The Cultural Paradigm of Visuality in Times of Blindness

Visuality can be generically described as the quality of the visual,that is,as the given visual field in which a subject’s attention is concentrated.In fact,the visual is intrinsically linked to human vision,and this presupposes the existence of a visible horizon from which(visual)images are given.However,this formulation presents something uncanny paradoxical because it forgets,on one hand,the broader status of the image(such as auditory and olfactory images)-seeing is not just a visual process(at least since Diderot we know it)and there are mental mechanisms in the visual constitution process that help to fabricate reality and that gestalt theory has explained-and on the other hand,the possibility of seeing beyond what is visible,after all,everything(or almost everything)that presents itself in a digital and virtual environment it can be quite ontologically suspect.Based on some of these premises,we will trace a path of analysis that leads us to the current blindness:unconditional faith in digital technology and the fragile hope of happiness in a way that rejects the reality of the visible.

大学计算机基础考试系统的程序设计与实现

计算机基础考试放到计算机上进行,通过计算机自动抽题并评分,实现无纸化考试。本文介绍了大学计算机基础考试系统完整的程序设计过程,提供程序设计流程图和解决问题的方法。

基于激光点云的隧道超欠挖检测与表达

超欠挖是钻爆法隧道施工难以避免的问题,严重的超欠挖将影响施工安全、工程施工成本以及建设质量等,精准的超欠挖检测可以反映隧道爆破开挖质量,为后期支护成本提供依据,保障隧道工程的安全。本文提出一种基于激光点云的隧道超欠挖检测方法,将点云数据投影至断面坐标系,结合设计数据进行超欠挖检测;利用Visual Studio平台开发相应软件,实现超欠挖量、面积和体积的计算与精度评价;调用OpenGL API,以断面图、三维图与平铺图的形式实现超欠挖可视化,结合报表对检测结果进行表达。经过实测数据验证,本文方法的检测结果高效准确,表达效果形象直观,可满足隧道施工过程中超欠挖检测的需求。

基于Visual MODFLOW的某加油站苯系物迁移预测

加油站作为石油气等燃料的重要储存场所,开展其地下水污染预测报告,对水环境污染防治具有重要意义。本文利用多元综合数据,建立目标加油站的Visual MODFLOW地下水数值模型,通过设置污染物泄露情景,对模型进行数值模拟和溶质运移模拟。结果表明:瞬时泄露第100天时,形成影响面积28484.9m^(2),最远迁移距离为114.4m,模型区中心最大污染物浓度为0.008mg/L;瞬时泄露第1000天时,形成影响面积35123.3m^(2),最远迁移距离为186.2m,模型区的最大污染浓度为0.005mg/L。持续泄露第100天时,模型区附近部分区域地下水中苯浓度超过Ⅲ类水限制浓度,形成超标区域17208.3m^(2),形成影响面积48035.2m^(2),污染晕最远边界距离模型区中心位置为183.1m,污染羽最远边界距离中心位置为91.2m;持续泄露第1000天时,污染晕最远边界距离模型区中心位置为291.7m,污染羽最远边界距离中心位置为210.3m,形成超标区域21686.8m^(2),形成影响面积74610.2m^(2)。泄露物中的苯系物对地下水体的污染较难恢复,通过模型的模拟预测,可为加油站站点及周边范围的水污染防治问题提供参考。

Monogenic gene therapy for glaucoma and optic nerve injury

The prevalence of glaucoma, the second leading cause of global blindness, is increasing due to aging populations. In glaucoma, degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) causes visual field defects and eventual blindness.

Women in visual neural regeneration research

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.We take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this purpose.The National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in 2021.Therefore,we focus on this timespan.Data sources included PubMed,the National Science Foundation(NSF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

Global trends and hotspots of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents:A bibliometric study and visualization analysis

BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys indicate an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among children and adolescents worldwide.Due to rapid disease progression,severe long-term cardiorenal complications,a lack of effective treatment strategies,and substantial socioeconomic burdens,it has become an urgent public health issue that requires management and resolution.Adolescent T2DM differs from adult T2DM.Despite a significant increase in our understanding of youth-onset T2DM over the past two decades,the related review and evidence-based content remain limited.AIM To visualize the hotspots and trends in pediatric and adolescent T2DM research and to forecast their future research themes.METHODS This study utilized the terms“children”,“adolescents”,and“type 2 diabetes”,retrieving relevant articles published between 1983 and 2023 from three citation databases within the Web of Science Core Collection(SCI,SSCI,ESCI).Utilizing CiteSpace and VoSviewer software,we analyze and visually represent the annual output of literature,countries involved,and participating institutions.This allows us to predict trends in this research field.Our analysis encompasses co-cited authors,journal overlays,citation overlays,time-zone views,keyword analysis,and reference analysis,etc.RESULTS A total of 9210 articles were included,and the annual publication volume in this field showed a steady growth trend.The United States had the highest number of publications and the highest H-index.The United States also had the most research institutions and the strongest research capacity.The global hot journals were primarily diabetes professional journals but also included journals related to nutrition,endocrinology,and metabolism.Keyword analysis showed that research related to endothelial dysfunction,exposure risk,cardiac metabolic risk,changes in gut microbiota,the impact on comorbidities and outcomes,etc.,were emerging keywords.They have maintained their popularity in this field,suggesting that these areas have garnered significant research interest in recent years.CONCLUSION Pediatric and adolescent T2DM is increasingly drawing global attention,with genes,behaviors,environmental factors,and multisystemic interventions potentially emerging as future research hot spots.

Comprehensive bibliometric analysis of pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorders:Present trends and future directions

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder(BD)is a severe mental illness characterized by significant mood swings.Effective drug treatment modalities are crucial for managing BD.AIM To analyze the current status and future trends of global research on BD drug treatment over the last decade.METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection database spanning from 2015 to 2024 was utilized to retrieve literature related to BD drug treatment.A total of 2624 articles were extracted.Data visualization and analysis were conducted using CiteSpace,VOSviewer,Pajek,Scimago Graphica,and R-studio bibliometrix to identify RESULTS The United States,China,and the United Kingdom have made the most significant contributions to research on BD drug treatment and formed notable research collaboration networks.The University of Pittsburgh,Massachusetts General Hospital,and the University of Michigan have been identified as the major research institutions in this field.The Journal of Affective Disorders is the most influential journal.A keyword analysis revealed research hotspots related to clinical symptoms,drug efficacy,and genetic mechanisms.A citation analysis identified the management guidelines published by Yatham et al in 2018 as the most cited paper.CONCLUSION This study provides a detailed overview of the field of BD drug treatment,highlighting key contributors,research hotspots,and future directions.The study findings can be employed as a reference for future research and policymaking,which may enable further development and optimization of BD pharmacotherapy.

Challenges in the management of visual and tactile hallucinations in elderly people

This letter provides a concise review of the pertinent literature on visual and tactile hallucinations in elderly patients.The discussion addresses differential diagnoses and potential underlying mechanisms,as well as the psychopathology associated with tactile hallucinations,and emphasizes the necessity for invest-igation into the possibility of coexisting delusional infestation(parasitosis).These symptoms frequently manifest in patients with primary psychotic disorders,organic mental disorders,and substance use disorders.The proposed pathophy-siological mechanisms may involve dopaminergic imbalances and dysfunction of the striatal dopamine transporter.

Studying and Estimating Visual Pollution in Irbid City (Centre of Irbid City-Case Study)

Despite the global attention towards pollution,it remains a significant global threat and challenge for both developed and developing countries.Urbanization and economic development influence different types of pollution.Visual pollution is considered a new phenomenon referring to the impact of existing and growing mainstream pollution which impairs an individual’s ability to enjoy visits or views.Recently,Jordanian cities have expanded in response to urbanization and ongoing development.Irbid City has the second largest population in Jordan after the capital Amman City highest population density in Jordan.In the modern era,Irbid City dramatically increased in population and dimension.The growth of the demographic population has been significant and has led to overpopulation,rapid urbanization,and unresolved problems associated with spatial planning and infrastructures leading to different types of pollution including visual pollution.The study area focuses on the city center with the most crowded population through field visits and actual observations.The study technique is descriptive and analytical,with a focus on meticulous monitoring and a follow-up-based questionnaire which is a tool for the study,involving data collection,classification,presentation,analysis,interpretation,and exploration to identify new facts and generalizations that can help solve current issues of visual pollution.The study provides recommendations for Irbid Municipal to eliminate visual pollution,in parallel with stricter supervision from the municipality during the building process to ensure proper implementation of the new rules,adopting an integrated policy for the city with the rest of the social,political,sensory,cultural,economic,and functional aspects,so that this policy is in the short and long term.

Visualizing medicine:The case for implementing graphical abstracts in clinical reporting

Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant advantages of GAs,including improved clarity,increased reader engagement,and enhanced visibility of research findings.By transforming intricate scientific data into accessible visual formats,these abstracts facilitate quick and effective knowledge transfer,crucial in clinical decision-making and patient care.However,challenges such as potential data misrepresentation due to oversimplification,the skill gap in graphic design among researchers,and the lack of standardized creation guidelines pose barriers to their widespread adoption.Additionally,while software such as Adobe Illustrator,BioRender,and Canva are commonly employed to create these visuals,not all researchers may be proficient in their use.To address these issues,we recommend that academic journals establish clear guidelines and provide necessary design training to researchers.This proactive approach will ensure the creation of high-quality GAs,promote their standardization,and expand their use in clinical reporting,ultimately benefiting the medical community and improving healthcare outcomes.

Design Strategies Applied to Classroom's Daylight Design Optimization of Classrooms Design

This paper explains how the optimized classrooms were selected and the results that were achieved by the optimizations carried out and finalized.The context of the research is the city of Concepción,in Chile.Virtual models of classrooms were evaluated using the Radiance software.We used a methodology that allowed us to determine the luminous conditions under different types of skies,seasons of the year and times of the day.The evaluation of the typologies was performed based on three defined criteria,in order to achieve the stated design objectives.We defined the optimal solutions for each orientation and,finally,we stated design recommendations for daylit classrooms to ensure the visual comfort of the students.These recommendations link all that found in the initial analysis with that found in the optimization stage.

The Ultimate Female Auteur： Visuality, Subjectivity, and History in the Works of Peng Xiaolian

Peng Xiaolian is a rare and prolific Chinese author who writes both fiction and non-fiction works and directs both dramatic and documentary films. Peng has not only written, cowritten, or rewritten all the screenplays of her eight dramatic features and two documentaries but is also the author of one novel, twelve novellas, over a dozen short stories, four book-length memoirs, three collections of film reviews, and numerous essays. The existing scholarly studies, however, nearly all focus on Peng＇s dramatic films, with much less, if any, attention directed at her writing and documentaries. To really understand Peng as a film auteur, however, it is necessary to look at her films and writings together. Given the quantity and complexity of her works and the space limitations of this article, I examine Peng＇s subversion of the conventional treatment of character, location, and time in three thematic sections reflecting the key narrative motifs in her work. I first summarize existing studies of Peng＇s films, highlighting the rarely examined interaction between visuality and spatiality in her films. Then, after defining her sense of time in narrative, I demonstrate how family history and self-reflexivity are the major difference between her films and her nonfiction works. Last but not least, I discuss how, through her use of multilayered narratives constructed by the female voice and subjectivity, her complete repertoire constitutes a unique history of modern Chinese women. This article aims to demonstrate how, through her use of multilayered narratives constructed by the female voice and subjectivity, her complete repertoire constitutes a unique history of modern Chinese women.

Gel immersion in endoscopy:Exploring potential applications

The challenge of effectively eliminating air during gastrointestinal endoscopy using ultrasound techniques is apparent.This difficulty arises from the intricacies of removing concealed air within the folds of the gastrointestinal tract,resulting in artifacts and compromised visualization.In addition,the overlap of folds with lesions can obscure their depth and size,presenting challenges for an accurate assessment.Conversely,in intricately folded regions of the gastrointestinal tract,such as the stomach,intestine,and colon,insufficient delivery of air or CO_(2) into the cavity impedes luminal expansion,hindering the accurate visualization of lesions concealed within the folds.Although this underscores the requirement for substantial airflow,excessive airflow can hinder visualization of bleeding lesions and other abnormalities.Considering these challenges,an ideal endoscopic device would facilitate the observation of lesions without the requirement for air or CO_(2) delivery whereas,ensuring optimal expansion of the gastrointestinal tract.Recently,transparent gels with specific viscosities have been employed more frequently to address this issue.This review aims to elucidate how these gels address these challenges and provide a solution for enhanced endoscopic visualization.

Comparison of biomechanical indices measured by ocular response analyzer between children and elderly:a systematic review

Biomechanical study of the visual system by ocular response analyzer investigates the inter-structural biological relationships,mechanics,and function of the visual system.This review aimed to investigate the changes in corneal biomechanical parameters with age and sex.The articles published in PubMed between 2000 and 2021 were investigated and critiqued,and valid scientific evidence was collected,reviewed and concluded according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Most studies showed that corneal biomechanical changes occur infrequently in children up to the age of 20y,and with increasing age and wider age range,there was a significant decrease in corneal biomechanical indices,especially corneal hysteresis.In children and adults,most studies have shown that these biomechanical indicators,especially corneal resistance factor,were higher in females.Although hormonal changes may contribute to this finding,the role of axial length and other biometric indicators should not be ignored.The axial length,the intraocular pressure,and the corneal thickness are other factors associated with biomechanical parameters that should be taken into account in clinical diagnosis and management especially for patients undergoing refractive surgery as well as keratoconus patients.

Metamorphopsia after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Improvements in surgical techniques have led to 90% success in the surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).However,anatomical reattachment of the retina does not ensure complete recovery of visual function.The incidence of metamorphopsia remains the most common postoperative complaint,from 24% to 88.6%.Currently,the risk factors of metamorphopsia are categorized into macular involvement,retinal shift,outer retinal folds,subretinal fluid,secondary epiretinal membrane,outer retinal layer damage,and surgical approach.The associations of metamorphopsia with postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and postoperative vision-related quality of life were still controversial.The most popular methods for assessment of metamorphopsia remain the Amsler grid and M-Charts.Most treatments cannot progress beyond the management of negative visual sensations,through methods such as occlusion therapy and aniseikonia-correcting spectacles.The main treatment approach involves RRD prevention and the management of risk factors that can lead to postoperative metamorphopsia after RRD repair.Additional research concerning metamorphopsia treatment,further upgrades of auxiliary inspection methods,and more accurate microstructural assessments are needed to address this common complication.

Hydrus与Visual Modflow在苯迁移转化过程中的综合模拟研究

用数值模拟法研究有机污染物在土壤地下水中迁移转化预测极其重要,以太原市某粗苯深加工和储存遗留地块为研究对象,结合Hydrus与Modflow,模拟污染因子苯在包气带和饱和带的迁移转化路径。结果表明,纵向上苯在9年后迁移至地下水,模拟结果与实际观测相符;水平方向上,苯进入地下水后经5年迁移,影响面积约2911 m2,未超出厂区下游边界,同实际观测结果。案例表明Hydrus与Modflow综合模拟方法在有机污染物迁移转化过程中具有较强的可操作性,实现从包气带到地下水系统的全过程模拟,提高模拟精度和效率,降低治理成本,对环境治理工作具有较高的指导意义。

基于Visual LISP的卫星雷达干涉测量数据导入插件的设计及应用

目前合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR)技术已经广泛在工程监测、地质灾害监测等领域得到应用。文章基于Visual LISP语言,开发了可以将海量InSAR监测点数据批量导入至AutoCAD软件的插件。该插件将InSAR成果数据文件进行关键信息提取,并实现了对成果数据中的坐标系统与工程设计常用的独立坐标系统的转换,将数值直接以数值文字的方式写入对应AutoCAD文件中,使监测数据与目标位置精确匹配。经实际工程数据导入应用测试,该插件实现56万条数据的导入仅需约90 s,极大降低了使用人员将监测数据导入工程图纸的工作量,提升了InSAR监测数据在工程应用上的效率。

河北省某市城区地下水型集中式生活饮用水源地地下水污染模拟预测

通过对研究区自然地理概况、区域地质条件、水文地质条件、地下水污染特征等进行分析,利用Visual Modflow软件建立相应的地水流模型和溶质运移模型,并对该模型结果进行分析,找出其中污染物的运移规律和污染物中心浓度的变化规律,为之后该区域内的地下水污染防治提供一定的理论依据。源地能够为人们的生产生活提供珍贵的水资源,具有相当重要的战略地位。但是在社会的发展过程中,水质已经出现了或多或少的污染,从而对水源地产生了一定的影响。