to six-year-old children prefer solid colors.In conclusion,it seems that color language preferences in children between the ages of three and six are very similar,which could be of use when designing children’s picture books to match their visual vocabulary and psychological cognition.

Spatial Data Process Using Python Script and Visual Programming Language in ArcGIS

Data are limitless. But those are usually not formed or created in our needs. Most of data providers deliver their data in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which is compatible with ArcGIS, the most widely used GIS （Geographic Information System） software in GIS sector. However, those table data contain much unnecessary information that do not need for a certain project. Using the raw data can increase processing times and reduce performance of geoprocessing tools. This study shows steps of how the raw data are being processed using ArcGIS ModelBuilder and Python script.

Analysis of Visual Emotional Language in Fashion Design

Along with the development and progress of the times, the living standard of the people has been gradually improved; when the living standards are improved, there has been also a new aesthetic demand. In terms of fashion design, it is necessary to integrate more emotions into the designing process, so as to give people a better visual sense. The three elements of fashion design are divided into color, shape and material; these three elements contain many visual emotional languages. In this paper, the specific contents were analyzed.

Research on the Novel Mode of Plane Graphic Design from the Angle of Visual Language Transmitting

In this paper, we conduct research on the novel mode of plane graphic design from the core angle of the primary visual language transmitting. Relationship between nationality and cosmopolitan processing in graphic design in the design of image symbol expression and significance of the symbol on the one hand require symbolic form must have enough openness and the cognitive function on the other hand with semiotics method can let the designer to extract the most representative and symbolic notation style to carry on the design expression. As a non- verbal symbols, from the perspective of the view, the design image is no national boundaries, but the human form to beauty and should express the symbolism of cognition is the same. In the form of the ethnic groups of the cosmopolitan codes are for identification of Chinese contemporary design possible effective methods. Our research proposes novel perspective of the design which is meaningful.

The overview of the language acquisition for Chinese city children aged 0-3 years

This paper examines the language development of Chinese children aged 0-3years in city family. About baby＇s language development by the time stages accordingly. Paying special attention to the efforts for the parents or caregivers. Infants receive more talking education and speak earlier. Most parents can hardly wait for their baby to say its first word and communicate with their baby. From about 2 years old, the child should be able to use simple phrases, retell simple story and even to sing song. Parents play an important role in this stage. By the 3 years children begin to use most of function words rather than omit them. And acquisition for the second language will help children＇s language development. The children have a gift for learning language.

Language Teaching and the Visual Element

Visual methods in language teaching have come in very quickly; their introduction has been hastened by the development of the electronic and mechanical means for displaying visual materials. And the learning of language and the teaching of meaning have been a long-lasting and significant topic in applied linguistics. In this paper several aspects of language teaching including main features of language learning, different ways for teaching of meaning etc. have been discussed. Then, the visual element in language teaching and different kinds of visual materials such as sound film, audio-visual courses, television will be introduced with an application of visual materials in real language class. Then, after the above discussion, the final conclusion will be arrived that the ultimate goal of language teaching is meaning and visual element can be of great importance in the creation of a real situation in language teaching.

Mental Image and Its Application in Language Learning

Mental image has often been believed to play a very large, even pivotal, role in both memory and motivation. However, with the lateralization of the brain, the treasure of mental image, a function dominated by the right hemisphere of the brain, is often neglected in the realm of language learning, a function dominated by the left-brain. Thus, educational systems have largely, if not exclusively, catered to the logic, analytical left-brain, and unwisely phase out the imagery elements of the right brain. In this paper, therefore, the author argues that mental image should not be a property confined to children, who have more imagination. This kind of human treasure should be appropriately deployed through the process of language teaching and learning, for it can provide a strong impetus for language learning, thus making language-learning process more enjoyable and beneficial.

外语课程思政的研究焦点和发展动向--基于北大核心和CSSCI来源期刊的可视化分析(2018—2023年)

本研究利用CiteSpace6.2 R6软件,对中国知网数据库收录的257篇CSSCI和北大核心关于我国外语课程思政研究的文献(2018—2023年)进行可视化分析。运用关键词频次统计、中介中心度分析、聚类分析以及时间线分析等多种方法,生成动态知识图谱,系统梳理我国外语课程思政的热点、趋势和演变,旨在全面揭示外语课程思政研究现状。研究发现,外语课程思政研究演进过程可划分为初步探索、快速发展、和内涵发展三个时期,在立德树人、教学设计、课程建设等方面均表现出持续的创新和关注。此外,文化自信、国家意识等主题也逐渐崭露头角,成为研究的新兴焦点。结合研究结果,文章进一步讨论了外语课程思政在研究内容、研究视角、研究链接和研究方法上的不足并提出未来研究方向。

A survey of deep learning-based visual question answering

With the warming up and continuous development of machine learning,especially deep learning,the research on visual question answering field has made significant progress,with important theoretical research significance and practical application value.Therefore,it is necessary to summarize the current research and provide some reference for researchers in this field.This article conducted a detailed and in-depth analysis and summarized of relevant research and typical methods of visual question answering field.First,relevant background knowledge about VQA(Visual Question Answering)was introduced.Secondly,the issues and challenges of visual question answering were discussed,and at the same time,some promising discussion on the particular methodologies was given.Thirdly,the key sub-problems affecting visual question answering were summarized and analyzed.Then,the current commonly used data sets and evaluation indicators were summarized.Next,in view of the popular algorithms and models in VQA research,comparison of the algorithms and models was summarized and listed.Finally,the future development trend and conclusion of visual question answering were prospected.

基于Visual Modflow研究武隆-广杨深层岩溶水径流特征

近年来,在武隆地区经济快速发展的同时,对水资源的需求量大增,土地石漠化等水文地质问题频发,使岩溶地区生态安全受到巨大威胁。运用Visual Modflow软件对研究区的典型剖面进行数值模拟,研究武隆-广杨地区深层岩溶水的运动规律,研究该地区深层岩溶水流系统循环特征、剖面上岩溶水的径流强度与滞留时间,为该地区工程建设提供技术支撑。研究结果表明:研究区地下存在局部、中间、区域三级地下水流动系统,其排泄区为十三沟、百笋溪和乌江,渗流速度分别为0.34 m/d、0.59 m/d和0.51 m/d。整体上看,研究区局部流动系统最发育,地下水滞留时间10~110年。由于百笋溪与乌江相距不远,垂直海拔相近,导致中间水流系统和区域水流系统发育程度相近,地下水滞留时间分别为约420年和约680年,并且岩溶水年龄沿岩溶水流动路径有逐渐衰老的趋势。总体而言,研究区的岩溶水年龄均小于700年,为现代水。

国际中文教育数字化研究状况与趋势——基于CNKI 2000-2023年文献的可视化分析

随着数字技术与教育的深入融合,教育数字化得到发展,国际中文教育数字化也已势不可挡。文章以中国知网(CNKI)数据库中国际中文教育数字化相关研究文献为数据来源,通过运用Excel、CiteSpace等软件,从阶段性发文趋势、载文期刊、核心作者及机构分布、高被引文献、关键词等维度,对国内2000-2023年间的核心期刊文献(171篇)和领域内受专家学者认可且影响力较大的非核心期刊文献(105篇)进行可视化计量分析。通过可视化知识图谱,呈现出新世纪以来我国国际中文教育数字化领域研究发展脉络与热点,并预测未来研究趋势,以期进一步奠定研究基础,更好地推动国际中文教育数字化转型。

Spiritual Language of Public Art in Architectural Form

To interpret spiritual language of architectural public art, architectural form was analyzed. Visual art space is based on spatial vision, artistic forms of point, line, surface and body are major visual elements of spatial form. Visual elements can be demonstrated in various forms, and even more diversified in the context of spatial design, interact with each other according to the form principle of beauty, and construct artistic forms of the space. Manifestation of the nature of public art also relies on visual elements, and the public aesthetic experience and feelings about architectural public art are expressed by visual elements.

Cross-modal connectivity of the secondary auditory cortex with higher visual area in the congenitally deaf—A case study

It is well known that auditory cortical areas are activated by visual stimulation in the deaf. However, it is not known whether the information enters from the primary visual area or high-level visual areas. In this study, we used visual language stimulation to examine visual-auditory functional connectivity. For this, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a congenitally deaf subject to localize areas in the auditory cortex that showed cross-modal reorganization for the processing of visual language inputs and estimate areas in the visual ventral stream, from which language signal inputs enter the auditory areas in the congenitally deaf. We found that the anterior region of the secondary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus showed language-specific activation and that the visual inputs into the area were from the fusiform gyrus, which is a high-level visual area.