Visual feedback therapy for restoration of upper limb function of stroke patients

Objective:To investigate the effects of mirror neuron theory-based visual feedback therapy(VFT)on restoration of upper limb function of stroke patients and motor-related cortical function using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods:Hemiplegic stroke patients were randomly divided into two groups:a VFT group and a control(CTL)group.Sixteen patients in the VFT group received conventional rehabilitation(CR)and VFT for 8 weeks,while 15 patients in the CTL group received only CR.The Barthel Index(BI)was used to assess the activities of daily living at baseline and the 8th week of the recovery training period.The Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA)scale,somatosensory evoked potential(SEP),and fMRI were used to evaluate the recovery effect of the training therapies.The latencies and amplitudes of N9 and N20 were measured.Before recovery training,fMRI was performed for all patients in the VFT and CTL groups.In addition,17 patients(9 in the VFT group and 8 in the CTL group)underwent fMRI for follow-up 2 months after treatment.Qualitative data were analyzed using the x2 test.The independent sample t-test was used to compare normally distributed data among different groups,the paired sample t-test was used to compare data between groups,and the non-parametric test was used to comparing data without normal distribution among groups.Results:There were no significant differences between the VFT and CTL group in all indexes.However,after 8 weeks of recovery training,these indexes were all significantly improved(P<0.05).As compared with the CTL group,the FMA scores,BI,and N9/N20 latencies and amplitudes of SEP in the VFT group were significantly improved(P<0.05).Two months after recovery training,fMRI showed that the degree of activation of the bilateral central anterior gyrus.parietal lobe,and auxiliary motor areas was significantly higher in the VFT group than the CTL group(P<0.05).Conclusions:VFT based on mirror neuron theory is an effective approach to improve upper extremity motor function and daily activity performance of stroke patients.The therapeutic mechanism promotes motor relearning by activating the mirror neuron system and motor cortex.SEP amplitudes increased only for patients who participated in visual feedback.VFT promotes sensory-motor plasticity and behavioral changes in both the motor and sensory domains.

Method for Latency Measurement of Visual Feedback-Based Master–Slave Minimally Invasive Surgical Robot

To measure the latency between human motion stimulation and stereo image display response in a visual feedback-based minimally invasive surgical(MIS) robotic system,a method was proposed by comparing the orientations of input and output events through image-processing technology. This method used a black bar to keep pace with the measured joint rotating at a number of speeds. During tests,an external camera was placed in front of the apparatus with a proper visual field,so that it can simultaneously view orientations of both bars fixed on the corresponding joints. After quantitatively analyzing the accuracy of the proposed measurement method,the method was applied to a visual feedback-based master–slave robotic system with two-degrees-of-freedom. Experimental results show that the latency of the overall system was approximately 250 ms,and the opposite clearance of the measured joint was in the range of 1.7°–1.9°.

Effects of combined rTMS and visual feedback on the rehabilitation of supernumerary phantom limbs in a patient with spinal cord injury:A case report

BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)caused by spinal cord injury(SCI)has previously been reported in several studies.However,the mechanisms and management of SPL in SCI patients are still not fully understood.Herein,we report a rare case of SPL in a patient with incomplete SCI.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old man complained of four hands 7 d after SCI.He was diagnosed with SPL complicated with actual limb neuropathic pain.Following a period of treatment with neurotrophic agents and Chinese traditional and analgesic medications,SPL symptoms and actual limb pain did not improve.However,his symptoms gradually lessened after combined treatment with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),a promising neuromodulation technique,over the M1 cortex and visual feedback.After 7 wk of this treatment,SPL disappeared completely and actual limb pain was significantly relieved.CONCLUSION Cerebral plasticity changes may be a mechanism underlying the occurrence of non-painful SPL in SCI patients,and high-frequency rTMS applied to the M1 cortex could be a promising treatment method for SPL.

VFM： Visual Feedback Model for Robust Object Recognition

Object recognition, which consists of classification and detection, has two important attributes for robustness： 1） closeness： detection windows should be as close to object locations as possible, and 2） adaptiveness： object matching should be adaptive to object variations within an object class. It is difficult to satisfy both attributes using traditional methods which consider classification and detection separately; thus recent studies propose to combine them based on confidence contextualization and foreground modeling. However, these combinations neglect feature saliency and object structure, and biological evidence suggests that the feature saliency and object structure can be important in guiding the recognition from low level to high level. In fact, object recognition originates in the mechanism of ＂what＂ and ＂where＂ pathways in human visual systems. More importantly, these pathways have feedback to each other and exchange useful information, which may improve closeness and adaptiveness. Inspired by the visual feedback, we propose a robust object recognition framework by designing a computational visual feedback model （VFM） between classification and detection. In the ＂what＂ feedback, the feature saliency from classification is exploited to rectify detection windows for better closeness; while in the ＂where＂ feedback, object parts from detection are used to match object structure for better adaptiveness. Experimental results show that the ＂what＂ and ＂where＂ feedback is effective to improve closeness and adaptiveness for object recognition, and encouraging improvements are obtained on the challenging PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset.

Dynamic feedback robust stabilization of nonholonomic mobile robots based on visual servoing

This paper investigates the visual servoing robust stabilization of nonholonomic mobile robots. The calibration of visual parameters is not only complicated, but also needs great consumption of calculated time so that the accurate calibration is impossible in some situations for high requirement of real timing. Hence, it is interesting and important to consider the design of stabilizing controllers for nonholonomic kinematic systems with uncalibrated visual parameters. A novel uncertain model of these nonholonomic kinematic systems is proposed. Based on this model, a stabilizing controller is discussed by using dynamic feedback and two-step techniques. The proposed robust controller makes the mobile robot image pose and the orientation converge to the desired configuration despite the lack of depth information and the lack of precise visual parameters. The stability of the closed loop system is rigorously proved. The simulation is given to show the effectiveness of the presented controllers.

Improvement of Praxis Skills in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy by Using New Trend of Augmented Visual and Auditory Feedback Training: A Case Report

Aims: The aim of the study is to investigate if the new method of auditory and visual biofeedback as Upper Limb Exercise may improve praxis skills alone without any traditional physical therapy treatment or not and within three successive months of treatment in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: A 6-year-old hemiplegic cerebral palsied child was treated with Upper-Limb Exerciser as one of augmented visual and auditory feedback devices. Sensory Integration and Praxis test was used to measure a child’s ability to integrate sensory input for perception, motor planning, and spatial actions in;Space Visualization, Figure-Ground Perception, Standing and Walking Balance, Design Copying, Postural Praxis, Bilateral Motor Coordination, Constructional Praxis, Postrotary Nystagmus, Motor Accuracy, Sequencing Praxis, Oral Praxis, Manual Form Perception, Kinesthesia, Finger Identification, Graphethesia, Localization of Tactile Stimuli, and Praxis on Verbal Command. Results: The results revealed improvement of the major standard score for each of the 17 subtests of Sensory Integration and Praxis Test when compared after three successive treatment. Conclusion: The using upper limb exerciser as one method of augmented visual and auditory feedback can be used as one of the physical and occupational therapy programs aiming to improve praxis skills in hemiplegic cerebral palsied children.

经颅磁刺激结合镜像视觉反馈训练对脑卒中后偏侧忽略的改善效果

目的 探究经颅磁刺激联合镜像视觉反馈训练系统治疗脑卒中后偏侧忽略的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年1月-2022年12月就诊于上海市同仁医院康复科的脑卒中偏侧忽略患者60例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和联合组,各30例。对照组接受经颅磁刺激治疗,联合组接受经颅磁刺激联合镜像视觉反馈训练。治疗前及治疗4周后,比较两组蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表评分、中国行为性忽略测试-香港版(CBIT-HK)量表评分、凯瑟琳-波哥量表(CBS)评分及改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分。结果 治疗后,联合组MoCA评分、CBIT-HK评分、MBI评分均高于对照组(P<0.05),CBS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 经颅磁刺激联合镜像视觉反馈训练能更好地改善脑卒中后偏侧忽略。

可视化反馈促进自我调节学习的实验研究

建设终身学习型社会要求学习者具备更高的自我调节学习能力。这就要求教育不仅要教会学生知识,更要教会学生学习。然而,当前关于促进基础教育中学习者自我调节学习的研究较少,并且缺乏可以应用于线下课堂的实用工具,导致测评数据无法被深入解读。立足于基础教育课堂教学,设计开发促进学习者自我调节学习的可视化反馈工具,深入分析测评数据,挖掘其中蕴藏的有效信息。该工具提供包括自我认识、学习动机、学习策略三个维度的可视化反馈报告,将知识掌握情况、错题归因、试题定位等信息呈现给学习者,助力其自我调节学习的发生。为检验该工具的效果,在两个班级开展对比实验,对两组学生的自我调节学习能力和学习成绩进行差异性检验。独立样本T检验结果显示,实验班和对照班在自我调节学习能力和学习成绩之间均存在显著性差异,并且均呈现出0.4左右的效应量。证明该工具提供的可视化反馈报告能够有效促进学习者的自我调节学习,同时能够促进学业表现。

基于PSO-BP神经网络的分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪

针对分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪精度差、耗时较长的问题,研究基于粒子群算法-反向传播(particle swarm optimization-back propagation,PSO-BP)神经网络的分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪方法,以提升视觉反馈跟踪效果。依据分拣机器人的视觉反馈信息,建立分拣机器人运动学模型,并求解分拣机器人机械臂输出位置和输入位置的误差函数;利用PSO算法优化BP神经网络的权值与偏置;在权值与偏置优化后的BP神经网络内,输入误差函数,预测分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪控制量;利用预测视觉反馈跟踪控制量,在线调整增量式比例-积分-微分(proportional-integral-derivative,PID)的参数,输出高精度的分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪控制量,实现分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法可有效视觉反馈跟踪分拣机器人机械臂的关节角;存在干扰情况下,在运行时间为10 s左右时,阶跃响应趋于稳定;有干扰情况下,视觉反馈跟踪的平均误差为0.09 cm,耗时平均值为0.10 ms;无干扰情况下,平均误差为0.03 cm,耗时平均值为0.04 ms。

视觉反馈平衡训练对脑卒中后平衡与步态康复的研究进展

脑卒中后患者肢体功能障碍及并发症较多,预后不良,严重影响其生活质量。研究显示,视觉反馈平衡训练可通过视觉反馈、镜像神经元激活、中枢刺激易化神经通路等机制改善脑卒中患者的平衡与步态,在提高患者康复主动性及生存质量方面有积极意义。本文综述了视觉反馈平衡训练的作用原理,概括了该技术对脑卒中患者平衡与步态康复的作用机制,分析其研究现状及进展,以期为视觉反馈平衡训练方法的优化及脑卒中平衡与步态的康复提供新思路。

运动想象疗法联合视觉反馈训练在脑卒中偏瘫患者早期康复中的应用效果

目的:观察运动想象疗法联合视觉反馈训练在脑卒中偏瘫患者早期康复中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年3月—2022年6月于渭南市蒲城县医院接受康复训练的脑卒中偏瘫患者76例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为常规训练组与联合训练组,各38例。常规训练组接受常规训练,联合训练组在常规训练组基础上接受运动想象疗法联合视觉反馈训练。比较两组生活能力、肢体功能、平衡能力。结果:干预后,两组自主如厕、自主穿衣、自主洗澡、自主运动、自主进食评分升高,联合训练组高于常规训练组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,两组运动能力、协调能力、感觉能力、关节活动能力评分升高,联合训练组高于常规训练组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,两组站立平衡、坐卧平衡、上臂前伸平衡、闭眼站立平衡、转身平衡评分升高,联合训练组高于常规训练组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:运动想象疗法联合视觉反馈训练在脑卒中偏瘫患者早期康复中的应用效果显著,可提高患者生活能力、肢体功能、平衡能力。

基于双重反馈的水炮射流稳定系统

在海上执法的过程中,执法船只经常会遭遇风浪,而风浪带来的船体晃动会导致水炮晃动,使水炮射流无法准确命中目标。现有的水炮系统多采用单反馈控制方法,没有考虑到载体运动对水射流的干扰。为了减轻载体运动对水炮射流的干扰,本文提出了一种基于双重反馈的水炮射流稳定系统。该系统利用IMU采集载体运动姿态,利用自回归滑动平均模型对载体姿态进行补偿;利用摄像机采集射流落点信息,通过反向传播算法实时调整射流模型参数,并对水炮关节角度进行反馈调整。在智能水炮平台上的实验结果表明,采用双重反馈机制后,水炮的射击误差可有效降低33%以上。

缺乏位置信息的视觉移动机器人leader-following编队控制

针对视觉移动机器人编队在缺乏位置信息情况下的控制问题,提出一种基于视觉的leader-following编队反馈控制方法。该方法利用leader标志物特征点在follower摄像机像平面上的坐标信息设计了观测器,对leader与follower间的相对位置进行估计,基于相对位置估计量与它们速度的关系,设计出leader-following编队反馈控制器,通过Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,该控制方法能有效解决缺乏位置信息情况下视觉移动机器人编队的控制问题。

基于视觉反馈的姿势控制训练改善帕金森病患者平衡功能及日常生活活动能力的临床观察

目的:探讨基于视觉反馈的姿势控制训练对帕金森病患者的平衡功能及日常生活活动能力的影响。方法:纳入2018年1月至2021年12月于我院就诊的帕金森病患者60例,按照随机数字表法随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组接受常规的康复训练,试验组在对照组的基础上给予基于视觉反馈的动态平衡训练及核心肌群控制训练,共治疗8周。两组在治疗前、治疗8周后均进行Berg平衡量表(BBS)、起立-行走计时测试(timed“up and go”test,TUGT)及改良的Barthel指数(MBI)评定,并对两组患者的临床疗效及康复训练满意度进行分析比较。结果:治疗后,两组患者BBS[(49.00±1.97)vs.(44.77±1.78)]、TUGT[(10.17±2.31)vs.(13.67±2.26)]、MBI[(64.83±6.09)vs.(54.33±7.51)]评分均优于治疗前,具有显著性差异(P<0.05);与对照组比较,试验组BBS(49.00±1.97)、TUGT(10.17±2.31)、MBI(64.83±6.09)均优于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05);试验组患者康复训练效果满意度为93.33%,与对照组(70.00%)比较有显著性优势,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:常规康复训练能够改善帕金森病患者的平衡功能及日常生活活动能力,在此基础上,增加视觉反馈的姿势控制训练效果更显著,具有一定的临床推广价值。

虚拟现实技术联合视觉反馈训练对脑卒中偏瘫病人平衡及运动功能的影响

目的:探讨虚拟现实技术联合视觉反馈训练对脑卒中偏瘫病人平衡及运动功能的影响。方法:2021年8月—2022年8月选取104例脑卒中偏瘫病人为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组、对照组,每组52例,对照组行常规早期康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上实施虚拟现实技术联合视觉反馈训练,干预前后采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)、Fugl-Meyer运动能力量表(FMA)、功能性步行量表(FAC)、Barthel指数、脑卒中专用生活质量量表(SS-QOL)分别对两组病人的平衡功能、下肢运动功能、功能性步行、日常生活能力及生活质量进行评价。结果:干预后观察组病人BBS、FAC、FMA、Barthel指数及SS-QOL评分较对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:虚拟现实技术联合视觉反馈训练能有效改善脑卒中偏瘫病人下肢运动功能及步行功能,有助于提高病人生活质量。

稳定身体平衡--基于临床前庭检查技术视角的学习

本文讨论了如何通过学习临床前庭医学技术稳定身体平衡,特别是针对受前庭系统损害影响的人群。前庭康复训练的方法包括平衡器操纵、目标定向运动、机械振动和视觉反馈等,这些策略旨在刺激并促进前庭系统的重新适应。通过训练,可以帮助受影响的人群提高平衡能力,恢复日常生活功能,提升生活质量,更好地应对日常活动和工作的需求。因此,学习和掌握如何稳定身体平衡是一项非常重要的技能。

悬丝摆式加速度计底座组件自动装配与焊接控制

悬丝摆式加速度计具有小型化、大量程和抗冲击的特点,在航空航天领域得到广泛的应用。其底座与摆组件的精密装配,目前仍以人工装配为主,具有装配精度差、悬丝张紧力不易控制,人工焊接时焊接参数难以保证、焊点质量不佳等问题,导致产品的良品率较低。为此,研发了一套悬丝摆式加速度计底座组件自动装配与焊接设备。根据零件特点与装配环境,采用视觉与力觉反馈控制,实现底座与摆组件位姿和悬丝张紧力的自动调整。基于C++语言,开发了分层架构的控制软件。设计温度反馈控制的焊接工艺流程与焊接策略,并通过有限元仿真与焊接实验进行验证。实验结果表明:该设备可实现自动装配与焊接功能,底座组件的装配精度与焊接质量符合技术指标要求,提高了产品质量。

视觉反馈增强体育教学中的动作学习:系统性回顾

研究对体育教学中视觉反馈在动作学习中的应用进行了系统的文献回顾,对Web of Science(Web of Science Core Collection and Medline)、SCOPUS、EBSCO、ELSEVIER、PLOS ONE、ERIC、中国知网7个数据库中2010年~2020年的文献进行检索,在2568项初步检查的研究中,有15项符合选择和质量标准。目的是确定视觉反馈在大、中学体育教育中的动作学习方面是否有效,并调查由语言反馈支持的不同视觉反馈变量(专家建模和自我建模)是否比单独的语言反馈更有效。随后,对纳入研究的不同条件(如年龄、样本量、持续时间、观测变量、运动项目等)是否适合日常应用进行评估。基于视频的视觉反馈在体育教育中能有效地增强运动学习,而且比单纯的口头反馈更有效。动作视频反馈技术是全新、多样性、个性化的促进动作学习和表现的数字化教学、训练辅助手段,能够为体育教学提供积极的促进效益,有助于学习者在短时间内提高运动技能和自我评估能力,使其成为体育教学过程中的有利手段,以提升个人的学习经验。

家庭固定照顾者回授法照护在老年硬核性白内障术后患者中的应用效果

目的:观察家庭固定照顾者回授法照护在老年硬核性白内障术后患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月该院收治的92例老年硬核性白内障术后患者的临床资料,按照护理方法不同将其分为观察组和对照组各46例。对照组实施家庭固定照顾者常规照护,观察组在对照组基础上实施家庭固定照顾者回授法照护。比较两组照护前后患者视力水平、照顾者照护能力评分、患者健康行为[健康促进生活方式量表(HPLP-Ⅱ)]评分、不良事件发生率和照护满意度。结果:照护后,观察组患者视力水平、HPLP-Ⅱ评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组照顾者照护技能、照护知识评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良事件发生率为2.17%(1/46),低于对照组的19.57%(9/46),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组照护满意度为97.83%(45/46),高于对照组的78.26%(36/46),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:家庭固定照顾者回授法照护可提高老年硬核性白内障术后患者视力水平、HPLP-Ⅱ评分、照护满意度和照顾者照护能力评分,降低不良事件发生率,效果优于家庭固定照顾者常规照护。