Visual Representation and Cognitive Models in Information Visualization

As a branch of computer science,information visualization aims to help users understand and analyze complex data through graphical interfaces and interactive technologies.Information visualization primarily includes various visual structures such as time-series structures,spatial relationship structures,statistical distribution structures,and geographic map structures,each with unique functions and application scenarios.To better explain the cognitive process of visualization,researchers have proposed various cognitive models based on interaction mechanisms,visual perception steps,and novice use of visualization.These models help understand user cognition in information visualization,enhancing the effectiveness of data analysis and decision-making.

Geographical Information Visualization on a Panoramic Sphere in an Immersive Environment

In this paper,we propose a novel approach to visualizing global geographical information:a panoramic sphere in an immersive environment.The whole geographical surface can be observed through the rotating of heads as the viewpoint of the panoramic sphere is inside the sphere.We compared three approaches to visualizing the earth for rendering the geographical information in a virtual reality environment.On the tasks of terrestrial and marine geographical information,we compare the visualization effects on a)a globe,b)a flat map and c)a panoramic sphere.Terrestrial geographical information tasks include the area comparison and direction determination.Marine geographical information tasks contain the visualization of sea surface temperature and sea surface currents.For terrestrial geographical information tasks,the experimental results show that the panoramic sphere outperforms the globe and the flat map,with a higher average accuracy and a shorter time.On marine geographical information task,the panoramic sphere visualization is also superior to the flat map and the globe in an immersive environment for the sea surface temperature data and the sea surface current fields.In all three visualization experiments,the panoramic sphere is most preferred by the participants,particularly for global,transcontinental and transoceanic needs.

Study of Visual Information Acquisition Technology based on AGV Robot

Visual information acquisition is an important component of the AGV robot. The system adopts STM32F4 embedded application of the ARM Cortex-M4 kernel as the main control module,using shift algorithm to finish on a specific color piece of target tracking. For multi-sensor fusion of three methods,quaternion method is used to correct the attitude,the stability of AGV robot visual information acquisition and image clarity are improved.

Difference of Visual Information Metric Based on Entropy of Primitive

Image sparse representation is a method of efficient compression and coding of image signal in the process of digital image processing.Image after sparse representation,to enhance the transmission efficiency of the image signal.Entropy of Primitive(EoP)is a statistical representation of the sparse representation of the image,which indicates the probability of each base element.Based on the EoP,this paper presents an image quality evaluation method-Difference of Visual Information Metric(DVIM).The principle of this method is to evaluate the image quality with the difference between the original image and the distorted image.The comparative experiments between DVIM&PSNR&SSIM are carried out.It was found that there was a great improvement in the image quality evaluation of geometric changes.This method is an effective image quality evaluation method,which overcomes the weakness of other quality evaluation methods for geometrically changing images to a certain extent,and is more consistent with the subjective observation of the human eye.

Optimization method for a radar situation interface from error-cognition to information feature mapping

With the rapid development of digital and intelligent information systems, display of radar situation interface has become an important challenge in the field of human-computer interaction. We propose a method for the optimization of radar situation interface from error-cognition through the mapping of information characteristics. A mapping method of matrix description is adopted to analyze the association properties between error-cognition sets and design information sets. Based on the mapping relationship between the domain of error-cognition and the domain of design information, a cross-correlational analysis is carried out between error-cognition and design information.We obtain the relationship matrix between the error-cognition of correlation between design information and the degree of importance among design information. Taking the task interface of a warfare navigation display as an example, error factors and the features of design information are extracted. Based on the results, we also propose an optimization design scheme for the radar situation interface.

Information visualization,physicality and intuitive use for tangible user interfaces

In the last two decades, tangible user interfaces （TUIs） have emerged as a new interface type that interlinks the digital and physical worlds. TUIs show a potential to enhance the way in which people interact with digital information. First, this paper exam- ines the existing body of work on tangible user interfaces and discusses their application domains, especially information visualiza- tion. Then it provides a definition of intuitive use and reviews formerly separated ideas on physicality. As interaction has an impact on the overall product experience, we also discuss whether intuitive use influences the users＇ aesthetic judgements of such products.

Information Visualization Theorem for Battlefield Screen

Designing military screen (display) is not complicated in the past, the design should contains easiness of using, visibility and functionality. And it is important that contains all of the information what the system could be gotten. Today military display design can be valued by consideration of human’s cognition model. A few information, which operators of military display could easily miss, could bring critical loss. So the military display needs the ability to help operator decide the military decision with sufficient consideration of battlefield information in a short time. The information is considerably complicated because it has many military entities and many attributes for each entities. For this reason this research contains the methodology of information organization especially for visual information. When the operator use military display, the required information should be recognized at a glance and located where the operator can place his eye easily. Therefore, the display screen should efficiently organize and effectively transfer the information. This paper specifically proposes design methodology to effectively organize and visualize the information in the display screen. The theory of information visualization in a variety of fields already exist, but it has no established theory for the origin of the display screen design. Since the theory was selected to organize the military display interface design for the display screen of the battlefield situation existing information visualization theory.

A comparative study of information visualization from the perspective of intellectual base: Using WoS and CSSCI

Purpose: Focusing on a comparative analysis of information visualization in library and information science(LIS) from the perspective of research subject and intellectual base, this paper aims to discover the difference and coherence between Chinese domestic studies on information visualization and those of other areas of the world so as to show their theoretical foundation and development trend in a more objective way.Design/methodology/approach: By using the social network analysis tool Ucinet, we have first constructed networks of key author collaboration for 651 articles retrieved from the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index(CSSCI) and 910 from the Web of Science(WoS),which were published on information visualization between 1998 and 2012 in library and information science, then we compared the intellectual base by mapping analysis from perspective of half-life, centrality and burst detection with CiteSpace II.Findings: Up to date, 51 countries and regions have contributed to the research of information visualization, and in total, we found 9 research clusters of author co-occurrence matrices,among which three are in China. Within Chinese co-author networks, most Chinese scholars have come from the same research institutions, that is to say, more international cooperation and exchange are still required for the research of information visualization across different disciplines and regions.Research limitations: This co-author network and co-citation analysis is mainly based on the research field of LIS with a focus of the WoS and CSSCI databases only, further samples are required for more generalized results to increase our understanding on the development trend of information visualization.Practical implications: This study could lead to a better understanding of the applications of information visualization technologies in discovering the development trend of a research field. Originality/value: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative analysis of research subject and intellectual base on information visualization, specifically, from the perspective of contributions of Chinese scholars in this regard. By dividing most frequently cited Chinese literature into two categories(original and non-original research papers), this paper shows the extent of contributions that Chinese domestic scholars have made to the research of information visualization, by revealing the contributions of different types of Chinese domestic papers on information visualization.

Subject-Based Information Retrieval System in Digital Libraries

Objective: Information visualization is the study of interactive depictions of abstract and data to strengthen the human cognition. Designing an appropriate information visualization system may be very useful technique for scholars, who intent to get scientific information from digital libraries. The objective of current study was to map and visualize the key-information of dissertations in academic libraries. To achieve the aim, an information retrieval system was designed to present the interactive graphic view of dissertations’ subjects in academic. Methods: An information retrieval system was designed by information visualization toolkit that presents the related subjects of dissertations in academic libraries. In addition, the satisfaction-levels of library-users were analyzed by administrating a standard questionnaire (QUIS Questionnaire). Results: The study indicated that the designed IR system helped to provide a user-friendly environment through displaying subjective relations of dissertations, overwhelming variety of colors in displaying information. Fast and easy access to the cover-to-cover information of dissertations and user-interaction facilities are the advantages of designed IR. Analysis of data furthermore indicated that the users’ satisfaction from the system was from medium to high grade. Conclusion: Designing the IR-system revealed an excessive influence on users’ satisfaction;therefore, proposing such systems for employing in academic libraries is very suitable and its implementation is necessary.

Monitoring Information 3D Visualization for Super-Filling Loess Project

The construction of high-filled loess project has some engineering and technical challenges, such as excavation of earth and backfilling of earth are both large, complex construction environment, variety of influence factors. According to this situation, this paper presents a dynamic 3D visualization method for high-filled project based on volume rendering. Through comparative analysis and visual analysis, realized at different times of the Loess fill internal detection data visualization and analysis presented. The results show that this visualization method can directly and accurately display the construction process, help decision makers master construction information and process.

Interactive multigraph visualization and exploration with a two-phase strategy

While it is very reasonable to use a multigraph consisting of multiple edges between vertices to represent various relationships, the multigraph has not drawn much attention in research. To visualize such a multigraph, a clear layout representing a global structure is of great importance, and interactive visual analysis which allows the multiple edges to be adjusted in appropriate ways for detailed presentation is also essential. A novel interactive two-phase approach to visualizing and exploring multigraph is proposed. The approach consists of two phases： the first phase improves the previous popular works on force-directed methods to produce a brief drawing for the aggregation graph of the input multigraph, while the second phase proposes two interactive strategies, the magnifier model and the thematic-oriented subgraph model. The former highlights the internal details of an aggregation edge which is selected interactively by user, and draws the details in a magnifying view by cubic Bezier curves; the latter highlights only the thematic subgraph consisting of the selected multiple edges that the user concerns. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated with a real-world multigraph dataset and how it is used effectively is discussed for various potential applications.

A Metric Approach to Hot Topics in Biomedicine via Keyword Co-occurrence

Purpose:To reveal the research hotpots and relationship among three research hot topics in b iomedicine,namely CRISPR,iPS(induced Pluripotent Stem)cell and Synthetic biology.Design/methodology/approach:We set up their keyword co-occurrence networks with using three indicators and information visualization for metric analysis.Findings:The results reveal the main research hotspots in the three topics are different,but the overlapping keywords in the three topics indicate that they are mutually integrated and interacted each other.Research limitations:All analyses use keywords,without any other forms.Practical implications:We try to find the information distribution and structure of these three hot topics for revealing their research status and interactions,and for promoting biomedical developments.Originality/value:We chose the core keywords in three research hot topics in biomedicine by using h-index.

Mapping the research on scientific collaboration

The aim of this paper was to identify the trends and hot topics in the study of scientific collaboration via scientometric analysis. Information visualization and knowledge domain visualization techniques were adopted to determine how the study of scientific collaboration has evolved. A total of 1,455 articles on scientific cooperation published between 1993 and 2007 were retrieved from the SCI, SSCI and A&HCI databases with a topic search of scientific collaboration or scientific cooperation for the analysis. By using CiteSpace, the knowledge bases, research foci, and research fronts in the field of scientific collaboration were studied. The results indicated that research fronts and research foci are highly consistent in terms of the concept, origin, measurement, and theory of scientific collaboration. It also revealed that research fronts included scientific collaboration networks, international scientific collaboration, social network analysis and techniques, and applications of bibliometrical indicators, webmetrics, and health care related areas.

INTRINSIC OPTICAL SIGNAL IMAGING OF RETINAL ACTIVITY IN FROG EYE

Using a near-infrared(NIR)light flood-illumination imager equipped with a high-speed(120 Hz)CCD camera,we demonstrated optical imaging of stimulus-evoked retinal activity in isolated,but intact,frog eye.Both fast and slow transient intrinsic optical signals(IOSs)were observed.Fast optical response occurred immediately after the stimulus onset,could reach peak magnitude within 100 ms,and correlated tightly with ON and OFF edges of the visible light stimulus;while slow optical response lasted a relatively long time(many seconds).High-resolution images revealed both positive(increasing)and negative(decreasing)IOSs,and dynamic optical change at individual CCD pixels could often exceed 10%of the background light intensity.Our experiment on isolated eye suggests that further development of fast,high(sub-cellular)resolution fundus imager will allow robust detection of fast IOSs in vivo,and thus allow noninvasive,three-dimensional evaluation of retinal neural function.

Content-based retrieval based on binary vectors for 2-D medical images

In medical research and clinical diagnosis, automated or computer-assisted classification and retrieval methods are highly desirable to offset the high cost of manual classification and manipulation by medical experts. To facilitate the decision-making in the health-care and the related areas, in this paper, a two-step content-based medical image retrieval algorithm is proposed. Firstly, in the preprocessing step, the image segmentation is performed to distinguish image objects, and on the basis of the ...

Visual order of Chinese ink paintings

Visual order is one of the key factors influencing the aesthetic judgment of artworks.This paper reports the results of evaluating the influence of extracted features on visual order in Chinese ink paintings,using a regression model.We use nine contemporary artists’paintings as examples and extract features related to the visual order of their paintings.A questionnaire survey is conducted to collect people’s rating scores on the visual order.Via regression modeling,our research analyzes the significance of each feature and validates the influences of the features on the visual order.

TEXTINSIGHT: A NEW TEXT VISUALIZATION SYSTEM BASED ON ENTROPY AND GMAP

In recent years, text visualization has been widely acknowledged as an effective approach for understanding the structure and patterns hidden in complicated textual information. In this paper, we propose a new visualization system called TextInsight with two of our contributions. Firstly, a textual entropy theory is introduced to encode the semantic importance distribution in the corpus. Based on the proposed multidimensional joint probability histogram in vector fields, the improved algorithm provides a novel way to position valuable information in massive short texts accurately. Secondly, a map-like metaphor is generated to visualize the textual topics and their relationships. For the problem of over-segmentation in the layout and clustering procedure, we propose an optimization algorithm combining Affinity Propagation(AP) and MultiDimensional Scaling(MDS), and the improved geographical representation is more comprehensible and aesthetically appealing. Our experimental results and initial user feedback suggest that this system is effective in aiding text analysis.

Balanced-partitioning treemapping method for digital hierarchical dataset

Background The problem of visualizing a hierarchical dataset is an important and useful technique in many real-life situations.Folder systems,stock markets,and other hierarchical-related datasets can use this tech-nique to better understand the structure and dynamic variation of the dataset.Traditional space-filling(square)-based methods have the advantages of compact space usage and node size as opposed to diagram-based methods.Space-filling-based methods have two main research directions:static and dynamic performance.Methods This study presented a treemapping method based on balanced partitioning that enables excellent aspect ratios in one variant,good temporal coherence for dynamic data in another,and in the third,a satisfactory compromise between these two aspects.To layout a treemap,all the children of a node were divided into two groups,which were then further divided until groups of single elements were reached.After this,these groups were combined to form a rectangle representing the parent node.This process was performed for each layer of the hierarchical dataset.For the first variant from the partitioning,the child elements were sorted and two groups,sized as equally as possible,were built from both big and small elements(size-balanced partition).This achieved satisfactory aspect ratios for the rec-tangles but less so temporal coherence(dynamic).For the second variant,the sequence of children was taken and from this,groups,sized as equally as possible,were created without the need for sorting(sequence-based,good compromise between aspect ratio and temporal coherency).For the third variant,the children were split into two groups of equal cardinalities,regardless of their size(number-balanced,worse aspect ratios but good temporal coherence).Results This study evaluated the aspect ratios and dynamic stability of the employed methods and proposed a new metric that measures the visual difference between rectangles during their movement to represent temporally changing inputs.Conclusion This study demonstrated that the proposed method of treemapping via balanced partitioning outperformed the state-of-the-art methods for several real-world datasets.

A bibliometric analysis of research on nursing models in countries other than China

Objectives＂ To deepen our understanding of the status quo and to identify the hot topics and develop- mental trends of research on nursing models in countries other than China in the most recent decade. Methods： The study subjects were the publications retrieved from the PubMed database using the MeSH terms of ＂Models, Nursing＂. Bibliographic item co-occurrence mining system （BICOMS） software was used for conventional bibliometric analysis of publications during two time periods, 2005-2009 and 2010-2014. The number of published journal articles, journal distribution, authors of publications, country of origin of journals, and language of publications were analyzed to establish a high-frequency keyword profile and co-occurrence matrix. Graphical clustering toolkit （gCLUTO） software was applied for two-way clustering analysis and visualized analysis. Results： A total of 1472 journal articles with a key theme of nursing models were retrieved for final analysis, including 771 published during 2005-2009 and 701 during 2010-2014. The bibliometric analysis revealed that publications other than China concerning nursing models were mostly concentrated in the United States and the United Kingdom and that the number of relevant publications has been continuously decreasing. The two-way clustering analysis showed that there were mainly four types of research themes in the relevant publications in countries other than China during 2005-2009, i.e., nursing education and theoretical research, clinical nursing and psychological care, nursing administration, and models of nursing education, whereas there were five types during 2010-2014, i.e., nursing theories and clinical nursing practice, nursing administration models and assessments of nurses＇ knowledge and skills, community nursing administration models, nursing human resource management, and nursing education models and approaches. Conclusions： Research on nursing models in countries other than China is relatively mature and stable with a broader view, but it has shown a declining trend in recent years. It emphasizes both theory and practice, with research content tending to be structured into four modules, i.e., nursing education, administration, clinical practice, and theoretical research. Community nursing models may become a key research direction in the international research on nursing models in the future.

Visualization of Personal Interest Graph from Social Network

The advent of the time of big data along with social networks makes the visualization and analysis of networks information become increasingly important in many fields. Based on the information from social networks, the idea of information visualization and development of tools are presented. Popular social network micro-blog （＇Weibo＇） is chosen to realize the process of users＇ interest and communications data analysis. User interest visualization methods are discussed and chosen and programs are developed to collect users＇ interest and describe it by graph. The visualization results may be used to provide the commercial recommendation or social investigation application for decision makers.