Research of vitamin E succinate combined with paclitaxel on the apoptosis of Her-2 over-expressing breast cancer cells

Objective： The aim of this study was to detect apoptosis rates of Her-2 overexpression breast cancer cells, which were administrated with vitamin E succinate （VES） combined with paclitaxel at different dosages, or administrated alone; to discuss the mechanism of their actions. Methods： Using immunohistochemical method to detect Her-2 expression of MDA- MB-453 cells. Using TUNEL assay to detect apoptosis rates of MDA-MB-453 ceils, with the concentrations at 10, 20 mg/L of VES and 50, 100 nmol/L of paclitaxel, and also combined together for 24 or 48 h. Then compared apoptosis action of various combinations. Results： The expression rate of 95% Her-2 was interval （63.32%, 69.60%）; VES and paclitaxel both induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-453 cells, and it is dose to time dependence. It was strongest in apoptosis at 10 mg/L VES and 100 nmol/L paclitaxel in MDA-MB-453 cells 48 h later. Conclusion： VES and paclitaxel both induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-453 cells. It is stronger when the two drugs are administrated together. The mechanism is probably related to reduction of bcl-2 expression, so as to be more sensitive to paclitaxel. Synergistic effect is also possible for the two drugs influence tumor cells in different growing phases.

Enzyme-catalyzed Synthesis of Vitamin E Succinate Using a Chemically Modified Novozym-435

Vitamin E succinate was synthesized in organic solvents using a modified Novozym-435 as catalyst.In order to improve the catalytic performance of Novozym-435,the enzyme was modified using acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and succinic anhydride separately.We found that both the hydrolytic activity and the thermal stability of the modified Novozym-435 were enhanced compared with the unmodified enzyme.The modified Novozym-435 catalysts were used to synthesize the succinate derivative of vitamin E.Compared with the native Novozym-435,the catalytic activity of the modified novozym-435 in promoting the synthesis of vitamin E succinate was dramatically increased,with the novozym-435 modified with succinic anhydride（N435-S）as the most active catalyst.Conditions for the synthesis of vitamin E succinate were also optimized.A mixture of tert-butanol and DMSO（volume ratio of 2︰3）was the most suitable medium for the reaction,whereas the appropriate molar ratio of vitamin E to succinic anhydride and reaction temperature were 1︰5 and 40°C,respectively.Under these reaction conditions,the yield of vitamin E succinate reached 94.4%.N435-S could be reused for five batches.

Effect of vitamin E succinate on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells

Objective：Tn investigate the growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by vitamin E suceinate （VES） on human breast cancer cells and to analyze the possible mechanism in this process. Methods： Human breast cancer cell line Bcap-37 was treated with VES for 12, 24 and 48 h at the concentrations of 5, 10and 20 μg/ml. Then MTT assay was employed to detect the inhibitory effect of VES on the growth of breast cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis. To find out whether the Fas/FasL pathway was involved in this process, RT-PCR and flow cytometry assay were used to detect the Fas expression at the mRNA and protein level. Results： VESexhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of human breast cancer cells, presenting in a dose- and time-dependant manner. The apoptotic rate of Bcap 37 cells was 0.6%, rose to 21.0% and 37.5% after treated with VES for 24 and 48 h at the concentration of 20 μg/ml. Fas mRNA transcription was upregulated after VES treatment and cell surface Fas expression increased according to the flow cytometry assay. Concluslon：Significant growth inhibition and apoptosis are induced in human breast cancer cells after treated with VES. The modulation of Fas/FasL pathway may related to the upregulation of Fas molecule on the cancer cell surface.

VES抑制Raji细胞增殖中对CDK2和Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的 比较观察维生素E琥珀酸酯 (VES)和维生素E(VE)对人单核细胞白血病Raji细胞的抗增殖作用及对细胞周期素依赖性激酶 2 (CDK2 ) ,细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl- 2、Bax的影响。方法 应用荧光显微镜、流式细胞仪、免疫细胞化学染色等技术方法 ,体外观察VES和VE对Raji细胞的作用。结果 VES和VE对Raji细胞均有程度不一的生长抑制作用 ,2 0 μg/mlVES对Raji细胞的生长抑制在 72h即达 10 0 % ,而 2 0 μg/mlVE的抑制率仅与 5 μg/mlVES的接近。VES较强的生长抑制作用与诱发细胞凋亡的明显增加同步发生 ,具有剂量效应和时间效应关系 ,同时VES作用后 ,细胞内CDK2蛋白 ,Bcl- 2蛋白表达下降 ,Bax蛋白表达增加。结论 VES通过影响细胞周期调控因子CDK2 ,细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl- 2。

VES诱导的人口腔鳞癌Tca8113细胞凋亡作用机制的初步研究

目的:明确维生素E琥珀酸酯(vitamin E succinate,VES)诱导的人口腔鳞癌Tca8113细胞的凋亡作用,初步探讨其凋亡机制。方法:PI单染色和Annexin Ⅴ-PI双染色后,流式细胞术检测VES对细胞周期的影响及细胞凋亡率;RT-PCR、west-ernblot法检测促凋亡基因bax在mRNA水平和蛋白水平上的表达。结果:VES能显著抑制Tca8113细胞的生长,诱导出现典型的凋亡峰,bax基因及蛋白表达上调。结论:VES能诱导口腔鳞癌细胞Tca8113的凋亡,该作用可能与bax基因表达上调有关。

VES对人胃癌细胞中细胞周期调控因子蛋白表达的影响

本研究采用免疫细胞化学方法检测了维生素Ｅ琥珀酸酯（ＶＥＳ）处理人胃癌（ＳＧＣ－７９０１）细胞４８小时后某些细胞周期调控因子及细胞凋亡调控基因的蛋白表达。结果表明ＶＥＳ能明显抑制ＳＧＣ－７９０１细胞的ｐ１６、ｐ５３、ｐ２１和ＰＣＮＡ的蛋白表达并均有明显的剂量－效应关系。以ｐ１６的降低作用最为明显，依次顺序为ｐ２１、ｐ５３和ＰＣＮＡ。与此相反，在ＶＥＳ处理后ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白表达被明显诱导。上述结果提示在离体试验条件下ＶＥＳ具有潜在的抗癌作用。

VES对Her-2、p53共表达乳腺癌细胞的抑制作用及机制

目的:研究VES对Her-2、p53共表达乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-453细胞的增殖、凋亡的影响、通过检测Her-2、p53探讨VES抑制乳腺癌细胞生长的机制。方法:应用MTT法检测VES对MDA-MB-453细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化及细胞凋亡;RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学法分别检测Her-2基因mRNA和Her-2、p53蛋白表达水平。结果:VES能抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-453细胞增殖,随VES剂量的增加,抑制作用增强。其中20μg/ml VES处理组在48h后受到明显抑制,抑制率达52.25%;经VES处理后细胞出现凋亡,5μg/ml处理48h后,凋亡率为39.52%;药物干预组使肿瘤细胞大量阻滞于G1期(P<0.01);RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学法结果表明,VES能抑制Her-2基因mRNA的转录水平,从而抑制其蛋白的表达,也能降低p53蛋白的表达。结论:VES可诱导Her-2、p53共表达乳腺癌MDA-MB-53细胞凋亡,抑制增殖。其机制可能是通过抑制Her-2基因mRNA及蛋白的表达和通过抑制突变型p53蛋白的表达使细胞停滞于G1有关。

VES体外抑制Raji细胞增殖及机制的初步研究

目的 观察维生素E琥珀酸酯 (VES)体外对人单核细胞白血病Raji细胞的抗增殖作用及对细胞周期和细胞周期素依赖性激酶 2 (CDK2 )的影响。方法 应用荧光显微镜、流式细胞仪、免疫细胞化学染色等技术方法 ,体外观察VES对Raji细胞的作用。结果 VES对Raji细胞的生长抑制作用与诱发细胞凋亡的明显增加同步发生 ,具有剂量效应和时间效应关系 ,同时VES作用后 ,细胞内CDK2蛋白表达下降 ,细胞周期发生变化 ,细胞阻滞于G1期。结论 VES通过影响细胞周期调控因子CDK2的表达从而干扰细胞周期可能是其抗肿瘤的途径之一。

FADD在VES诱导人胃腺癌细胞凋亡中的作用

目的 了解带有死亡结构域的Fas相关蛋白（FADD）在维生素E琥珀酸酯（VES）诱导胃腺癌细胞凋亡过程中的作用。方法 以人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞作为靶细胞,采用 Western Blot法、Lipofect转染法、DAPI染色法探讨FADD在VES诱导SGC-7901细胞凋亡过程中的作用。结果 经不同剂量VES处理后,SGC-7901细胞中FADD蛋白表达增加,呈剂量-效应关系;该细胞经FADD反义寡核苷酸转染与正义寡核苷酸转染相比,VES处理的细胞中FADD蛋白表达下降;用FADD反义寡核苷酸转染SGC-7901细胞后,降低了VES诱导的细胞凋亡率。结论FADD在VES诱导SGC-7901细胞凋亡过程中起着重要的作用。

α-Vitamin E derivative, RRR-α-tocopheryloxybutyric acid inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cells

Aim： To investigate the activity of RRR-α-tocopheryloxybutyric acid （TOB）, an ether analog of RRR-α-tocopheryl succinate （VES）, in prostate cancer cells. Methods： VES and TOB were used to treat prostate cancer LNCaP, PC3, and 22Rvl cells and primary-cultured prostate fibroblasts. The proliferation rates were determined by MTT assay, the cell viabilities were determined by trypan blue exclusion assay, and the cell deaths were evaluated by using Cell Death Detection ELISA kit. The protein expression levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Results： The MTT growth assay demonstrated that TOB could effectively suppress the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, but not normal prostate fibroblasts. Mechanism dissections revealed that TOB reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells similar to VES. In addition, both TOB and VES suppressed prostate-specific antigen （PSA） at the transcriptional level leading to reduced PSA protein expression. Furthermore, vitamin D receptor （VDR） expression increased after the addition of TOB. Conclusion： Our data suggests that the VES derivative, TOB, is effective in inhibiting prostate cancer cell proliferation, suggesting that TOB could be used for both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic purposes in the future.

Vitamin E Succinic Acid enhances the effect of mDRA-6 to eradicate leukemia cells by inducing apoptosis

Objective: The aim of our study was to detect whether Vitamin E Succinic Acid (VES) could regulate the expression level of DR5 in the cells and further elucidate the potential mechanisms involving that VES enhances the effect of mDRA-6 to eradicate leukemia Raji and K562 cells. Methods: MTT method was used to detect the growth inhibition of VES and mDRA-6 to Raji and K562 cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay was used to analysis the apoptosis of leukemia cell. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell surface DR5 expression. Immunoblotting technique was used to detect the DR5 protein expression. Results: MTT detection showed that 10 μmol/L mDRA-6 on the cell death rates of Raji and K562 cells were 21.98% and 5.23%, respectively. While increasing concentration of VES (5 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L, 20 μmol/L) and mDRA-6 both on the cell viability of Raji or K562 cells, the mortality of Raji cells elevated to 24.67%, 35.65% (P<0.01) and 40.22% (P<0.01), respectively. Similarly, the mortality of K562 cells increase to 6%, 7.89% (P<0.01) and 8.67% (P<0.01), respectively. To further specify the increased cell death rate induced by mDRA-6 and VES, the treated cells were analyzed by Annexin-V/PI staining assay. As shown in Fig. 1, the apoptosis rates of Raji and K562 cells treated with 2 μg/mL mDRA-6 for 12 h were 20.79% and 7.74%. Compared with this, the proportion of apoptotic cells increased upon exposure to 2 μg/mL mDRA-6 combination with 10 μmol/L VES, the apoptosis rates of Raji and K562 cells were 43.18% and 16.99%, respectively. To examine the anticancer effects of a combination strategy based on mDRA-6 and VES. We analyzed whether VES could elevated the expression level of DR5 on Raji and K562 cytomembrane by FACS. Interestingly, after treated with 10 μmol/L VES for 12 h, the expression level of DR5 on Raji and K562 cell surface increased from 50.66% to 70.08%, and 15.02% to 16.38%, respectively. Immune imprinting technology test showed that, different concentrations of VES could increase Raji and K562 cell DR5 protein expression. Conclusion: VES enhances the effect of mDRA-6 to eradicate leukemia Raji and K562 cells. The proper mechanism is VES could enhance the Raji and K562 cell membrane expression of DR5, and VES can also enhance the DR5 protein expression of cells.

吡啶羧酸铬、VE对樱桃谷鸭肉鸭生产性能及胴体品质的影响

试验选择1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭600只,公母各半,随机分为3组,每组200只,每组分性别设组内重复4个,每个重 复25只,分栏饲养二阶段(0～3周、4～7周)49天.各试验组在基础饲粮相同的条件下,以吡啶羧酸铬与VE为试验因子, 分别添加0、400μgCr/kg、400μgCr/kg+100mgVE/kg,研究吡啶羧酸铬、VE对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能与胴体品质的影响.试 验结果表明:吡啶羧酸铬与VE具有提高肉鸭日增重、降低料肉比、显著降低皮脂率、提高胸肌、腿肌率、改善胴体品 质、增加肉质嫩度、延长胸肉货柜贮藏期的作用.

VE和L-肌肽对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、抗氧化、非特异性免疫及血清生化指标的影响

实验以大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼[(14.00±0.02)g]为研究对象,采用2×4双因素设计,设2个VE水平(0和75 mg/kg)和4个L-肌肽水平(0、50、100和200 mg/kg),研究VE和L-肌肽对其生长、抗氧化、非特异性免疫及血清生化指标的影响。实验共分8组,每组3个重复,每个重复46尾鱼,实验周期为8周。结果显示:(1)在饲料中添加75 mg/kg VE显著提高了大菱鲆幼鱼增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)(P<0.05),L-肌肽添加量≤100 mg/kg对实验鱼生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05),添加量为200 mg/kg时鱼体WGR、SGR和蛋白质效率(PER)显著降低,饲料系数(FCR)显著升高(P<0.05);(2)VE和L-肌肽对血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量及肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和MDA含量均具有显著的交互作用(P<0.05),在VE 75 mg/kg水平下,L-肌肽添加量为50和100 mg/kg时血清GSH-PX活性最高,L-肌肽添加量为100和200 mg/kg时血清CAT活性最高且与添加量为50 mg/kg差异不显著(P>0.05),添加100 mg/kg肝脏T-AOC和SOD活性达到最高且50 mg/kg组的SOD与100 mg/kg组差异不显著(P>0.05),主效应结果显示,VE显著提高了血清T-AOC、SOD及肝脏CAT活性(P<0.05),L-肌肽显著提高了血清T-AOC(P<0.05);(3)VE和L-肌肽对血清补体C3和LZM活性交互作用显著,在75 mg/kg VE水平下,L-肌肽添加量为50 mg/kg时,补体C3水平最高(P<0.05),主效应显示,VE和L-肌肽对血清总蛋白(TP)影响均不显著(P>0.05);(4)添加VE显著降低了血清总胆固醇(TCHO)和甘油三酯(TG)含量(P<0.05),添加L-肌肽显著降低了血清TG含量,且在L-肌肽50 mg/kg时达到最低。综合考虑大菱鲆幼鱼[(14.00—39.43)g]的生长性能、抗氧化性能、非特异性免疫及血清生化指标得出,在实验配方条件下(鱼油70 g/kg,大豆卵磷脂10 g/kg),添加VE 75 mg/kg时,L-肌肽的适宜添加量为50 mg/kg。

胎膜早破孕妇血清MDA、SOD、VE的测定及意义

目的通过对胎膜早破孕妇血清氧化应激指标—超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛及维生素E的测定,分析3个指标在胎膜早破发病机制中的意义。方法用化学比色法对30例正常孕足月妇女及20例胎膜早破孕妇血清中超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛及维生素E进行测定。结果与正常孕足月妇女相比,胎膜早破孕妇血清丙二醛水平升高(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶、维生素E水平下降(P<0.05,P<0.05)。结论上述3个指标对于胎膜早破的预防及治疗有重要意义。

Redox-responsive biocompatible nanocarriers based on novel heparosan polysaccharides for intracellular anticancer drug delivery

Heparosan is a natural precursor of heparin biosynthesis in mammals. It is stable in blood circulation but can be degraded in lysosomes, showing good biocompatibility and long circulation features. So heparosan can be designed as anticancer drug carriers to increase tumor selectivity and improve the therapeutic effect. A novel redox-sensitive heparosancystamine-vitamin E succinate(KSV) micelle system was constructed for intracellular delivery of doxorubicin(DOX). Simultaneously, the redox-insensitive heparosan-adipic acid dihydrazide-vitamin E succinate copolymer(KV) was synthesized as control. DOX-loaded micelles(DOX/KSV) with an average particle size of 90–120 nm had good serum stability and redox-triggered depolymerization. In vitro drug release test showed that DOX/KSV micelles presented obvious redox-triggered release behavior compared with DOX/KV. Cytotoxicity and cell uptake were investigated using MGC80-3 tumor cells and COS7 fibroblast-like cells. The cell survival rate of blank micelles was more than 90%, and the cytotoxicity of DOX/KSV in MGC80-3 cells was higher than in COS7 cells, indicating that the carrier has better biocompatibility and less toxicity side effect. The cytotoxicity of DOX/KSV against MGC80-3 cells was significantly greater than that of free DOX and DOX/KV. Furthermore, compared with DOX/KV in MGC80-3 cells, DOX/KSV micelles uptook more anticancer drugs and then released DOX faster into the cell nucleus. The micelles were endocytosed by multiple pathways, but clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the main pathway. Therefore, heparosan polysaccharide could be a potential option as anticancer carrier for enhancing efficacy and mitigating toxicity.

Efficient drug delivery and anticancer effect of micelles based on vitamin E succinate and chitosan derivatives

Nanocarriers have emerged as a promising cancer drug delivery strategy.Multi-drug resistance caused by overexpression of multiple-drug excretion transporters in tumor cells is the major obstacle to successful chemotherapy.Vitamin E derivatives have many essential functions for drug delivery applications,such as biological components that are hydrophobic,stable,water-soluble enhancing compounds,and anticancer activity.In addition,vitamin E derivatives are also effective mitocan which can overcome multi-drug resistance by binding to P glycoproteins.Here,we developed a carboxymethyl chitosan/vitamin E succinate nano-micellar system(O-CMCTS-VES).The synthesized polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform IR,and 1H NMR spectra.The mean sizes of O-CMCTS-VES and DOX-loaded nanoparticles were around 177 nm and 208 nm.The drug loading contents were 6.1%,13.0%and 10.6%with the weight ratio of DOX to O-CMCTS-VES corresponding 1:10,2:10 and 3:10,and the corresponding EEs were 64.3%,74.5%and 39.7%.Cytotoxicity test,hemolysis test and histocompatibility test showed that it had good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo.Drug release experiments implied good pH sensitivity and sustained-release effect.The DOX/O-CMCTS-VES nanoparticles can be efficiently taken up by HepG2 cancer cells and the tumor inhibition rate is up to 62.57%.In the in vivo study by using H22 cells implanted Balb/C mice,DOX/O-CMCTS-VES reduced the tumor volume and weight efficiently with a TIR of 35.58%.The newly developed polymeric micelles could successfully be utilized as a nanocarrier system for hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of solid tumors.

Effects of Vitamin E and Selenium on Free Radicals Metabolism of Broilers

To study effects of vitamin E （VE） and selenium （Se） on dynamic variation rules, functions and metabolisms of different free radicals, 2 weeks age chicks were reared using four kinds of dietaries that differed in their VE and Se content. Free radicals in blood and tissues of broiler chicks were detected directly or indirectly using electron spin resonance （ESR） testing and biology chemistry methods. Results showed that NO free radical contents were decreasing due to the increasing of VE supplement in dietary and VE level was negatively correlated with NO free radicals. High Se supplement dietaries had the trend to induce the produce of NO free radicals. High VE and Se level dietaries significantly enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in serum and liver. Depending on time, SOD and GSH-Px activities were declining and increasing respectively, which indicated that being short of VE and/or Se in dietaries could link to the produce of O-2, H2O2 free radicals. With the deficiency lasting, organism would continuously produce large amounts of O-2 free radicals but H2O2 free radicals were just produced explosively at the beginning of deficiency and than tended to be steady. Low VE and/or Se levels in dietaries could remarkably enhance malondialdehyde（MDA）contents in tissues and the effect of low Se was stronger. VE and Se in dietary had synergic effect on metabolisms of NO, O-2 and H2O2 free radicals.

VE TPGS-Loaded Silk Fibroin / Hydroxybutyl Chitosan Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Skin Care Application

Vitamin E( VE) is an ideal antioxidant and a stabilizing agent in biological membranes. In this study,silk fibroin( SF) /hydroxybutyl chitosan( HBC) nanofibrous scaffolds are loaded with VE tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate( VE TPGS) via electrospinning. SEM images show that the average nanofibrous diameter has no significant difference when the content of VE TPGS increases to 4. 0%( SF / HBC). However,the average nanofibrous diameter decreases largely to 200 nm when the VE TPGS content reaches 6. 0%. Furthermore,VE TPGS presents a sustained release behavior from the nanofibrous scaffolds. Cell viability studies of mouse skin fibroblasts( L929) demonstrate that VE TPGS loaded SF / HBC nanofibrous scaffolds present good cellular compatibility.Moreover,the incorporation of VE TPGS could strengthen the ability of SF / HBC nanofibrous scaffolds on protecting the cells against oxidation stress using the Tertbutyl hydroperoxide( t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury model. Therefore,VE TPGS-loaded SF /HBC nanofibrous scaffolds might be potential candidates for personal skin care,wound dressing and skin tissue engineering scaffolds.

正相高效液相色谱法测定食物中8种维生素E异构体及维生素A

建立了正相高效液相色谱测定食物中8种维生素E异构体及维生素A的方法。样品中的维生素E异构体和维生素A经皂化和液液萃取,Waters ACQUITYTMUPLC BEH Amide色谱柱(150 mm×3.0 mm,1.7μm)分离,体积比为90∶10的正己烷与叔丁基甲基醚-四氢呋喃-甲醇(20∶10∶1,v/v/v)为流动相,荧光检测器和紫外检测器串联检测。4种生育酚在5.0~60.0 mg/L(r^2≥0.999 9)、维生素A和4种三烯生育酚在0.5~6.0 mg/L(r^2≥0.999 6)范围内具有良好的线性,各基质中目标物的检出限在20~60μg/kg之间;9个组分在各基质中的加标回收率为79.2%~114.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1%~12%。该方法简便、灵敏、可靠、环保,可用于食物中8种维生素E异构体以及维生素A含量的同时测定。

维生素E琥珀酸酯诱导胃癌细胞凋亡

目的 探讨维生素E琥珀酸酯 (VES)诱导人胃癌SGC - 790 1细胞凋亡执行阶段的机制。方法 分别将对照组 0 1 %无水乙醇和 5 ,1 0 ,2 0 μg/mlVES加入培养液中 ,2 4h后通过荧光染色观察细胞核形态和线粒体跨膜电位(ΔΨm)改变 ,并用Western蛋白印记检测凋亡诱导因子在线粒体和细胞质中的重新分布。结果 VES可明显诱导人胃癌SGC - 790 1细胞凋亡 ,2 0 μg/mlVES可使细胞凋亡率达到 49 7% ,伴有ΔΨm 的明显降低 ,并有凋亡诱导因子自线粒体中的释放。结论 VES可能是通过使线粒体通透性改变 ,降低ΔΨm,并释放线粒体中的凋亡诱导因子 ,诱导SGC - 790