Configuration Consideration for Expander in Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Two-Stage Compression Cycle

To investigate the configuration consideration of expander in transcritical carbon dioxide two-stage compression cycle, the best place in the cycle should be searched for to reinvest the recovery work so as to improve the system efficiency. The expander and the compressor are connected to the same shaft and integrated into one unit, with the latter being driven by the former, thus the transfer loss and leakage loss can be decreased greatly. In these systems, the expander can be either connected with the first stage compressor (shortened as DCDL cycle) or the second stage compressor (shortened as DCDH cycle), but the two configuration ways can get different performances. By setting up theoretical model for two kinds of expander configuration ways in the transcritical carbon dioxide two-stage compression cycle, the first and the second laws of thermodynamics are used to analyze the coefficient of performance, exergy efficiency, inter-stage pressure, discharge temperature and exergy losses of each component for the two cycles. From the model results, the performance of DCDH cycle is better than that of DCDL cycle. The analysis results are indispensable to providing a theoretical basis for practical design and operating.

Stage Predictions of Landslide and Subsidence from an Once-Through Cycle

In this paper both processes of landslide and subsidence are considered to be limited systems. Each of these systems in nature might be regarded as an organism. Generally their lifespan must develop with common ecological characteristics, including several evolutional stages, such as initiation, growth, maturation, decline and death. Among these stages, maturation is emphasized so as to find the occurring or thriving date of both systems. An once-through cycle of both landslide and subsidence is established and is accurately predicted by a developed, mathematic model of the Poisson cycle. The Weibull distribution is cited for a landslide example. Both fundamentals are discussed. Stage predictions of landslide and subsidence are performed for several examples. Back analysis of landslides that have already happened are studied with the same model. And when compared with results from the biological mathematic model and with practical results, it is found that they correspond. Stage prediction of subsidences is also researched by the principle of the Poisson cycle.

Resistance Torque Based Variable Duty-Cycle Control Method for a Stage Ⅱ Compressor

The resistance torque of a piston stage II com- pressor generates strenuous fluctuations in a rotational period, and this can lead to negative influences on the working performance of the compressor. To restrain the strenuous fluctuations in the piston stage II compressor, a variable duty-cycle control method based on the resistance torque is proposed. A dynamic model of a stage II com- pressor is set up, and the resistance torque and other characteristic parameters are acquired as the control tar- gets. Then, a variable duty-cycle control method is applied to track the resistance torque, thereby improving the working performance of the compressor. Simulated results show that the compressor, driven by the proposed method, requires lower current, while the rotating speed and the output torque remain comparable to the traditional vari- able-frequency control methods. A variable duty-cycle control system is developed, and the experimental results prove that the proposed method can help reduce the specific power, input power, and working noise of the compressor to 0.97 kW.m-3.min-1, 0.09 kW and 3.10 dB, respectively, under the same conditions of discharge pressure of 2.00 MPa and a discharge volume of 0.095 m3/rain. The proposed variable duty-cycle control method tracks the resistance torque dynamically, and improves the working performance of a Stage II Compressor. The pro- posed variable duty-cycle control method can be applied to other compressors, and can provide theoretical guidance for the compressor.

Secondary Cones of the Shatsky Rise and Implications for Late-Stage Volcanism Atop Oceanic Plateaus

Oceanic plateaus are large igneous provinces in the oceans,created by massive underwater eruptions,but their late-stage volcanism is poorly understood.With the addition of recent high-quality bathymetric data to existing data,286 secondary cones were discovered over Shatsky Rise oceanic plateau.These cones with steeper flank slopes(mean 6.1°±4.4°)and smaller sizes(102–1923 m in height)are morphologically distinct from the plateau,and they are thought to have formed after the main volcanic episodes.Cone height and characteristic height(420 m)are close to seamounts in the Pacific Ocean,whereas greater than those in the Atlantic Ocean.Mean flatness of Shatsky Rise’s cones(0.25±0.20)are similar to that of seamounts in both Pacific and Atlantic Oceans,but notably density in cone distribution(0.56 km^-3)and their mean slope are significantly lower than those of seamounts in the two oceans.Lower slopes of secondary cones within Shatsky Rise may be explained by higher effusion rates of remaining magma.Although cone formation was expected to have a link to rifting by seafloor spreading,weak relationship between cone orientation and magnetic anomaly pattern implies that the expectation is negative.Moreover,weak correlation between the cone height and depth indicates it is not true that volcanic cones grow taller when they occur closer to the massif summits with thicker oceanic crust,which was suggested as the increase in hydraulic pressure.Cone height and flatness are also not strongly related,implying that remaining magma supply was too limited to foster the cones to critical height.

“Life-cycle servant”释义--立身期徒工

未成年人离家外出做"life-cycle servant"是英国乃至欧洲中世纪晚期以来普遍存在的现象,也是探究西方家庭、婚姻、人口、资本主义雇佣关系等学术问题的重要内容。然而,国内还未予以充分关注,对这一概念的释义也未取得一致认同。从这一词汇所涵盖的基本内容看,译为"立身期徒工"较为符合本义。

小小地质微生物演绎跨圈层的相互作用

地球系统科学特别关注跨圈层的相互作用,包括深部系统与表层系统的相互作用、表层系统海-陆-气之间的相互作用。这种庞大时空尺度的地质作用过程可以被小小的地质微生物记录下来,足见地质微生物的以小见大、见微知著特征。在二叠纪-三叠纪之交和晚奥陶世这两个完全不同场景的显生宙火山活动过程中,爆发的初期都出现了包括蓝细菌在内的海洋固氮微生物繁盛,紧接着出现了包括藻类、放射虫、有孔虫等真核微生物的繁盛,显示了火山活动引发了从原核微生物向真核微生物群落的转变过程。不仅如此,人们还发现地质微生物可以通过条带状铁建造等生物成因岩石引发了前寒武纪的火山活动,而且还可能启动了最早的板块运动。地质微生物不仅对火山活动这一与碳循环有关的跨圈层地质作用具有很灵敏的响应和反馈能力,而且还能示踪表层系统复杂的海-陆-气相互作用及其物质传输过程。利用地质微生物的诸多干湿古气候代用指标,发现了中国东部地区不同时间尺度干湿状况的三极模态空间变化格局,而且还识别出了西北地区与西太平洋海洋上层热量有关的极端干旱事件。地质微生物记录的这些干湿状况是高纬与低纬的海-陆-气相互作用在水循环方面的体现。地质微生物演绎的与碳循环和水循环有关的这些跨圈层过程仅是地球系统的冰山一角,随着地球生物学的发展和技术方法的创新,越来越多的宜居地球形成之谜会被地质微生物所破解,包括地质微生物与深部过程的互馈效应、地质微生物与地球重大环境转型的关系以及地质微生物对地球生态系统演化的影响。

基于双级节流制冷循环的天然气液化工艺模拟与优化

液化天然气以其安全可靠、汽化潜热高、环境污染小等特点,在天然气贸易中占据重要位置,但天然气液化工艺系统功耗大以及液化成本较高等问题仍然存在。为此,基于2个双级节流制冷循环的天然气液化工艺系统,采用Aspen HYSYS软件,以比功耗、㶲效率、液化率和总成本作为评价指标,分析了关键参数对系统性能的影响;然后对2个系统进行了单目标和多目标优化,确定了系统的最优运行工况;最后对2个系统的最优性能进行对比,并采用LINMAP与TOPSIS方法对Pareto前沿进行决策,在最优工况下对系统设备进行了㶲分析。研究结果表明:①节流阀V1、V3、V4的节流压力增大,或乙烯质量流量增大,均会使系统比功耗先减后增;单目标优化结果显示系统B性能优于系统A;②采用LINMAP与TOPSIS方法对Pareto前沿的决策结果有所差别,基于LINMAP方法的决策结果表明,系统B的总成本优于系统A,系统A的比功耗和㶲效率更优,综合性能更好;③基于TOPSIS方法的决策结果表明,系统A的比功耗优于系统B,系统B的㶲效率和总成本更优,综合性能更好;④㶲分析结果显示,节流阀及换热器的㶲损较大。结论认为,开展双级节流制冷循环天然气液化工艺研究,对其进行参数分析和优化,能够为天然气液化工艺设计创新提供借鉴,将有助于天然气液化行业的高质量发展。

锂电池的两阶段老化过程经验模型与分析

锂离子电池的老化过程可分为固体电解质界面膜增长和锂沉积机制主导的2个阶段。为了快速准确预测锂离子电池的循环寿命,并快速识别老化过程两阶段的转折点,建立了基于锂电池电化学过程模型的两阶段老化过程经验模型。针对镍钴锰酸锂电池的老化过程,基于电池两阶段电化学过程模型获得不同参数条件下两阶段的电池老化数据,采用两步非线性拟合方法获得了锂离子电池两阶段老化过程的经验模型,验证了该经验模型的有效性,并与传统的半经验模型进行了对比分析。结果表明:所建立的电池老化过程经验模型可以有效预测不同参数条件下电池的两阶段老化过程。特别是在电池加速老化阶段,所建立的经验模型明显优于传统的半经验模型。

轻钢结构建筑物化阶段碳排放及减排的研究

建筑行业碳排放量占社会碳排放总量的40%左右,其中,建筑物化阶段的碳排放总量最大,且强度高,该阶段碳减排是建筑减排的重要突破口。目前,大部分建筑减排研究主要针对传统现浇钢筋混凝土建筑,对于轻钢结构建筑的研究较少,针对轻钢建筑物化阶段碳排放的研究更少。本研究构建了轻钢建筑物化阶段碳排放计算模型,选取北京某轻钢结构建筑为案例,通过计算物化阶段的碳排放,分析建材生产、运输、施工建造各阶段的碳排放,发现轻钢结构建筑在各阶段有较大的减排潜力,并提出相应的减排措施。

新型喷射增效压缩空气储能系统性能

针对压缩空气储能系统恒压运行会存在较大的压力损失,提出了一种新型喷射增效压缩空气储能系统,采用两级喷射器引射膨胀机做功后的乏气,回收部分压力能的同时增加膨胀机进气流量,从而提高系统的发电能力。建立新系统热力学模型,与相同运行参数下传统系统进行性能对比,并深入探究两级喷射器工作流体压力、引射流体压力以及中间压力对系统性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,当工作流体压力、引射流体压力以及中间压力升高时,系统全周期循环效率均呈近似抛物线变化趋势,进一步得到喷射器最佳工作参数;在最佳工况下,系统全周期循环效率为63.32%,与传统节流降压方式循环效率为62.41%相比,提升了0.91%。研究为喷射增效压缩空气储能系统减少节流损失、提高性能提供了理论依据。

胃肠道恶性肿瘤Cyclins表达分型与MDR1及TNM分期的关系

目的:研究胃肠道恶性肿瘤的4种主要Cyclins (Cyclin D1,E,A,B1)的表达规律,以此为依据对恶性肿瘤进行分型,并结合肿瘤标本中 MDR1(多药耐药基因1)的表达情况,与肿瘤 TNM分期进行相关性分析．方法:采用流式细胞术分析新鲜手术获取的 62例肿瘤标本(胃癌32例,结直肠癌30例)的 Cyclin D1,E,A,B1及MDR1表达情况,再记录术后病理报告进行TNM分期．结果:根据4种主要Cyclins的表达情况对恶性消化道肿瘤分为Ⅰ-Ⅳ型Cyclin非时相性表达类型,此Ⅰ-Ⅳ型细胞周期类型与TNM分期具有一致性,Kappa系数等于0．599(P<0．01)．Ⅰ- Ⅳ型细胞周期类型中MDR1的表达水平逐渐增高,等级相关系数rs为0．495(P<0．01)．结论:根据Cyclins的表达情况对消化道恶性肿瘤进行的分型具有与TNM分期相同的意义．在消化道肿瘤中,MDR1与肿瘤细胞周期素表达类型有关,对治疗具有指导意义．

钻井过程中井筒温度分布影响建模研究

为掌握钻井过程中的井筒温度分布规律。建立了直井钻井过程中井筒和地层瞬态二维传热模型,研究了入口温度、钻井液导热系数和地温梯度对直井井筒温度分布的影响,实验结果表明,环空内钻井液和钻柱内钻井液温差最大在井筒温度等于地层温度处;入口温度影响井口附近井筒温度,但井深增加后地温影响更大;钻井液密度增加,井筒上部温差增大;钻井液导热系数增加,井筒上部环空内温度降低,下部升高。模型计算结果与现场温度数据吻合度高,最大相对误差仅为1.65%和0.79%,表明模型有效可靠,可为钻井作业提供指导。

混凝土装配外墙板生产阶段环境影响评价

为定量评价预制构件生产阶段环境影响,基于生命周期评价理论构建了预制构件生产阶段环境影响评价框架。采用1 m^(3)混凝土装配外墙板为研究对象,将其生产阶段划分为8个单元过程进行环境影响分析。结果表明:全球变暖与固体废弃物为生产阶段环境影响的主要因素;钢筋绑扎入模、预埋件安装固定及浇筑混凝土过程产生的环境影响占整个生产阶段环境影响的主导地位。该研究结果可为评价装配式建筑提供数据支撑,为企业优化施工工艺提供理论依据。

中药汤剂四期调周疗法、中药外敷联合人工周期对肾虚湿热型宫腔粘连分离术后患者的影响

目的:探究中药汤剂四期调周疗法、中药外敷联合人工周期对肾虚湿热型宫腔粘连分离术后患者的影响。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年8月海宁市第二人民医院收治的80例肾虚湿热型宫腔粘连分离术后患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法将其分为治疗组和对照组,各40例。对照组给予人工周期治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予中药汤剂四期调周疗法、中药外敷。比较两组治疗前及治疗3个月经周期后宫腔粘连严重程度、子宫内膜厚度、月经量,临床疗效及不良反应。结果:治疗3个月经周期后,两组美国生育协会(AFS)评分明显低于治疗前,且治疗组AFS评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3个月经周期后,两组子宫内膜厚度、月经量均明显高于治疗前,治疗组子宫内膜厚度、月经量均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:中药汤剂四期调周疗法、中药外敷联合人工周期治疗肾虚湿热型宫腔粘连分离术后患者具有较好的临床效果,可减轻宫腔粘连严重程度,改善子宫及月经情况,且对不良反应无明显影响。

Mesozoic–Cenozoic Volcanic Cycle and Volcanic Reservoirs in East China

There are widespread Mesozoic–Cenozoic terrestrial volcanic activities in East China,and they produced favorable geologic factors for the volcanic reservoirs.To reveal the spatio-temporal evolution of regional volcanisms and their tectonic setting,we subdivide Mesozoic–Cenozoic volcanic activities into 6 volcanic cycles(Ⅰ–Ⅵ),and summarize the temporal-spatial distribution,rock association and tectonic setting of each cycle.The Cycle I forms a post-orogenic intraplate bimodal volcanic association.The cyclesⅡandⅢinclude arc volcanic associations formed in compressional and extensional subduction environments,respectively.The CycleⅣcontains a post-orogenic arc bimodal association.The CycleⅤis a basaltic association of tholeiite series under initial rift setting,and the CycleⅥis basaltic association of alkaline series under typical rift setting.The volcanic strata between each cycle are bounded by regional unconformity.The above 6 volcanic cycles correspond to 6 sequential stages of tectonic evolutions from the Early Jurassic post-orogeny,the Mid-Jurassic–Cretaceous subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate to the Cenozoic marginal rifting.According to the geological characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in different volcanic cycles,it is put forward that the CycleⅤis the major formation period of volcanic reservoirs in East China and should be the focus of exploration,and that the volcanic reservoirs of the CycleⅣare also worthy of attention.

Off-design Characteristics of IGCC System Based on Two-stage Coal-slurry Gasification Technology

整体煤气化联合循环（integrated gasification combinedcycle,IGCC）机组在一定情况下处于非设计工况运行。为了研究IGCC系统变工况特性,采用ThermoFlex软件建立基于两段式水煤浆气化技术的200 MW级整体煤气化联合循环系统模型,主要考查燃气轮机负荷、整体空分系数Xas、大气温度、大气压力对系统性能的影响。研究结果表明,降低燃气轮机负荷或者提高大气温度系统效率均呈先升高而后降低的趋势。整体空分系数Xas增加,机组发电效率降低。大气压力对系统效率影响较小。上述条件下采用两段水煤浆气化技术,系统性能可以得到有效改善。研究结果可为采用两段式水煤浆气化技术的IGCC系统的设计、运行提供参考。

Geopulsation,Volcanism and Astronomical Periods

Volcanism is mainly controlled by the intermittent release of energy in the earth. As far as the differential rotation of the earth’s inner core is concerned, the Galactic Year may change the gravitational constant G, the solar radiative quantity and the moving speed of the solar system and affect the exchange of angular momentum between core and mantle as well as the energy exchange between crust and mantle. As a result, this leads to eruptions of superplumes and magma, and controls the energy flow from core-mantle boundary (CMB) to crust. When the earth’s speed decreases, it will release a huge amount of energy. They are the reason of the correspondence of the volcanic cycles one by one with the astronomical periods one by one. According to the astronomical periods, volcanic eruptions may possibly be predicted in the future.

雷州半岛中西部第四纪火山岩的^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar年龄及地质意义

雷州半岛地区第四纪火山岩广泛分布,但对火山岩形成的时代还存在争议。文章利用高精度的激光阶段加热^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar法对雷州半岛中西部火山岩的年龄进行了测定,并结合与相邻地层的接触关系,划分了2个火山活动旋回。第Ⅰ旋回火山岩呈夹层产于湛江组内部,仅见于钻孔ZKC12中,岩性为橄榄拉斑玄武岩;第Ⅱ旋回火山岩在区内分布最广,覆盖在湛江组之上,^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar年龄为2.02~0.88 Ma,时代为早更新世早期至早更新世晚期,结合与周围地层的接触关系,进一步划分为4个喷发期。第1喷发期(Ⅱ_(1))规模最大,出露面积最广,形成2个喷发中心,^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar年龄为2.02±0.03 Ma;第2喷发期(Ⅱ_(2))主要分布于锅盖岭和北插一带,^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar年龄分别为1.77±0.03 Ma、1.70±0.03 Ma;第3喷发期(Ⅱ_(3))喷发中心位于火炬农场,^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar年龄为1.51±0.07 Ma;第4喷发期(Ⅱ_(4))岩性以沿裂隙喷发形成的溢流相的玄武质熔岩为主,^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar年龄为0.88±0.14 Ma。火山活动明显受北东向和北西向基底断裂的控制。研究成果为雷州半岛地区火山活动时代、期次和活动规律研究提供了重要年龄证据。

Effect of Different Reproductive Stages and Culture Times on Domestic Cat <i>in Vitro </i>Oocyte Maturation

The domestic cat has been used as a model to carry out comparative research in assisted reproduction, to be applied in wild cats. The efficiency in domestic cat IVM concerning the reproductive status and/or cultivation times has previously been investigated;however, the studies were carried out separately. The objective of this research was to evaluate the maturation of oocytes of domestic cats of different reproductive stages using two different in vitro culture times. The ovaries were obtained by Ooforo-Salpingo-Hysterectomy of cats that were of the following groups: 1) prepubertal, 2) follicular, 3) pregnant or 4) in anestrus. Maturation was carried out with TCM199 medium supplemented with BSA for 24 h and 48 h. On average, 29 ± 25, 20 ± 15, 17 ± 9 and 17 ± 13 oocytes/cat were recovered from the prepubertal follicular, pregnant, and anestrus stages, respectively, but did not show a significant difference (P > 0.05). Also, meiotic maturation did not show a significant difference between the different reproductive stages at 24 h and 48 h, respectively (P > 0.05). However, in the prepubertal and follicular stages, greater oocyte maturation numbers were observed at 48 h compared to 24 h (P < 0.05). In contrast, the aforementioned result was not observed in the pregnant and anestrus stages (P > 0.05), indicating that the in vitro culture duration is an important factor during in vitro maturation of domestic cat oocytes.

不同年龄阶段秃杉人工林微量元素分布及其生物循环特征

为了研究不同年龄阶段秃杉人工林微量元素的生物循环特征,以广西南丹县秃杉人工林为研究对象,通过样地调查观测和室内样品分析,对不同年龄阶段(9、17、25和37年生)秃杉人工林的5种微量元素(Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu和B)分布及其生物循环特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)5种微量元素在乔木层中平均质量分数为w(Mn)>w(Fe)>w(Zn)>w(B)>w(Cu);各微量元素在秃杉不同器官的质量分数存在差异且随林龄变化而变化。(2)9、17、25和37年生的秃杉人工林微量元素总贮存量分别为15.828、29.675、35.428和48.379 kg·hm^(-2),其中乔木层微量元素贮存量随林龄的增加而减少,分别占总贮存量的91.32%、88.00%、84.53%和83.59%;灌草层微量元素贮存量分别占总贮存量的2.41%、2.76%、3.94%、3.62%;凋落物层微量元素贮存量分别占总贮存量的6.27%、9.24%、11.52%、12.79%;各微量元素中Mn或Fe的贮存量最高,其次是Zn和B,Cu的贮存量最低。(3)乔木层中微量元素贮存量的分配随林龄的增加发生变化,树干(干材和干皮)和树根的比例随林龄增加而增大,树冠(树叶和树枝)所占比例则表现为相反的变化趋势。(4)林分微量元素年积累量分别为1.606、1.536、1.218和1.041 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),随林龄的增加而减少。不同微量元素中Mn的年净积累量最高,其次是Fe、B和Zn,Cu的年净积累量最低。(5)微量元素年吸收量分别为2.800、3.344、4.527和4.630 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),年归还量分别为1.164、2.651、3.309和3.589 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),微量元素的利用系数分别为0.194、0.128、0.149和0.117 a,循环系数分别为0.416、0.793、0.731和0.775;周转期分别为12.417、9.851、9.203和11.014 a。因此,秃杉人工林生长9年生时微量元素的积累较快,但归还速率慢,周转期较长,会较多消耗林地微量元素的有效养分;9年生后微量元素积累速率逐渐减慢,归还速率加快,有利于促进生态系统微量元素生物循环,维持和提高林地生产力。