Mitigating increasing cyberattack incidents may require strategies such as reinforcing organizations’ networks with Honeypots and effectively analyzing attack traffic for detection of zero-day attacks and vulnerabili...Mitigating increasing cyberattack incidents may require strategies such as reinforcing organizations’ networks with Honeypots and effectively analyzing attack traffic for detection of zero-day attacks and vulnerabilities. To effectively detect and mitigate cyberattacks, both computerized and visual analyses are typically required. However, most security analysts are not adequately trained in visualization principles and/or methods, which is required for effective visual perception of useful attack information hidden in attack data. Additionally, Honeypot has proven useful in cyberattack research, but no studies have comprehensively investigated visualization practices in the field. In this paper, we reviewed visualization practices and methods commonly used in the discovery and communication of attack patterns based on Honeypot network traffic data. Using the PRISMA methodology, we identified and screened 218 papers and evaluated only 37 papers having a high impact. Most Honeypot papers conducted summary statistics of Honeypot data based on static data metrics such as IP address, port, and packet size. They visually analyzed Honeypot attack data using simple graphical methods (such as line, bar, and pie charts) that tend to hide useful attack information. Furthermore, only a few papers conducted extended attack analysis, and commonly visualized attack data using scatter and linear plots. Papers rarely included simple yet sophisticated graphical methods, such as box plots and histograms, which allow for critical evaluation of analysis results. While a significant number of automated visualization tools have incorporated visualization standards by default, the construction of effective and expressive graphical methods for easy pattern discovery and explainable insights still requires applied knowledge and skill of visualization principles and tools, and occasionally, an interdisciplinary collaboration with peers. We, therefore, suggest the need, going forward, for non-classical graphical methods for visualizing attack patterns and communicating analysis results. We also recommend training investigators in visualization principles and standards for effective visual perception and presentation.展开更多
Purpose: We present a systematic review of the literature concerning major aspects of science mapping to serve two primary purposes: First, to demonstrate the use of a science mapping approach to perform the review ...Purpose: We present a systematic review of the literature concerning major aspects of science mapping to serve two primary purposes: First, to demonstrate the use of a science mapping approach to perform the review so that researchers may apply the procedure to the review of a scientific domain of their own interest, and second, to identify major areas of research activities concerning science mapping, intellectual milestones in the development of key specialties, evolutionary stages of major specialties involved, and the dynamics of transitions from one specialty to another.Design/methodology/approach: We first introduce a theoretical framework of the evolution of a scientific specialty. Then we demonstrate a generic search strategy that can be used to construct a representative dataset of bibliographic records of a domain of research. Next, progressively synthesized co-citation networks are constructed and visualized to aid visual analytic studies of the domain's structural and dynamic patterns and trends. Finally, trajectories of citations made by particular types of authors and articles are presented to illustrate the predictive potential of the analytic approach.Findings: The evolution of the science mapping research involves the development of a number of interrelated specialties. Four major specialties are discussed in detail in terms of four evolutionary stages: conceptualization, tool construction, application, and codification. Underlying connections between major specialties are also explored. The predictive analysis demonstrates citations trajectories of potentially transformative contributions.Research limitations: The systematic review is primarily guided by citation patterns in the dataset retrieved from the literature. The scope of the data is limited by the source of the retrieval, i.e. the Web of Science, and the composite query used. An iterative query refinement is possible if one would like to improve the data quality, although the current approach serves our purpose adequately. More in-depth analyses of each specialty would be more revealing by incorporating additional methods such as citation context analysis and studies of other aspects of scholarly publications.Practical implications: The underlying analytic process of science mapping serves many practical needs, notably bibliometric mapping, knowledge domain visualization, and visualization of scientific literature. In order to master such a complex process of science mapping, researchers often need to develop a diverse set of skills and knowledge that may span multiple disciplines. The approach demonstrated in this article provides a generic method for conducting a systematic review.Originality/value: Incorporating the evolutionary stages of a specialty into the visual analytic study of a research domain is innovative. It provides a systematic methodology for researchers to achieve a good understanding of how scientific fields evolve, to recognize potentially insightful patterns from visually encoded signs, and to synthesize various information so as to capture the state of the art of the domain.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span "=""> Macular hole is a known cause of central visual defect with varying etiologies in different parts of the world. It was considered an untreatable...<strong>Background:</strong><span "=""> Macular hole is a known cause of central visual defect with varying etiologies in different parts of the world. It was considered an untreatable condition until 1991 when varying treatment techniques began to emerge with resultant restoration of central vision. This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of Macular hole in a tertiary eye centre in Nigeria. <b>Method:</b> This is a prospective hospital</span>-<span "="">based study over a 5 year period spanning from November 2013 to October 2018. All patients with macular hole seen within this period were included in the study. Relevant data were recorded with a structured questionnaire and analysed with SPSS version 20. <b>Results:</b> There were 46 eyes of 42 patients which constituted about 0.5% of all new patients seen over the study period. Male to female ratio was 1:1.3 with age ranged between 15 and 91years (mean</span><span "=""> </span>=<span "=""> </span>61.8<span "=""> </span>±<span "=""> </span>16.5<span "=""> </span>years). The majority of <span "="">the patients (95.7%) had Idiopathic macular hole. Half of the patients (54.8%) had visual acuity less than 3/60 in the affected eye at the time of presentation. The majority (95.7%) of the patients did not accept the recommended surgical treatment option because of financial incapacitation. <b>Conclusion:</b> Macular hole is a disease of marked visual consequence. Available treatment option is still not within the reach of the majority because of the high cost.展开更多
During the past two decades, a number of studies have investigated the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of older people with visual impairment, but the information is fragmented concerning health care providers ...During the past two decades, a number of studies have investigated the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of older people with visual impairment, but the information is fragmented concerning health care providers in the field of gerontology. In this review, findings of HRQOL studies in older adults with different types of age-related ocular disorders or conditions are summarized. Apart from medical treatment and vision rehabilitation, factors that may influence the HRQOL of visually impaired older adults are also examined, including age, gender, socioeconomic status, mobility, comorbidity, family support, social support, use of eye care services, and psychological and spiritual factors. Finally, existing problems are discussed and recommendations for future research are provided. Given the high prevalence of visual impairment among older adults and their unmet needs for eye care and vision rehabilitation, multidisciplinary interventions that may enhance visually impaired older people’s HRQOL are warranted.展开更多
The purpose of this article is to review recent PIV Studies from the basic to hybrid analysis, focusing on explaining epoch-making development of PIV. The overwhelming advantage of PIV over other velocity measurement ...The purpose of this article is to review recent PIV Studies from the basic to hybrid analysis, focusing on explaining epoch-making development of PIV. The overwhelming advantage of PIV over other velocity measurement methods is that it enables instantaneous and simultaneous velocity measurement of whole flow fields. We roughly classify PIV development and/or progress into the following five categories; A) Basics of PIV and post-processing. B) Simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature, and 3D-PIV. C) Application to multiphase turbulent flows. D) Application to fluid machinery. E) Hybridization of PIV and CFD. This paper introduces the epoch-making research results from papers published in international journals as milestones related to (A) to (E), and concludes with additional forecast of future development of PIV research.展开更多
数字能力作为一项关键能力,在数字化大背景以及新冠肺炎疫情突然爆发的现实环境下日益得到强调。文章以Web of Science中收录的主题为“Digital Competence”的文献为分析对象,基于科学计量分析方法对国外数字能力领域的研究现状进行了...数字能力作为一项关键能力,在数字化大背景以及新冠肺炎疫情突然爆发的现实环境下日益得到强调。文章以Web of Science中收录的主题为“Digital Competence”的文献为分析对象,基于科学计量分析方法对国外数字能力领域的研究现状进行了系统梳理,主要包括文献增长时间序,作者、机构、关键词分析,揭示了国外数字能力领域研究的发展脉络、分布特征、研究现状与研究热点。基于内容分析方法,从数字能力的地位体现出日益重要的特征、研究背景兼具时代性与突发性、研究主体兼具协作性和主导性、研究对象兼具多样化与针对性、研究内容呈现全面化与深入化、国外数字能力领域研究具备独特性、国外数字能力领域研究体现出优点与缺点并存的特征共七个方面总结了国外数字能力领域研究的核心内容与发展趋势。展开更多
随着人们对娱乐、健康运动、休闲等方面的追求日益增长,对夜间活动高品质和丰富性的要求也相应提高,由此导致城市和乡村的夜间公共活动空间需求不断增多。而研究发现,目前作为夜间活动使用重要场所的夜间公共空间,其相关研究国内外关注...随着人们对娱乐、健康运动、休闲等方面的追求日益增长,对夜间活动高品质和丰富性的要求也相应提高,由此导致城市和乡村的夜间公共活动空间需求不断增多。而研究发现,目前作为夜间活动使用重要场所的夜间公共空间,其相关研究国内外关注均显不足,尤其是研究动态与综述方面。基于此,该文依托中国工程科技知识中心——战略咨询智能支持系统,以2000年至2023年为时间跨度,对CNKI和Web of Science数据库进行检索,形成可视化分析报告。依此对国内外现状趋势及热点进行比较研究,并对夜间公共空间研究方向、数据类型和方法等进行系统分析。最后得出夜间公共空间的发展趋势、研究方向及研究特点,总结当前研究之不足,并为未来夜间公共空间研究提供参考。展开更多
文摘Mitigating increasing cyberattack incidents may require strategies such as reinforcing organizations’ networks with Honeypots and effectively analyzing attack traffic for detection of zero-day attacks and vulnerabilities. To effectively detect and mitigate cyberattacks, both computerized and visual analyses are typically required. However, most security analysts are not adequately trained in visualization principles and/or methods, which is required for effective visual perception of useful attack information hidden in attack data. Additionally, Honeypot has proven useful in cyberattack research, but no studies have comprehensively investigated visualization practices in the field. In this paper, we reviewed visualization practices and methods commonly used in the discovery and communication of attack patterns based on Honeypot network traffic data. Using the PRISMA methodology, we identified and screened 218 papers and evaluated only 37 papers having a high impact. Most Honeypot papers conducted summary statistics of Honeypot data based on static data metrics such as IP address, port, and packet size. They visually analyzed Honeypot attack data using simple graphical methods (such as line, bar, and pie charts) that tend to hide useful attack information. Furthermore, only a few papers conducted extended attack analysis, and commonly visualized attack data using scatter and linear plots. Papers rarely included simple yet sophisticated graphical methods, such as box plots and histograms, which allow for critical evaluation of analysis results. While a significant number of automated visualization tools have incorporated visualization standards by default, the construction of effective and expressive graphical methods for easy pattern discovery and explainable insights still requires applied knowledge and skill of visualization principles and tools, and occasionally, an interdisciplinary collaboration with peers. We, therefore, suggest the need, going forward, for non-classical graphical methods for visualizing attack patterns and communicating analysis results. We also recommend training investigators in visualization principles and standards for effective visual perception and presentation.
文摘Purpose: We present a systematic review of the literature concerning major aspects of science mapping to serve two primary purposes: First, to demonstrate the use of a science mapping approach to perform the review so that researchers may apply the procedure to the review of a scientific domain of their own interest, and second, to identify major areas of research activities concerning science mapping, intellectual milestones in the development of key specialties, evolutionary stages of major specialties involved, and the dynamics of transitions from one specialty to another.Design/methodology/approach: We first introduce a theoretical framework of the evolution of a scientific specialty. Then we demonstrate a generic search strategy that can be used to construct a representative dataset of bibliographic records of a domain of research. Next, progressively synthesized co-citation networks are constructed and visualized to aid visual analytic studies of the domain's structural and dynamic patterns and trends. Finally, trajectories of citations made by particular types of authors and articles are presented to illustrate the predictive potential of the analytic approach.Findings: The evolution of the science mapping research involves the development of a number of interrelated specialties. Four major specialties are discussed in detail in terms of four evolutionary stages: conceptualization, tool construction, application, and codification. Underlying connections between major specialties are also explored. The predictive analysis demonstrates citations trajectories of potentially transformative contributions.Research limitations: The systematic review is primarily guided by citation patterns in the dataset retrieved from the literature. The scope of the data is limited by the source of the retrieval, i.e. the Web of Science, and the composite query used. An iterative query refinement is possible if one would like to improve the data quality, although the current approach serves our purpose adequately. More in-depth analyses of each specialty would be more revealing by incorporating additional methods such as citation context analysis and studies of other aspects of scholarly publications.Practical implications: The underlying analytic process of science mapping serves many practical needs, notably bibliometric mapping, knowledge domain visualization, and visualization of scientific literature. In order to master such a complex process of science mapping, researchers often need to develop a diverse set of skills and knowledge that may span multiple disciplines. The approach demonstrated in this article provides a generic method for conducting a systematic review.Originality/value: Incorporating the evolutionary stages of a specialty into the visual analytic study of a research domain is innovative. It provides a systematic methodology for researchers to achieve a good understanding of how scientific fields evolve, to recognize potentially insightful patterns from visually encoded signs, and to synthesize various information so as to capture the state of the art of the domain.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span "=""> Macular hole is a known cause of central visual defect with varying etiologies in different parts of the world. It was considered an untreatable condition until 1991 when varying treatment techniques began to emerge with resultant restoration of central vision. This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of Macular hole in a tertiary eye centre in Nigeria. <b>Method:</b> This is a prospective hospital</span>-<span "="">based study over a 5 year period spanning from November 2013 to October 2018. All patients with macular hole seen within this period were included in the study. Relevant data were recorded with a structured questionnaire and analysed with SPSS version 20. <b>Results:</b> There were 46 eyes of 42 patients which constituted about 0.5% of all new patients seen over the study period. Male to female ratio was 1:1.3 with age ranged between 15 and 91years (mean</span><span "=""> </span>=<span "=""> </span>61.8<span "=""> </span>±<span "=""> </span>16.5<span "=""> </span>years). The majority of <span "="">the patients (95.7%) had Idiopathic macular hole. Half of the patients (54.8%) had visual acuity less than 3/60 in the affected eye at the time of presentation. The majority (95.7%) of the patients did not accept the recommended surgical treatment option because of financial incapacitation. <b>Conclusion:</b> Macular hole is a disease of marked visual consequence. Available treatment option is still not within the reach of the majority because of the high cost.
文摘During the past two decades, a number of studies have investigated the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of older people with visual impairment, but the information is fragmented concerning health care providers in the field of gerontology. In this review, findings of HRQOL studies in older adults with different types of age-related ocular disorders or conditions are summarized. Apart from medical treatment and vision rehabilitation, factors that may influence the HRQOL of visually impaired older adults are also examined, including age, gender, socioeconomic status, mobility, comorbidity, family support, social support, use of eye care services, and psychological and spiritual factors. Finally, existing problems are discussed and recommendations for future research are provided. Given the high prevalence of visual impairment among older adults and their unmet needs for eye care and vision rehabilitation, multidisciplinary interventions that may enhance visually impaired older people’s HRQOL are warranted.
文摘The purpose of this article is to review recent PIV Studies from the basic to hybrid analysis, focusing on explaining epoch-making development of PIV. The overwhelming advantage of PIV over other velocity measurement methods is that it enables instantaneous and simultaneous velocity measurement of whole flow fields. We roughly classify PIV development and/or progress into the following five categories; A) Basics of PIV and post-processing. B) Simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature, and 3D-PIV. C) Application to multiphase turbulent flows. D) Application to fluid machinery. E) Hybridization of PIV and CFD. This paper introduces the epoch-making research results from papers published in international journals as milestones related to (A) to (E), and concludes with additional forecast of future development of PIV research.
文摘数字能力作为一项关键能力,在数字化大背景以及新冠肺炎疫情突然爆发的现实环境下日益得到强调。文章以Web of Science中收录的主题为“Digital Competence”的文献为分析对象,基于科学计量分析方法对国外数字能力领域的研究现状进行了系统梳理,主要包括文献增长时间序,作者、机构、关键词分析,揭示了国外数字能力领域研究的发展脉络、分布特征、研究现状与研究热点。基于内容分析方法,从数字能力的地位体现出日益重要的特征、研究背景兼具时代性与突发性、研究主体兼具协作性和主导性、研究对象兼具多样化与针对性、研究内容呈现全面化与深入化、国外数字能力领域研究具备独特性、国外数字能力领域研究体现出优点与缺点并存的特征共七个方面总结了国外数字能力领域研究的核心内容与发展趋势。
文摘随着人们对娱乐、健康运动、休闲等方面的追求日益增长,对夜间活动高品质和丰富性的要求也相应提高,由此导致城市和乡村的夜间公共活动空间需求不断增多。而研究发现,目前作为夜间活动使用重要场所的夜间公共空间,其相关研究国内外关注均显不足,尤其是研究动态与综述方面。基于此,该文依托中国工程科技知识中心——战略咨询智能支持系统,以2000年至2023年为时间跨度,对CNKI和Web of Science数据库进行检索,形成可视化分析报告。依此对国内外现状趋势及热点进行比较研究,并对夜间公共空间研究方向、数据类型和方法等进行系统分析。最后得出夜间公共空间的发展趋势、研究方向及研究特点,总结当前研究之不足,并为未来夜间公共空间研究提供参考。