三维超声VOCAL技术:一种精确测量子宫肌瘤体积的方法

目的:评估二维超声(2D-US)、三维超声VOCAL技术(3D-VOCAL)对子宫肌瘤体积(UMV)测量的精确性。方法:选取2022年10月~2023年4月于福建医科大学附属龙岩第一医院行子宫肌瘤外科手术治疗的患者45例,术前运用2D-US、3D-VOCAL对UMV进行测量,与手术切除后的实际肌瘤体积进行比较,评估两种超声技术测量UMV的准确性及重复性。结果:3D-VOCAL测量肌瘤体积的一致性(ICC=0.992)高于2D-US(ICC=0.976),且3D-VOCAL在不同大小肌瘤中的ICC均高于2D-US(均P<0.001)。2D-US、3D-VOCAL、手术术后3组间UMV测值的体积在最大径<8 cm差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而3组间在最大径≥8 cm差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);进一步两两分析显示,在最大径≥8 cm UMV中,2D-US与手术术后的UMV测值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),3D-VOCAL与手术术后的UMV测值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3D-VOCAL在不同观察者间及观察者内的一致性均优于2D-US。结论:3D-VOCAL对于术前UMV的测量优于2D-US,是一种简便、高效的可靠方法,为临床随访提供理论依据。

A Study of the Effect of Sichuan Opera Singing on the Vocal Skills of Music Students

The purpose of the article is to explore the effects of Sichuan opera singing on music majors’vocal skills,focusing on three key aspects:pitch test,assessment of rhythmic perception,and emotional expression.Through a quasi-experimental design,100 music majors were selected as research subjects and divided into an experimental group that received Sichuan opera singing instruction and a control group that received traditional vocal instruction.The results showed that compared with the control group,the experimental group receiving Sichuan opera singing teaching showed significant improvement in pitch mastery,rhythm perception,and emotional expression.

The Contribution of Vocal Music Education in Colleges and Universities to Cultural Inheritance and Innovation

The importance of education and cultural inheritance is becoming increasingly prominent.Through literature review and empirical research,combining quantitative data and qualitative analysis,this paper assesses the teaching methods,curriculum,and student interest and participation in vocal music education in colleges and universities.The study found that vocal music education played a positive role in increasing students’participation in cultural activities,enhancing their identification with traditional music and improving their skills,despite problems such as inadequate teaching systems and homogenized curricula.In particular,the participation rate of students in cultural activities before and after the educational changes increased significantly from 31–54.7%to 62.4–83.6%,indicating that vocal music education can effectively stimulate students’enthusiasm for cultural participation.In addition,the strengthening of the teaching staff and innovations in teaching methods,such as the application of multimedia and virtual reality technologies,provide students with richer learning experiences and personalized learning paths.

三维超声VOCAL技术在女童性早熟中的早期诊断及临床应用价值

目的:探讨三维超声VOCAL技术在真性性早熟及单纯乳房早发育的诊断价值。方法:通过三维超声VOCAL对30例CPP女童、35例PT及62例正常女童进行子宫和卵巢的影像学测量,对比30例CPP女童治疗前后影像学变化。结果:CPP组的子宫和卵巢长径、宽径及厚径大于PT组及正常组(P<0.001);0-6岁组,子宫长度是诊断CPP的最佳指标(灵敏度为81%,特异性为97.1%);在6-8岁组,子宫体积是诊断CPP的最佳指标(灵敏度为85%,特异性为73.4%);30例CPP女童治疗后影像学指标均缩小。结论:三维超声VOCAL技术用于真性性早熟与单纯性乳房早发育的鉴别诊断及疗效评估具有简便、可靠、无创的特点。

Vocal structure, behavior and partitioning of all 23 Pternistis spp. into homologous sound(and monophyletic) groups

The aims of this research were (1) to provide a description of spurfowl Pternistis spp. calls and their social context;(2) to describe the divergence of advertisement calls;and (3) to appropri-ate 23 spurfowl species to homologous sound groups which have been synthesized with recognized monophyletic groups within Pternistis spurfowls. Sound group partitioning was primarily based on male advertisement calls. A total of 218 recordings (rendering^300 identifiable calls) were analyzed covering 22 out of 23 spurfowl species in Africa. One species was assessed from written accounts. The repertoire size per spurfowl varies between 7 and 11 calls. Spurfowl calls were arranged into three broad categories including (1) advertisement calls;(2) maintenance calls including distress calls, juve-nile whining (“mews”), cheeps and comfort calls;and (3) male-female and female-offspring bonding calls. Spurfowl species were set out in eight sound groups of which five were more or less congruent with the monophyletic groups of Hall (1963), but sound groups produced more partitioning as Hall described only five groups relevant to Pternistis spp. The divergence of advertisement calls appar-ently minimizes hybridization between sympatric species but the“genetic distance”between spurfowl species is relatively small causing hybridization among spurfowl species. Despite the vocalizations of Hartlaub’s Spurfowl (P. hartlaubi) differing significantly from the rest of the spurfowls, sound analy-ses suggest that it remains within Pternistis.

Vocal repertoire of Azure-winged Magpies(Cyanopica cyanus):A context-associated communication system

Signals within animals’vocal communication are considered functional referential and context-specific.Even in the absence of the context,receivers are expected to acquire the information of calls and respond specificallyWhereas the framework was supported by plenty of evidence,its exhaustivity in describing all animal vocalisations has been questioned.Here,we investigated the vocal repertoire of a cooperatively breeding species,Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus),to present evidence for referential signals.The results showed that Azure-winged Magpies had a relatively large vocal repertoire,consisting of twelve distinct calls.These calls were associated with the context including movement,begging for food,contact,vigilance against predators,etc.However,even the predator-specific alarm calls would induce various responses of receivers.This implies that multiple pieces of information are involved in the vocalisation,which could be utilised by the receiver to select an appropriate response based on the surroundings.Our study gives a detailed description of the context and function of the vocal repertoire in Azure-winged Magpies,laying the foundation for further investigation on the developmental mechanisms of bird vocalisations.This study also suggests that the referential signals of animal vocalisations may not be limited to the context-specific responses of receivers and need to be discussed from a broader perspective.

基于Vocal的私网穿透的SBC(Session Border Controller)设计(英文)

随着技术的成熟,VoIP技术以更加迅猛的势头得到发展和普及,但是在这个过程中也不可避免的碰到一些困难和问题,VoIP应用如何穿越NAT的问题就是其中之一。VOCAL是完全基于SIP的VoIP开放源代码方案。如何穿越NAT也是用VOCAL系统开发VoIP服务必须解决的问题。研究了NAT技术给VoIP服务带来的问题,并且就当前主流的NAT穿透方案进行探讨,然后在此基础上选择一个无须对现有设备进行任何改动的VOCAL系统穿越NAT方案———SBC。并以VO-CAL系统为对象,研究SBC在VOCAL系统中的设计。

An Analysis of the Hoarse Speech Signals by the Three Mass Model of Vocal Cords *

A three mass model of vocal cords as well as mathematical expression of the model are discussed. Different kinds of typical hoarse speech due to laryngeal diseases are simulated on microcomputer and the effects of different pathological factors of vocal cords on model parameters are studied. Some typical spectrum distribution of the simulated speech signals are given. Moreover, hoarse speech signals of some typical cases are analyzed by the methods of digital signal processing, including FFT, LPC, Cepstrum technique, Pseudocolor encoding, etc. The experiment results show that the three mass model analysis of vocal cords is an efficient method for analysis of hoarse speech signals.

High frequency components in avian vocalizations

Ultrasonic communication in vertebrates is attracting increasing research interest.To determine if ultrasonic vocalization is common in birds,we recorded their vocalizations with ultrasound detectors in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve of Henan Province,China.We found varying degrees of high frequency components in the vocalizations of 14 species and in several of these species,the frequency of harmonics was up to the range of ultrasound.We suggest that more studies are required to determine whether the high frequency components in avian vocalizations have functions and what these functions are.In addition,the ability of birds to hear sounds in the high frequency range also requires re-examination.

Previously unknown behavior in parasitic cuckoo females:male-like vocalization during migratory activity

Background:In the last decade,enigmatic male-like cuckoo calls have been reported several times in East Asia.These calls exhibited a combination of vocal traits of both Oriental Cuckoo(Cuculus optatus)and Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)advertising calls,and some authors therefore suggested that the enigmatic calls were produced by either Common×Oriental Cuckoo male hybrids or Common Cuckoo males having a gene mutation.However,the exact identity of calling birds are still unknown.Methods:We recorded previously unknown male-like calls from three captive Oriental Cuckoo females,and compared these calls with enigmatic vocalizations recorded in the wild as well as with advertising vocalizations of Common and Oriental Cuckoo males.To achieve this,we measured calls automatically.Besides,we video-recorded captive female emitting male-like calls,and compared these recordings with the YouTube recordings of calling males of both Common and Oriental Cuckoos to get insight into the mechanism of call production.Results:The analysis showed that female male-like calls recorded in captivity were similar to enigmatic calls recorded in the wild.Therefore,Oriental Cuckoo females might produce the latter calls.Two features of these female calls appeared to be unusual among birds.First,females produced male-like calls at the time of spring and autumn migratory activity and on migration in the wild.Because of this,functional significance of this call remained puzzling.Secondly,the male-like female call unexpectedly combined features of both closed-mouth(closed beak and simultaneous inflation of the‘throat sac')and open-mouth(prominent harmonic spectrum and the maximum neck extension observed at the beginning of a sound)vocal behaviors.Conclusions:The Cuculus vocalizations outside the reproductive season remain poorly understood.Here,we found for the first time that Oriental Cuckoo females can produce male-like calls in that time.Because of its rarity,this call might be an atavism.Indeed,female male-like vocalizations are still known in non-parasitic tropical and apparently more basal cuckoos only.Therefore,our findings may shed light on the evolution of vocal communication in avian brood parasites.

Discussion on The Value Embodiment of Vocal Music Aesthetics in The Art of Vocal Music

With the continuous development of social economy in our country,communication between international culture,artistic and other aspects is also increasingly frequent.The improvement of material life inevitably bring the change of mental life.As a cross discipline between musical aesthetics and artistic aesthetics,vocal music aesthetics has gradually become the core content of vocal music art,and has been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars,the research on vocal music aesthetics has become an important subject in the ？ eld of theoretical research.By discussing the value of vocal music aesthetics in vocal music art,this paper further explores the connotation and function of vocal music aesthetics,in order to make a contribution to the prosperity and development of vocal music art of our country.

Vocal系统中SIP协议栈实现分析及应用

分析了Vocal系统中SIP协议栈的代码实现,并在此基础上实现了一个远程教学系统。

彩超联合三维VOCAL技术在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠诊断中的应用

目的旨在探讨二维成像技术联合三维VOCAL技术对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)诊断的超声多参数监测的评估价值。方法纳入2019~2020年在笔者医院就诊的CSP患者52例为病例组,选择同期入组的瘢痕子宫宫内妊娠(IUP)孕妇72例为对照组。采用彩超联合三维VOCAL技术检查,比较分析两组患者瘢痕处肌层厚度、瘢痕距宫颈外口长度及三维VOCAL技术获取的各项超声参数指标。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析三维VOCAL技术获取的血管指数(VI)、血流指数(FI)、血管血流指数(VFI)对CSP的诊断价值。结果两组瘢痕距宫颈外口长度、体积比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),病例组瘢痕处肌层厚度薄于对照组,VI、FI、VFI均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血流参数VI、FI和VFI诊断CSP的曲线下面积分别为0.826、0.798、0.856,VI、FI和VFI的截断值分别为≥6.01%、≥36.43、≥2.15。结论三维VOCAL技术是评价CSP血流定量参数的有效工具,VI、FI和VFI的最佳截断值分别为≥6.01%、≥36.43、≥2.15。彩超联合三维VOCAL技术诊断CSP可以为临床提供多参数信息,达到优化治疗,避免不良结局。

三维超声VOCAL技术用于测量胎儿小脑延髓池的临床价值

目的分析超声三维VOCAL技术测量胎儿后颅窝池的可行性,探讨不同孕周胎儿后颅窝池宽度的正常范围参考值。方法选择我院行产前超声检查20～35孕周正常胎儿220例,以年龄20～34岁孕妇作为测量对象,对胎儿进行超声后的随访。结果超声测量的220例正常胎儿中,后颅窝池整体容积在32周之前随着孕妇孕周的增加而扩大,33周之后随着孕周的增加而缩小,后颅窝池容积与孕周具有相关性(r=0.997,P<0.05)。结论 VOCAL技术测量后颅窝池的容积随着孕周的不同而不同,范围为2.0～13.0 mm,32周之前后颅窝池宽度随着孕周的增加而增加,33周之后随孕周的增加而减少,最大<13.0 mm。此结果为该技术测量胎儿后颅窝池宽度变化趋势提供了临床参考,也为评价胎儿神经系统发育提供重要依据。

三维超声VOCAL技术评价胎儿肺发育不良的临床价值研究

目的探讨应用三维超声VOCAL技术评价胎儿肺发育不良的临床价值。方法方便选择在2015年1月—2016年1月该院门诊接受常规检查的320例孕周为16~37周正常单胎妊娠孕妇以及12例超声检查发现胎儿肺发育不良的高危孕妇作为研究对象,对所有研究对象的胎儿进行肺三维超声体积检查,使用VOCAL技术测定胎儿左右肺的体积,分析左右肺和总肺的体积与孕周之间的关系。结果正常妊娠胎儿的左右肺和总肺体积均与孕周呈高度相关的关系（P〈0.001）。超声诊断结果、临床诊断结果以及病理诊断结果均基本符合。结论三维超声VOCAL技术可为16-37周胎儿提供评估肺发育不良的参考指标。

Effect of vocal respiratory training on respiratory function and respiratory neural plasticity in patients with cervical spinal cord injury:a randomized controlled trial

In previous studies,researchers have used singing to treat respiratory function in patients with spinal cord injury.However,few studies have examined the way in which vocal training affects respiratory neural plasticity in patients with spinal cord injury.Vocal respiratory training(VRT)is a type of vocal muscle-related treatment that is often a component of music therapy(MT)and focuses on strengthening respiratory muscles and improving lung function.In this randomized controlled study,we analyzed the therapeutic effects of VRT on respiratory dysfunction at 3 months after cervical spinal cord injury.Of an initial group of 37 patients,26 completed the music therapy intervention,which comprised five 30-minute sessions per week for 12 weeks.The intervention group(n=13)received VRT training delivered by professional certified music therapists.The control group(n=13)received respiratory physical therapy delivered by professional physical therapists.Compared with the control group,we observed a substantial increase in respiratory function in the intervention group after the 12-week intervention.Further,the nerve fiber bundles in the respiratory center in the medulla exhibited a trend towards increased diversification,with an increased number,path length,thickness,and density of nerve fiber bundles.These findings provide strong evidence for the effect of music therapeutic VRT on neural plasticity.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of China Rehabilitation Research Center(approval No.2020-013-1)on April 1,2020,and was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration No.Chi CTR2000037871)on September 2,2020.

三维超声联合VOCAL软件在评估子宫异常出血中的价值

目的探讨经阴道三维超声联合VOCAL软件在评估剖宫产术后子宫憩室形态差异与子宫异常出血相关性中的应用价值。方法解放军陆军特色医学中心2016年5月至2018年5月经阴道三维超声筛选出的剖宫产术后存在子宫憩室的患者230例,其中子宫异常出血患者(异常出血组)、月经正常患者(月经正常组)各115例。通过经阴道三维超声检查采集患者子宫憩室图像,采用VOCAL软件测量并比较2组患者的子宫憩室长度、宽度、深度、体积等形态参数,应用多因素Logistic回归分析其差异性与子宫异常出血的关系。结果子宫异常出血患者与月经正常患者比较,子宫憩室不同形状的构成比及不同子宫位置构成比差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05);与月经正常组患者比较,异常出血组患者子宫憩室的长度、宽度、深度和体积均较大,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,子宫位置、憩室长度、宽度、深度和体积是子宫异常出血的危险因素,其中憩室体积的OR值最大(10. 18)。结论经阴道三维超声联合VOCAL软件可准确获取子宫憩室特征参数,对剖宫产术后子宫异常出血的评估具有一定意义。

应用二维超声联合XI-VOCAL容积测量技术评估胎儿胆囊与孕周的关系

目的建立胎儿胆囊二维测值与相应孕周的正常值范围;应用XI-VOCAL容积测量技术,获得胎儿胆囊容积生长曲线方程,探讨胎儿胆囊容积与孕周的关系。方法选取2014年12月—2017年8月于本院行产前筛查的556例13～40周的单胎胎儿,孕妇无妊娠并发症且长期生活在成都地区,测量胎儿胆囊二维径线,采集孕22～32周260例胎儿胆囊容积,利用XI-VOCAL容积测量技术估算胎儿胆囊容积。结果正常胎儿胆囊二维、容积测值与孕周呈正相关,二维测值快速便捷,容积测值更为精确。结论胎儿胆囊大小异常多与染色体疾病相关,建立胎儿胆囊大小参考值对胎儿胆道系统发育情况、及早发现不良妊娠结局均有重要意义,二维超声联合容积成像可为观察胎儿胆系异常提供有价值的信息。

彩色多普勒超声联合VOCAL技术测定胎盘血管指数及胎盘植入中的临床价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声联合VOCAL技术测定胎盘血管指数及胎盘植入中的临床价值。方法选取本院65例中央型前置胎盘孕妇的临床资料,产前行三维能量多普勒超声检查,采用VOCAL技术定量检测胎盘血管化指数,包括血流指数、血管化指数及血管化血流指数。结果相比无产前胎盘植入组,产前胎盘植入组血流指数、血管化指数及血管化血流指数均显著增高(P<0.05)。经ROC曲线分析显示,血流指数、血管化指数及血管化血流指数对诊断产前胎盘植入的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.74、0.87、0.81,其诊断阈值分别为33.95、15.90、5.96。结论采用三维能量多普勒超声联合VOCAL技术定量检测胎盘血管指数可客观评价产前胎盘植入侵入肌层的范围及其深度,可为胎盘植入的产前诊断提供重要的依据。

Comparing vocal structures of the parasitic and nonparasitic groups in Cuculinae

Background: Avian brood parasitism is a breeding strategy in which brood parasites lay their eggs in the nest of other species.This behavior is closely related to aspects of the biological evolution of the parasitic species such as reduced female body size and plumage color polymorphism.However,not much is known whether it is associated with the evolution of vocalization.Methods: We collected samples of the typical male calls of 67 species belonging to the sub?family Cuculinae.Using the calls,we measured five acoustic parameters for each samples to test the differences in vocal structures between parasitic and nonparasitic species.To control for potential phylogenetic effects,we also performed phylogenetic independent contrast analyses.Results: We found that vocal structures were relatively similar among the parasitic species with a tendency to simple and low?frequency calls.In addition,harmonic structures were observed more frequently in the nonparasitic group.Conclusions: Overall,these results support the idea that brood parasitic behavior with associated ecological condi?tions may play a role in vocal evolution,a better understanding of which may greatly improve our knowledge of vocal diversification in non?oscine birds.