The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information.This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computation...The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information.This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computational model that uses viewing distance,viewing angle,and viewing field as variables.The model is utilized to measure a range of visual environmental properties,including privacy,accessibility,permeability,and visibility,which reflect the quality of bedrooms in nursing homes.The suitability levels of bedroom planes for the elderly and their main living functions as well as the fitting degree of the functional layout are calculated based on these data.After validating the computational moders feasibility,this study optimizes the typical schemes of single and double rooms in nursing homes.Results reveal certain advantages of the arrangement where bathroom doors are set toward the inside of the bedroom and double rooms have a large width.The computational model can be used in measuring the spatial quality of bedrooms in nursing homes and as a mathematical model for related algorithm design and software programming to assist in the design and optimization of bedrooms for the elderly.展开更多
Geographical information systems (GIS) are often used to design environmental justice (EJ) policy interventions. Leveraging GIS and other graphics, overburdened EJ communities can learn from maps that geographically l...Geographical information systems (GIS) are often used to design environmental justice (EJ) policy interventions. Leveraging GIS and other graphics, overburdened EJ communities can learn from maps that geographically link environmental burden (EB) and social disparity (SD) data. Visually representing EB and SD data concretizes the unjust distributions of environmental and broader inequitable societal policies. These maps can be used to efficaciously assess EJ disparities created by such policies through exploring socioeconomic characteristics with local communities. Given the great variation in how GIS EJ applications measure and visualize EB and SD, we present a community-based participatory design (CBPD) lens to collaboratively work across overburdened communities and support making EJ data accessible to all stakeholders. Our location proximity approach is a powerful way to assess overburdened EJ communities because it relies on user-predefined boundaries, and it doesn’t use a single fixed unit of reference to prioritize areas of intervention. Moreover, most areal unit applications use ordinal measures, such as percentiles, and multidimensional indexes, which are intelligible to understand by many residents. Leveraging a community-based participatory design methodology, we present our novel Proximity to Hazards Dashboard (PHD) that includes data on asphalt plants and industrial corridors, hazards often missing from state-level dashboards but very relevant for city policymaking, as well as more traditionally used environmental hazard sources. The use of the tool by policymakers and community members suggests that EJ categorization should focus less on procedural benchmarks and more on systemic change for policy impacts in ways that sustain the participatory nature of our approach.展开更多
With long-term marine surveys and research,and especially with the development of new marine environment monitoring technologies,prodigious amounts of complex marine environmental data are generated,and continuously i...With long-term marine surveys and research,and especially with the development of new marine environment monitoring technologies,prodigious amounts of complex marine environmental data are generated,and continuously increase rapidly.Features of these data include massive volume,widespread distribution,multiple-sources,heterogeneous,multi-dimensional and dynamic in structure and time.The present study recommends an integrative visualization solution for these data,to enhance the visual display of data and data archives,and to develop a joint use of these data distributed among different organizations or communities.This study also analyses the web services technologies and defines the concept of the marine information gird,then focuses on the spatiotemporal visualization method and proposes a process-oriented spatiotemporal visualization method.We discuss how marine environmental data can be organized based on the spatiotemporal visualization method,and how organized data are represented for use with web services and stored in a reusable fashion.In addition,we provide an original visualization architecture that is integrative and based on the explored technologies.In the end,we propose a prototype system of marine environmental data of the South China Sea for visualizations of Argo floats,sea surface temperature fields,sea current fields,salinity,in-situ investigation data,and ocean stations.An integration visualization architecture is illustrated on the prototype system,which highlights the process-oriented temporal visualization method and demonstrates the benefit of the architecture and the methods described in this study.展开更多
抗生素与内分泌干扰物是近些年全球广泛关注的新污染物。基于中国知网和Web of Science数据库检索河流中抗生素与内分泌干扰物环境行为的研究动态,使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件进行文献计量学分析。结果表明:2000—2022年共发表该研究...抗生素与内分泌干扰物是近些年全球广泛关注的新污染物。基于中国知网和Web of Science数据库检索河流中抗生素与内分泌干扰物环境行为的研究动态,使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件进行文献计量学分析。结果表明:2000—2022年共发表该研究领域相关文献2085篇,包括399篇中文和1686篇英文文献,年发文量呈上升趋势且在过去5年迅速增长。英文文献涉及全球96个国家和2022所研究机构,中国和美国的国际表现力较为突出,发文量分别为773和251篇,其中中国科学院大学发文量位居第一且与国内外机构合作紧密。发文的期刊以环境科学类为主,多学科交叉融合,其中中英文期刊分别以《环境科学》和Science of the Total Environment发文量最多。关键词聚类与时区图谱表明,该领域当前以区域性研究为主,双酚A、壬基酚、有机氯农药等内分泌干扰物与四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类等抗生素在河流中的污染特征研究较为广泛,而针对激素类内分泌干扰物的研究仍不充分,污染物在河流中的迁移、转化、去除等机理研究是当前主要方向。突现词结果表明,过去20年该领域研究可分为3个阶段,早期研究以分析方法和河流中赋存特征等污染调查为主,中期研究以探究污染物的运移归趋为主,近年来研究由生态风险评估转向河流水生态健康管理服务,发展符合区域特征的污染物管控策略与去除技术是当前热点和未来趋势。此外,由抗生素污染衍生的耐药性问题引起全球关注,抗生素抗性基因的产生和传播机制及生态与健康风险也是当前热点和未来关注的重点。展开更多
为探究微塑料的研究现状、热点及趋势,以Web of Science核心合集数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库为数据来源,利用CiteSpace等软件绘制作者及机构共现网络图谱、区域分布特征图谱、关键词共现网络图谱和参考文献共被引图谱等,对环境微塑料...为探究微塑料的研究现状、热点及趋势,以Web of Science核心合集数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库为数据来源,利用CiteSpace等软件绘制作者及机构共现网络图谱、区域分布特征图谱、关键词共现网络图谱和参考文献共被引图谱等,对环境微塑料尤其是土壤微塑料的研究现状及热点进行可视化分析。结果表明:微塑料研究自2016年开始逐步加强,其中土壤微塑料的研究热度在2021—2022年迅速上升;对于土壤微塑料,丰度分布、污染机制和健康风险等是当前研究的热点;完善土壤微塑料检测方法体系,探寻合适的土壤微塑料污染治理和管控方法及对策,对于维护生态安全和保障人体健康具有重要意义。展开更多
Monitoring techniques are a key technology for examining the conditions in various scenarios, e.g., structural conditions, weather conditions, and disasters. In order to understand such scenarios, the appropriate extr...Monitoring techniques are a key technology for examining the conditions in various scenarios, e.g., structural conditions, weather conditions, and disasters. In order to understand such scenarios, the appropriate extraction of their features from observation data is important. This paper proposes a monitoring method that allows sound environments to be expressed as a sound pattern. To this end, the concept of synesthesia is exploited. That is, the keys, tones, and pitches of the monitored sound are expressed using the three elements of color, that is, the hue, saturation, and brightness, respectively. In this paper, it is assumed that the hue, saturation, and brightness can be detected from the chromagram, sonogram, and sound spectrogram, respectively, based on a previous synesthesia experiment. Then, the sound pattern can be drawn using color, yielding a “painted sound map.” The usefulness of the proposed monitoring technique is verified using environmental sound data observed at a galleria.展开更多
全球正面临严重的水资源危机,有效的水环境治理手段是地区可持续发展的关键。环境规制作为其中一个重要的治理手段已被越来越多的学者研究,该研究领域目前已取得不少成果,对该领域现有文献进行系统的梳理,可为后续研究提供科学依据。基...全球正面临严重的水资源危机,有效的水环境治理手段是地区可持续发展的关键。环境规制作为其中一个重要的治理手段已被越来越多的学者研究,该研究领域目前已取得不少成果,对该领域现有文献进行系统的梳理,可为后续研究提供科学依据。基于CiteSpace软件,对Web of Science (WoS)数据库和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中所提取的2002—2021年水环境规制研究文献进行可视化知识图谱分析。结果表明:1)水环境规制研究领域WoS数据库文献研究起步早且发展迅速,而CNKI数据库文献研究发展较为落后;总体上该领域作者合作较少,仅核心作者间存在紧密的合作网络。2)目前研究重点为以政府管制为主的命令型水环境规制,而对以市场和公众为主导的市场激励型和隐性环境规制涉及较少。研究热点主要为水资源质量和数量规制、外部环境不确定性对水环境规制的影响以及水资源管理方法的改进。3)从研究趋势来看,水污染、水安全问题的改善是该领域持续关注的内容。未来一段时间水资源再生利用问题将是国内外水环境规制研究的热点。展开更多
基金This research received support from the “Research into Basic Space Design Parameters of Disabled Elderly Care in Severe Cold Region on the Basis of Behavioral Experiment”(E2018029)Natural Science Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province of China.
文摘The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information.This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computational model that uses viewing distance,viewing angle,and viewing field as variables.The model is utilized to measure a range of visual environmental properties,including privacy,accessibility,permeability,and visibility,which reflect the quality of bedrooms in nursing homes.The suitability levels of bedroom planes for the elderly and their main living functions as well as the fitting degree of the functional layout are calculated based on these data.After validating the computational moders feasibility,this study optimizes the typical schemes of single and double rooms in nursing homes.Results reveal certain advantages of the arrangement where bathroom doors are set toward the inside of the bedroom and double rooms have a large width.The computational model can be used in measuring the spatial quality of bedrooms in nursing homes and as a mathematical model for related algorithm design and software programming to assist in the design and optimization of bedrooms for the elderly.
文摘Geographical information systems (GIS) are often used to design environmental justice (EJ) policy interventions. Leveraging GIS and other graphics, overburdened EJ communities can learn from maps that geographically link environmental burden (EB) and social disparity (SD) data. Visually representing EB and SD data concretizes the unjust distributions of environmental and broader inequitable societal policies. These maps can be used to efficaciously assess EJ disparities created by such policies through exploring socioeconomic characteristics with local communities. Given the great variation in how GIS EJ applications measure and visualize EB and SD, we present a community-based participatory design (CBPD) lens to collaboratively work across overburdened communities and support making EJ data accessible to all stakeholders. Our location proximity approach is a powerful way to assess overburdened EJ communities because it relies on user-predefined boundaries, and it doesn’t use a single fixed unit of reference to prioritize areas of intervention. Moreover, most areal unit applications use ordinal measures, such as percentiles, and multidimensional indexes, which are intelligible to understand by many residents. Leveraging a community-based participatory design methodology, we present our novel Proximity to Hazards Dashboard (PHD) that includes data on asphalt plants and industrial corridors, hazards often missing from state-level dashboards but very relevant for city policymaking, as well as more traditionally used environmental hazard sources. The use of the tool by policymakers and community members suggests that EJ categorization should focus less on procedural benchmarks and more on systemic change for policy impacts in ways that sustain the participatory nature of our approach.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX1-YW-12-04)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Nos.2009AA12Z148,2007AA092202)Support for this study was provided by the Institute of Geographical Sciences and the Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science (IGSNRR,CAS) and the Institute of Oceanology, CAS
文摘With long-term marine surveys and research,and especially with the development of new marine environment monitoring technologies,prodigious amounts of complex marine environmental data are generated,and continuously increase rapidly.Features of these data include massive volume,widespread distribution,multiple-sources,heterogeneous,multi-dimensional and dynamic in structure and time.The present study recommends an integrative visualization solution for these data,to enhance the visual display of data and data archives,and to develop a joint use of these data distributed among different organizations or communities.This study also analyses the web services technologies and defines the concept of the marine information gird,then focuses on the spatiotemporal visualization method and proposes a process-oriented spatiotemporal visualization method.We discuss how marine environmental data can be organized based on the spatiotemporal visualization method,and how organized data are represented for use with web services and stored in a reusable fashion.In addition,we provide an original visualization architecture that is integrative and based on the explored technologies.In the end,we propose a prototype system of marine environmental data of the South China Sea for visualizations of Argo floats,sea surface temperature fields,sea current fields,salinity,in-situ investigation data,and ocean stations.An integration visualization architecture is illustrated on the prototype system,which highlights the process-oriented temporal visualization method and demonstrates the benefit of the architecture and the methods described in this study.
文摘抗生素与内分泌干扰物是近些年全球广泛关注的新污染物。基于中国知网和Web of Science数据库检索河流中抗生素与内分泌干扰物环境行为的研究动态,使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件进行文献计量学分析。结果表明:2000—2022年共发表该研究领域相关文献2085篇,包括399篇中文和1686篇英文文献,年发文量呈上升趋势且在过去5年迅速增长。英文文献涉及全球96个国家和2022所研究机构,中国和美国的国际表现力较为突出,发文量分别为773和251篇,其中中国科学院大学发文量位居第一且与国内外机构合作紧密。发文的期刊以环境科学类为主,多学科交叉融合,其中中英文期刊分别以《环境科学》和Science of the Total Environment发文量最多。关键词聚类与时区图谱表明,该领域当前以区域性研究为主,双酚A、壬基酚、有机氯农药等内分泌干扰物与四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类等抗生素在河流中的污染特征研究较为广泛,而针对激素类内分泌干扰物的研究仍不充分,污染物在河流中的迁移、转化、去除等机理研究是当前主要方向。突现词结果表明,过去20年该领域研究可分为3个阶段,早期研究以分析方法和河流中赋存特征等污染调查为主,中期研究以探究污染物的运移归趋为主,近年来研究由生态风险评估转向河流水生态健康管理服务,发展符合区域特征的污染物管控策略与去除技术是当前热点和未来趋势。此外,由抗生素污染衍生的耐药性问题引起全球关注,抗生素抗性基因的产生和传播机制及生态与健康风险也是当前热点和未来关注的重点。
文摘为探究微塑料的研究现状、热点及趋势,以Web of Science核心合集数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库为数据来源,利用CiteSpace等软件绘制作者及机构共现网络图谱、区域分布特征图谱、关键词共现网络图谱和参考文献共被引图谱等,对环境微塑料尤其是土壤微塑料的研究现状及热点进行可视化分析。结果表明:微塑料研究自2016年开始逐步加强,其中土壤微塑料的研究热度在2021—2022年迅速上升;对于土壤微塑料,丰度分布、污染机制和健康风险等是当前研究的热点;完善土壤微塑料检测方法体系,探寻合适的土壤微塑料污染治理和管控方法及对策,对于维护生态安全和保障人体健康具有重要意义。
基金supported by Beijing Tongzhou District Science and Technology Innovation Talent Foundation(No.JCQN2023030)National Science Foundation of China(No.42274037)+1 种基金Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2022Z022051001)Beijing Wuzi University Youth Research Foundation(No.2022XJQN22)。
文摘Monitoring techniques are a key technology for examining the conditions in various scenarios, e.g., structural conditions, weather conditions, and disasters. In order to understand such scenarios, the appropriate extraction of their features from observation data is important. This paper proposes a monitoring method that allows sound environments to be expressed as a sound pattern. To this end, the concept of synesthesia is exploited. That is, the keys, tones, and pitches of the monitored sound are expressed using the three elements of color, that is, the hue, saturation, and brightness, respectively. In this paper, it is assumed that the hue, saturation, and brightness can be detected from the chromagram, sonogram, and sound spectrogram, respectively, based on a previous synesthesia experiment. Then, the sound pattern can be drawn using color, yielding a “painted sound map.” The usefulness of the proposed monitoring technique is verified using environmental sound data observed at a galleria.
文摘全球正面临严重的水资源危机,有效的水环境治理手段是地区可持续发展的关键。环境规制作为其中一个重要的治理手段已被越来越多的学者研究,该研究领域目前已取得不少成果,对该领域现有文献进行系统的梳理,可为后续研究提供科学依据。基于CiteSpace软件,对Web of Science (WoS)数据库和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中所提取的2002—2021年水环境规制研究文献进行可视化知识图谱分析。结果表明:1)水环境规制研究领域WoS数据库文献研究起步早且发展迅速,而CNKI数据库文献研究发展较为落后;总体上该领域作者合作较少,仅核心作者间存在紧密的合作网络。2)目前研究重点为以政府管制为主的命令型水环境规制,而对以市场和公众为主导的市场激励型和隐性环境规制涉及较少。研究热点主要为水资源质量和数量规制、外部环境不确定性对水环境规制的影响以及水资源管理方法的改进。3)从研究趋势来看,水污染、水安全问题的改善是该领域持续关注的内容。未来一段时间水资源再生利用问题将是国内外水环境规制研究的热点。
