Effects of disparity distribution on visual comfort for multiple objects of stereoscopic images

With the development of stereoscopic technology, more attention is attracted on the stereoscopic three-dimensional(S3 D) content and service, and researches on images and videos have emerged in large numbers. This paper focuses mainly on visual comfort affected by characteristics of disparity for multiple objects. To find the relationship between disparity distribution and visual comfort perception, several subject evaluation experiments are done. The study contains two spatial distribution types of disparity: 1) only one of the foreground objects has zero disparity; 2) one of the foreground objects has positive disparity, while the other one has negative disparity. The experimental results and relative regression analysis provide appropriate relationship between disparity distribution and visual comfort for both conditions, which is significant to meet the applicant field in S3 D content acquisition, display adjustment and quality evaluation.

Visual comfort is affected by urban colorscape tones in hazy weather

PeopLe＇s visual perception and recognition of urban coLorscape tones change significantly in hazy weather. A psychoLogicaL experiment is conducted in this study to investigate visual comfort related to commercial and residential buildings. Visual observations are performed on the tones of an urban coLorscape during hazy weather and air poLLution in Harbin, China. Fifty-eight color samples selected through an orthogonaL method are evaluated through a Ukert scale by 30 subjects in a Laboratory setting. Statistical analysis is performed with the maximal information coefficient and R Language. Experimental results show that the changing threshold values of color tones are related to the visual comfort LeveLs of the subjects. The influence of the three factors of color tones on visual comfort Level is reLativeLy independent, and the effects of value and chroma contrast on color comfort Level are greater than that of hue contrast in hazy weather. Furthermore, the comfort recognition threshold values of color tones in hazy weather are determined through data comparisons and analyses.

A measurable evaluation method of visual comfort in underground space by intelligent sorting and classification algorithms

Based on human perception and machine learning methods,this study proposes a measurable method for evaluating visual comfort in underground spaces.First,a comfort evaluation index based on the characteristics of human visual perception is proposed,and color features and segmentation extraction methods for intelligent methods are given.Then,using probability statistics and machine learning methods,a multi-class intelligent sorting and classification algorithm for ranking visual comfort levels is constructed and a comparison is made of the suitability of different intelligent methods for evaluating visual comfort.The random forest algorithm is then selected as the most effective measurable intelligent evaluation algorithm for underground spaces.Finally,the proposed method is compared to intelligent methods employed by previous research,and a case study,the Wujiaochang underground space in Shanghai,China,is applied as the background.Results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the quantification and refinement of human perception and evaluation of comfort in underground spaces;this method will also be useful in computer-aided generative design in the future.

Bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade:Using dynamic transitory-sensitive area to improve multiple occupants’visual comfort

The architectural form of the façade determines its identity as well as interactions with micro-climate forces of the ambient environment,such as solar radiation.The dynamic nature of daylight and occupants’positions can cause some issues such as heat gains and visual discomfort,which need to be controlled in real-time operation.Improving daylight performance and preventing visual discomfort for multiple occupants simultaneously is challenging.However,integrating the biomimicry principles of morphological adaptation with dynamic,complex fenestration,and human-in-loop systems can lead us to find an optimal solution.This research builds on relevant literature study,biomimicry morphological approaches,and parametric simulations,to develop a bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade for improving multiple occupants’visual comfort simultaneously,inspired by plant’s stomata movement and behavior principles.Learning from the transitory stage and hunting new position of stomata’s patchy patterns,leads us to identify the dynamic transitory-sensitive area of attraction point on the façade that is triggered by the dynamic sun-timing position and multiple occupants.The annual climate-based metrics and luminance-based metric simulation results of 810 bioinspired interactive kinetic façade alternatives prove that the elastic-deformable-complexkinetic form triggered by the dynamic transitory-sensitive area can improve the visual comfort of multiple occupants simultaneously.In particular,the bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade with grid division 8x1 displays extraordinary daylight performance for south direction that prevents visual discomfort by keeping cases in the imperceptible range while providing an adequate average Spatial Daylight Autonomy of 60.5%,Useful Daylight illuminance of 90.47%,and Exceed Useful Daylight illuminance of 2.94%.

IDENTIFYING OCCUPANTS’APPROPRIATE SEATING POSITION AND VIEW DIRECTION IN OFFICE BUILDINGS:A STOCHASTIC SHADE CONTROL BASED MULTI-OBJECTIVE VISUAL COMFORT OPTIMIZATION

Manually operated solar shades have a significant impact on indoor visual comfort.This research investigates occupants’appropriate seating position and view direction in a west-facing office cell using a previously developed shade behavior model.The non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II)based Multi-objective optimization was adopted to identify the optimal and near optimal solutions.Daylight and glare index were used as two visual comfort objectives for optimization and robustness of optimization results against shade behavior uncertainty that was analyzed using statistical analysis.Results show that near optimal solutions can be used instead of the optimal one since they provide more flexibility in seating positions while maintaining almost the same visual comfort performance.And thus,the appropriate seating position considering occupants’preference is 1.5m away from the external window with two view directions near parallel to the window for west-facing office rooms.

Design Strategies Applied to Classroom's Daylight Design Optimization of Classrooms Design

This paper explains how the optimized classrooms were selected and the results that were achieved by the optimizations carried out and finalized.The context of the research is the city of Concepción,in Chile.Virtual models of classrooms were evaluated using the Radiance software.We used a methodology that allowed us to determine the luminous conditions under different types of skies,seasons of the year and times of the day.The evaluation of the typologies was performed based on three defined criteria,in order to achieve the stated design objectives.We defined the optimal solutions for each orientation and,finally,we stated design recommendations for daylit classrooms to ensure the visual comfort of the students.These recommendations link all that found in the initial analysis with that found in the optimization stage.

LENTIS Comfort Toric人工晶状体植入术后视觉质量分析

目的:探讨白内障手术中植入LENTIS Comfort Toric人工晶状体后的视觉质量。方法:回顾性对照临床研究,收集数字化导航辅助下白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术患者40例40眼,植入LENTIS Comfort Toric(MF15T)人工晶状体为A组(24眼),植入单焦点Toric人工晶状体为B组(16眼);观察术后3mo不同距离视力、术后散光质心值、脱镜率、离焦曲线变化以及人工晶状体稳定性等。结果:两组患者术后均无严重并发症出现,两组术后3mo远视力无差异(P>0.05);A组中视力、近视力明显优于B组(P<0.01);A组术后脱镜率为99%,B组为45%(P<0.05);两组术后3mo散光质心值均较术前改善,但组间无差异(P>0.05);术后3mo A组离焦曲线于+0.50、-1.75D分别出现峰值,形成平台并平缓下降,B组于+0.25、-0.25D出现峰值后呈陡峭趋势下降。术后1d A组出现1眼(4%)人工晶状体轴位旋转大于10°;B组出现6眼(38%)人工晶状体轴位旋转大于10°,2眼(33%)顺时针旋转,4眼(67%)逆时针旋转;两组均无人工晶状体移位发生。结论:两种人工晶状体均可矫正散光,其中LENTIS Comfort Toric人工晶状体能为白内障合并散光人群提供个性化的选择,可同时解决散光和获得全程视力,术后光学干扰发生率低,稳定性更好,视觉质量及满意度高。

基于扫视路径速度的隧道入口驾驶舒适性分析

为了更准确地评价公路隧道入口段驾驶员的视觉舒适性,以隧道入口段的驾驶员视觉特性为研究对象,在云南上鹤高速公路的野鸭塘1号、2号和3号隧道开展实车试验,采集驾驶员的注视与扫视时间、视点位置、瞳孔直径等眼动参数,并依次对20名驾驶员进行问卷调查。基于试验数据和问卷调查结果,提出扫视路径速度指标并验证其合理性。结果表明:扫视路径速度能够有效地对隧道入口段的驾驶视觉舒适性进行评价;当隧道照明条件相同时,新型蓄能反光发光材料能够使驾驶员的平均扫视路径速度降低50.62%,峰值扫视路径速度降低40.32%。通过对视觉舒适指标的关联性分析,进一步表明:扫视路径速度与驾驶员的视觉舒适性呈反比关系;随着隧道入口光环境质量的提高,驾驶员的扫视时间占比增加,进而扫视所用时间变长,扫视路径速度减慢,此时驾驶员的视觉舒适性较高有利于安全行驶,反之则不利于行车安全。

Comfort in observing stereoscopic images reduced by vibration stimuli

Numerous studies have been conducted to illuminate the effect of image factors to reduce unexpected influence of stereoscopic images on healthy visual experience. In this paper, we introduce changes in the psychological and physiological indexes of observers of a stereo- scopic image disturbed by vibration stimuli. Forty-four healthy university students participated in the experiment. A programmable vibration table generated two types of vibrations (5 Hz and 20 Hz) and provided intermittent vibration stimuli to a stereoscopic projector installed on a vibration table. Our results showed that the frequency of vibration stimuli has a strong impact in evaluating the local comfort of subjects. Our results also showed that the indexes of visual fatigue increased after observation independent of the frequency. The activity status of the autonomic nervous system as a physiological index significantly increased after observing 3D images with vibration stimuli although the vibrational frequency did not have a significant effect on the activity status.

基于虚拟现实的体育场馆光环境视觉舒适研究——以篮球场地为例

《体育场馆照明设计及检测标准》(JGJ 153—2016)规定的参数主要面向比赛场地电视转播需求,对于现场人员的视觉舒适感受仅通过眩光指数GR约束.“明暗对比”也是影响视觉舒适的重要因素,但目前针对体育场馆光环境的明暗对比度尚不明确.基于此,提出以明暗对比度对运动员及观众的视觉舒适感受影响为研究对象,以篮球场地为例,采用虚拟现实技术,通过改变比赛场地与观众席区域的明暗对比,探究不同光环境及观察位置下人的视觉舒适感受变化规律.针对探究结果,提出采用基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的照明逆设计方法,营造考虑视觉舒适前后的体育场馆光环境,完成了视觉舒适评价实验.结果表明,当观众席与比赛场地主摄像机方向垂直照度比例0.3~0.5时,观众及运动员能获得比较舒适的视觉感受,当该比例为0.4时,视觉感受最舒适.照明设计加入该条件后,有约80%的受试者视觉舒适感受得到了明显提升,验证了在体育场馆照明设计中加入所提舒适条件的合理性,对体育场馆照明设计具有一定借鉴意义.

视觉环境影响手机屏幕视觉表现的研究综述

随着手机的迅速普及,其使用时长、频次及场景均有显著增长。不同的视觉环境对视觉感知产生差异化的影响,进而导致不同的视觉表现。长期在不适宜的视觉环境下使用手机,会加大人眼视觉负荷,对手机屏幕的视觉呈现效果及人眼健康构成潜在威胁。因此,深入探讨手机使用时的视觉环境因素,对于提升手机屏幕的视觉表现具有重要意义。基于此,本文回顾了已有文献中的研究,凝练了视觉环境中各要素的概念特性,并从光环境和手机视觉界面两个维度出发,系统梳理了视觉环境对视觉舒适度、视觉疲劳以及视觉功效的影响机制。通过梳理发现虽然研究对象已由单一环境参数逐步拓展到多环境参数的交互研究,但现有研究在周边视野和亮度感知等方面仍存在局限,在一定程度上制约了对视觉环境与手机屏幕视觉表现之间复杂关系的全面理解。因此,本文结合当前手机使用场景的多样性和光环境测量技术的最新进展,提出研究新趋势,为未来研究提供新的视角,推动相关研究更加全面和深入地发展。

运动人因视角下体育馆光环境评价预测模型研究

体育馆光环境设计直接影响运动者的舒适水平。为探究运动者对天然光环境的舒适需求反馈,本文基于主观调查与客观生理测量的互证方法,确定运动者光环境评价影响因素,利用神经网络算法构建以运动人因健康为导向的体育馆光环境评价预测模型,并结合遗传算法优化迭代得出适宜全民健身的体育馆天然光环境视觉舒适亮度阈值。

ipRGC感知照度对图像视觉效应与舒适度的影响

本世纪初发现的新型感光细胞ipRGC不仅参与生理节律等非视觉效应调节,对视觉效应也有调节作用。但ipRGC对显示图像视觉效应的影响程度尚不明确。现有显示系统均是基于视锥感光细胞特性设计的,综合评估ipRGC感知照度的视觉效应影响对图像处理技术的发展和图像显示质量的提升具有重要意义。搭建了可独立调控ipRGC感知照度的多基色显示系统,实现不同ipRGC感知照度实验图像优化,采用主观评价与客观信号测量相结合的方法探究显示图像ipRGC感知照度对视觉效应与舒适度的影响。结果表明,感知亮度随显示图像ipRGC感知照度增加而增加,提升显示图像ipRGC感知照度有利于减少观看图像所产生的视觉不适。

结合视觉舒适度的无参考立体视频稳像效果评价

立体视频稳像效果评价是评价立体视频稳像算法性能的有效途径.针对当前缺乏立体视频稳像效果客观评价方法的问题,提出一种结合视觉舒适度的无参考立体视频稳像效果评价方法.将立体视频稳像前后的运动平滑度和视觉舒适度变化作为视频稳像前后的变化特征,结合主观评价训练得到立体视频稳像效果评价的支持向量回归模型;回归模型通过学习立体视频稳像前后的变化特征与主观评价结果之间的关系,最终获得直接评价任意立体视频稳像效果的能力.使用收集的55条仿真视频训练模型,并在10条真实视频上进行实验的结果表明,所提方法的稳定性较好,在视频量达到180条时,模型的评价结果趋于稳定,且模型评价结果与主观评价结果相关性达到93%,可用于立体视频稳像效果的客观评价.

体育建筑天然采光舒适性评价研究现状

本文首先对体育建筑的相关定义及相关政策进行了阐述,对体育建筑的特性进行分析,最后归纳总结了体育建筑天然采光常用的评价指标。通过梳理了国内外相关文献,对于国内外体育建筑天然光环境的理论研究进行分析,对体育建筑天然采光视觉舒适性评价实验的研究方法进行分类整理,并分析其实验结果与技术手段,最后探讨体育建筑天然光环境的未来研究重点和发展方向,为体育建筑的深入研究打下了一定的基础。

基于多目标优化的中学多媒体教室视觉舒适度研究

随着国家大力推动,教育数字化和信息化在教育发展中处于愈加的重要位置。全国中学互联网接入率显著提升,多媒体教室被广泛应用,但是目前大部分多媒体教室仅是加入了交互式电子白板的传统教室。由于按照传统教室的照明规范设计,当教室新增了视看对象电子白板时,会导致学生对当前多媒体教室光环境的视觉舒适度降低。通过大量的调研实测研究,本文对影响中学多媒体教室视觉舒适度的因素进行了评价,并确定了评价要素。并通过构建结构方程模型(Structural Equation Modeling,SEM)和运用AMOS软件,对影响中学交互式电子白板多媒体教室视觉舒适的因素及其相互关系进行分析。最终得出以下三项优化的重点:电子白板屏幕亮度、黑板灯照度和教室整体照度均匀度,以提高中学多媒体教室视觉舒适度。旨在为教育者和设计师提供参考,创造一个视觉舒适、高效学习的多媒体教室照明环境。

新型热防护材料研究进展

为分析热防护材料领域研究现状和未来发展趋势,文章采用信息可视化、网络分析的研究方法,以Web of Science(WOS)数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库中近30年(1993年1月—2023年6月)热防护材料相关的文献作为数据来源绘制可视化信息图谱,对发文量、发文国家地区和机构、研究方向、核心作者、关键词等元素逐一进行分析,剖析热防护材料研究领域的发展动态、研究热点及前沿趋势。结果显示,美国、中国为主要研究国家,在该领域居重要地位;LI J(Li Jun)、SONG G W(Song Guowen)、SU Y(Su Yun)、LU Y H(Lu Yehu)、王云仪、朱方龙等作者为该领域的核心作者,在热应激、热防护服的研究中具有重要影响力;热防护服的热防护性与传热机制、人体的热生理与热舒适为活跃的研究主题与研究热点;相变材料、气凝胶、形状记忆织物、蜂窝夹芯织物、三维间隔织物为当前的研究热点材料,新型热防护材料的研发、服装内部结构的优化是未来研究中有效应对热应激的解决方法,是兼顾热防护服的热防护与热舒适平衡的重要途径。

日照光强度对办公空间天然采光环境不舒适眩光指标参量的干预研究

办公空间天然采光环境下的不舒适眩光评价指标由饱和效应参量和对比效应参量组成,两类参量与不舒适眩光感知间的关联决定指标整体预测精度。然而学术界在两类参量与不舒适眩光之间的关联上未达成共识,进而影响眩光评价指标的选择。既有研究曾表明视野范围内日照光强度影响眩光评价指标的准度。本文借助办公空间相关主观问卷实验和方差分析,在日照光强度大于和小于1000 lx两种情况下对常用的饱和效应和对比效应参量展开关联分析。本研究确定了既有眩光评价指标中饱和效应和对比效应参量在不同日光强度下的眩光不舒适预测差异性,验证了日照强度对于眩光不舒适指标评价准确性的影响,为天然采光眩光不舒适评价指标在不同场景上的应用提供了指导参考。

办公椅舒适性研究现状可视化分析

目的了解国内外办公椅舒适性研究现状,明确国内办公椅舒适性研究的不足与空白部分,以明确未来的重点研究方向,预测国内外研究趋势。方法以中国知网中的中文数据和Web of science核心合集中的英文数据作为数据来源,利用Cite Space和VOSviewer软件对国内外文献数据中的关键词进行可视化分析,基于分析结果从研究热点和研究历程两个方面梳理国内外研究现状,并横纵向对比国内外研究状况以找到国内研究的不足之处。结论办公椅舒适性研究是办公椅研究领域的热点;国内办公椅舒适性研究起步晚于国外约20年,且每个研究阶段落后国外约10年。国外该领域研究时间长,研究范围广,国内在热舒适性、能量节约、身体不适等研究方面有所欠缺,未来应重点研究;未来办公椅舒适性研究极可能向结合人工智能的方向发展,基于神经网络、机器学习、深度学习的研究是未来发展的热点。

广播级VR视频拍摄工艺流程及技术要求

VR视频技术经过多年的发展,前端采集设备的整体性能已有大幅度提高,也有越来越多的内容制作机构选择VR视频这种新型节目制作方式,但在实际拍摄时,VR视频拍摄工艺制作流程和各环节要求还未统一,本文基于此角度进行了广播级VR视频拍摄工艺流程的梳理,并对各环节关键技术要求进行了规范性约定。