AIM:To investigate the visual impact of sub-Tenon anesthesia during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery.METHODS:In this prospective case series, consecutive patients who underwent combined phacoemulsif...AIM:To investigate the visual impact of sub-Tenon anesthesia during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery.METHODS:In this prospective case series, consecutive patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) under sub-Tenon anesthesia between October 2008 and September 2009 were enrolled. The patients were asked whether they could see the light of the operating microscope or not between various surgical steps with their contralateral eye being covered.RESULTS:A total of 163 eyes of 163 patients were enrolled in this study. After their contralateral eyes were covered, 152(93.3%) patients said that they could not see any light at least during one of the surgical steps. All eyes recovered to at least light perception on the first postoperative day. The incidence of no light perception during the surgery was not related to demographic factors, including age, gender, or type of ocular diseases.CONCLUSION:The incidence of no light perception during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy under sub-Tenon anesthesia was high in our study.Patients should be duly informed about this temporary but potential intraoperative event.展开更多
This paper is a historical overview of the development of visual impact assessment (VIA) methodology as implemented by US Federal agencies from the 1960s until the current time. VIA methods are to be used as part of e...This paper is a historical overview of the development of visual impact assessment (VIA) methodology as implemented by US Federal agencies from the 1960s until the current time. VIA methods are to be used as part of environmental impact assessment for projects which could have significant impact on landscape aesthetics. Also included are methodological challenges with current large-scale renewable energy development in the US and Europe.展开更多
Dear Editor,We read with interest the article by Chen etaitlj on the visual impact of sub-Tenon anesthesia during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery. The authors reported that 93.3% of patients in the...Dear Editor,We read with interest the article by Chen etaitlj on the visual impact of sub-Tenon anesthesia during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery. The authors reported that 93.3% of patients in the study experienced loss of perception of light at least during one of the surgical steps after the contralateral eye was covered intraoperatively. Most of the patients （81%） reported losing light perception between 6min and 30min from the commencement of the surgery.展开更多
Quarrying of ornamental stone has adverse effects that are both visual and environmental. This paper aims to develop a methodology for minimising the costs associated with reducing the visual impact of ornamental ston...Quarrying of ornamental stone has adverse effects that are both visual and environmental. This paper aims to develop a methodology for minimising the costs associated with reducing the visual impact of ornamental stone quarrying. This study uses digital topographical maps of the study zone and a GPS and GIS application to calculate the extent of the area affected by quarrying activities for each altitude designated in the work plan and to calculate the extent of the potential visual impact. The results obtained applying the proposed methodology for the selected area suggested that the potential visual impact is minimal for an altitude of 520 metres, this being the optimal point for the observer. When altitude increases, the potential visual impact increases and the optimal point for the observer diminishes until the highest impact altitude (740 m) is readied. The optimal point that the exploitation should reach is that at which the values of the diagram generated by the (%) area of potential visual impact and area of exploitation (%) intersect. The methodology allows the optimal altitude to be determined for mining exploitations and helps assess the viability of a given exploitation from an environmental point of view.展开更多
基金Supported in part by Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province(No.2011B031800369)
文摘AIM:To investigate the visual impact of sub-Tenon anesthesia during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery.METHODS:In this prospective case series, consecutive patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) under sub-Tenon anesthesia between October 2008 and September 2009 were enrolled. The patients were asked whether they could see the light of the operating microscope or not between various surgical steps with their contralateral eye being covered.RESULTS:A total of 163 eyes of 163 patients were enrolled in this study. After their contralateral eyes were covered, 152(93.3%) patients said that they could not see any light at least during one of the surgical steps. All eyes recovered to at least light perception on the first postoperative day. The incidence of no light perception during the surgery was not related to demographic factors, including age, gender, or type of ocular diseases.CONCLUSION:The incidence of no light perception during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy under sub-Tenon anesthesia was high in our study.Patients should be duly informed about this temporary but potential intraoperative event.
文摘This paper is a historical overview of the development of visual impact assessment (VIA) methodology as implemented by US Federal agencies from the 1960s until the current time. VIA methods are to be used as part of environmental impact assessment for projects which could have significant impact on landscape aesthetics. Also included are methodological challenges with current large-scale renewable energy development in the US and Europe.
基金Supported by the National Healthcare Group Clinician Scientist Career Scheme Grant CSCS/12005
文摘Dear Editor,We read with interest the article by Chen etaitlj on the visual impact of sub-Tenon anesthesia during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery. The authors reported that 93.3% of patients in the study experienced loss of perception of light at least during one of the surgical steps after the contralateral eye was covered intraoperatively. Most of the patients （81%） reported losing light perception between 6min and 30min from the commencement of the surgery.
文摘Quarrying of ornamental stone has adverse effects that are both visual and environmental. This paper aims to develop a methodology for minimising the costs associated with reducing the visual impact of ornamental stone quarrying. This study uses digital topographical maps of the study zone and a GPS and GIS application to calculate the extent of the area affected by quarrying activities for each altitude designated in the work plan and to calculate the extent of the potential visual impact. The results obtained applying the proposed methodology for the selected area suggested that the potential visual impact is minimal for an altitude of 520 metres, this being the optimal point for the observer. When altitude increases, the potential visual impact increases and the optimal point for the observer diminishes until the highest impact altitude (740 m) is readied. The optimal point that the exploitation should reach is that at which the values of the diagram generated by the (%) area of potential visual impact and area of exploitation (%) intersect. The methodology allows the optimal altitude to be determined for mining exploitations and helps assess the viability of a given exploitation from an environmental point of view.
