Pharmacological Investigation of Voltage-dependent Ca^(2+) Channels in Human Ejaculatory Sperm in vitro

The types of the voltage-dependent calcium channels （VDCCs） in human ejaculatory sperm and the effects of calcium channel blocker （CCB） on human sperm motility parameters in vitro were investigated. The human sperm motility parameters in vitro in response to the pharmacological agents nifedipine （NIF, inhibitor of L-type VDCC） and ω-conotoxin （GVIA, inhibitor of N-type VDCC） were compared and analyzed statistically. The results showed that NIF （1, 5, 10 μmol/L） could not only significantly affect human sperm＇s shape but also spermatozoa motility after incubated at least 10 rain in vitro （P〈0.001）. GVIA （0.1, 0.5 and 1 μmol/L） could just only significantly affect human sperm＇s progressive motility （a %＋b %） after incubated for 20 min in vitro （P〈0.01）, but they both could not significantly affect spermic abnormality rate. It is suggested that L-type VDCC, non L-type VDCCs and isoform of L-type VDCC exist in the cell membrane of human sperm solely or together, and they participate in the spermic physiological processes especially the spermic motility.

Voltage-dependent K^+-channel Responses during Activation and Damage in Alveolar Macrophages Induced by Quartz Particles

The roles of voltage-dependent K^＋ channels during activation and damage in alveolar macrophages （AMs） exposed to different silica particles were examined. Rat AMs were collected by means of bronchoalveolar lavage, and were adjusted to 5× 10^5/mL. After AMs were exposed to different concentrations （0, 25, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL） of quartz particles and 100 μg/mL amorphous silica particles for 24 h, the voltage-depended K^＋ current in AMs was measured by using patch clamp technique. Meanwhile the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and the viability of AMs were detected respectively. Patch clamp studies demonstrated that AMs possessed outward delayed and inward rectifying K^＋ current. Exposure to quartz particles increased the outward delayed K^＋ current but it had no effect on inward rectifier K^＋ current in AMs. Neither of the two K^＋ channels in AMs was affected by amorphous silica particles. Cytotoxicity test showed that both silica particles could damage AM membrane and result in significant leakage of LDH （P〈0.05）. MTT studies, however, showed that only quartz particles reduced viability of AMs （P〈0.05）. It is concluded that quartz parti- cles can activate the outward delayed K^＋ channel in AMs, which may act as an activating signal in AMs to initiate an inflammatory response during damage and necrosis in AMs induced by exposure to quartz particle. K^＋ channels do not contribute to the membrane damage of AMs.

Voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv4.2 promotes neurogenesis and alleviates isch⁃emic stroke impairments

OBJECTIVE Stroke has become the top ten leading cause of death in China.Isch⁃emic stroke accounts for 85%of stroke cases,and insufficiency of cerebral blood supply caused by atherosclerosis is one of the important causes of ischemic stroke.Therefore,it is of posi⁃tive significance to study the molecular mecha⁃nism of stroke injury caused by hypoperfusion in the search for drug targets.Voltage-dependent potassium channels are a family of potassium channels widely expressed in the central ner⁃vous system.However,their roles in neurogene⁃sis after stroke insults have not been clearly illus⁃trated.The purpose of this experiment is to explore the expression changes of different sub⁃families of voltage-dependent potassium chan⁃nels after the occurrence of ischemic stroke and their influence on neuroregeneration,to study the molecular mechanism of stroke injury caused by hypoperfusion,and to find potential targets for drug therapy of ischemic stroke.METHODS C57BL/6 mice aged 7-8 weeks and C17.2 cells were used in vivo and in vitro in the experiment.The mice in the experimental group were suf⁃fered from bilateral common carotid artery occlu⁃sion(BCCO)for 1 h and reperfusion for 7 d.In the control group,bilateral carotid artery was dis⁃sected without occlusion.Behavioral assay of suspension test were performed to assess the motor deficits of the mice.In this assay,the time of the first drop(latency),the number of drops within one minute(frequency),and the final scores were recorded as the results of athletic ability.A lower score indicated more severe motor damage of the mice.TTC staining was used to observe the cerebral infarction areas caused by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries.After seven days,mice were sacrificed and brain tissue protein samples were collected for real-time quantitative PCR(RT-PCR)and Western blotting test to detect the changes of potassium channel subfamily expression levels in different brain regions.Neuronal injuries in all brain regions were detected using Nissl staining methods 7 d following model establishment.To detect the effects and the underlying mechanism of the related potassium channel on neurogene⁃sis,recombinant plasmids of the potassium chan⁃nels were transfected in cultured C17.2 neural stem cells.Afterwards,oxygen glucose depriva⁃tion experiments were performed.RESULTS Behavioral tests showed that BCCO can cause impaired motor performance.TTC staining showed that cerebral infarction existed in the stri⁃atum region,and the motor function decline caused by the injury in this region was consistent with the behavioral experiment results which veri⁃fied the effectiveness of our surgical operation.Nissl staining revealed a large amount of neuronal cell necrosis in the cortex and striatum regions,and dense neuronal cells in the lateral ventricular limbic region,suggesting that neurogenesis may have occurred in this region.The results of real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that among the detected potassium channels distributed in the measured nervous system,the expression of voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv4.2 decreased significantly in all brain regions after stroke,suggesting that it may be involved in the pathological process of stroke.Immunohisto⁃chemical staining showed that there was neuro⁃genesis in the subgranular zone(SGZ)and sub⁃ventricular zone(SVZ)of the mice,and Kv4.2 expression was significantly changed in the regions,suggesting that it may be involved in the regulation of neuro regeneration after stroke.The transfected Kv4.2 plasmid enhanced the dif⁃ferentiation of the C17.2 neural stem cells to neu⁃rons and astrocytes under normoxia and the oxy⁃gen-glucose deprivation,suggesting that Kv4.2 may induce the differentiation of neural stem cells after stroke.Kv4.2 could induce the neural stem cells to differentiate into neurons in vitro and in vivo,and Western blotting assay showed that Kv4.2 could up-regulate the expression level of ERK1/2,p-ERK1/2,p-STAT3,NGF,p-TtkA,and BDNF.Moreover,the calcium ions and CAMKⅡwas also increased by Kv4.2 in vitro.CONCLUSION BCCO insults can induce the expressions of the potassium channels in the brains,among which the expression of Kv4.2 is down-regulated in the cerebral cortex,hippocam⁃pus and striatum.In vitro experiments confirmed that Kv4.2 can induce the differentiation of C17.2 neural stem cells into neurons and astrocytes under the condition of normoxia and oxygen-glucose deprivation.We concluded that Kv4.2 possibly promoted neurogenesis through ERK1/2/STAT3,NGF/TrkA,and Ca2+/CAMKⅡsignal pathways after stroke.Regulating the physiologi⁃cal functions of Kv4.2 channel might contribute to the rehabilitation of neuronal damage after stroke.

Effect of Calmodulin and Voltage-dependent Ca^(2+) Channel on the Proliferation of Heptoma Cells Induced by Epidermal Growth Factor

The effect of thyrosine kinase, calmodulin and voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel on the proliferation of hepatoma cells induced by EGF was studied. Hepatoma cell line SMMC7721 was cultured in RPMI1640 serum-free medium. DNA synthesis rate of hepatoma cells was measured by 3H-TdR incorporation. 10 -9 mol/L EGF could significantly stimulate the proliferation of hepatoma cells (P<0.05), and this effect might be significantly inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (P<0.001). Calmodulin inhibitor W-7 had no effect on the basic phase of cultured hepatoma cells (P> 0.05), but it had very significantly inhibitory effect on the proliferation of hepatoma cells induced by EGF (P<0.001). Voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel inhibitor Varapamil had no inhibition on the proliferation of hepatoma cells induced by EGF (P>0.05). It had no effect on the basic phase of cultured hepatoma cells (P>0.05). It is suggested that tyrosine kinase and Ca 2+-calmodulin-dependent pathway may play a critical role on the proliferation of heptoma cells induced by EGF, and voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel is independent of the effect of EGF.

Hydrogen sulfide-induced enhancement of gastric fundus smooth muscle tone is mediated by voltagedependent potassium and calcium channels in mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)on smooth muscle motility in the gastric fundus.METHODS:The expression of cystathionineβ-synthase(CBS)and cystathionineγ-lyase(CSE)in cultured smooth muscle cells from the gastric fundus was examined by the immunocytochemistry technique.The tension of the gastric fundus smooth muscle was recorded by an isometric force transducer under the condition of isometric contraction with each end of the smooth muscle strip tied with a silk thread.Intracellular recording was used to identify whether hydrogen sulfide affects the resting membrane potential of the gastric fundus in vitro.Cells were freshly separated from the gastric fundus of mice using a variety of enzyme digestion methods and whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to find the effects of hydrogen sulfide on voltage-dependent potassium channel and calcium channel.Calcium imaging with fura-3AM loading was used to investigate the mechanism by which hydrogen sulfide regulates gastric fundus motility in cultured smooth muscle cells.RESULTS:We found that both CBS and CSE were expressed in the cul tured smooth muscle cel ls from the gastric fundus and that H2S increased the smooth muscle tension of the gastric fundus in mice at low concentrations.In addition,nicardipine and aminooxyacetic acid(AOAA),a CBS inhibitor,reduced the tension,whereas Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,a nonspecific nitric oxide synthase,increased the tension.The AOAA-induced relaxation was significantly recovered by H2S,and the Na HS-induced increase in tonic contraction was blocked by 5 mmol/L4-aminopyridine and 1μmol/L nicardipine.Na HS significantly depolarized the membrane potential and inhibited the voltage-dependent potassium currents.Moreover,Na HS increased L-type Ca2+currents and caused an elevation in intracellular calcium([Ca2+]i).CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that H2S may be an excitatory modulator in the gastric fundus in mice.The excitatory effect is mediated by voltagedependent potassium and L-type calcium channels.

Maxi-anion channel as a candidate pathway for osmosensitive ATP release from mouse astrocytes in primary culture

在现在的学习，我们试图评估在低亚硫酸钠期间从老鼠星形细胞贡献 ATP 版本的小径渗透的应力。我们首先为组成在过去的几年被建议了的可能的释放 ATP 小径的蛋白质检验了 mRNAs 的表示。在用控制和渗透的联盟者的 RT-PCR 分析肿的星形细胞，期望的尺寸的 cDNA 碎片的扩大为 connexins 被看见(Cx32， Cx37， Cx43 ) ， pannexin 1 (Px1 ) ， P2X7 受体， MRP1 和 MDR1，然而并非 CFTR。巨大的 ATP 上的重要效果都不免除星形细胞的小囊的版本，差距连接半隧道， CFTR， MRP1， MDR1， P2X7 受体，和卷敏感的表面地修正的氯化物隧道有的 exocytotic 的禁止者。相反，从星形细胞的导致张力减退的 ATP 版本被金轧(50 妈妈) 最有效地禁止，迷嬉装阴离子隧道的一个禁止者，它最近被显示了从几种另外的房间类型为 ATP 版本用作一条小径。因此，我们建议迷嬉装阴离子隧道也从有教养的老鼠星形细胞为膨胀导致 ATP 版本组成一条主要小径。

杜仲改善大鼠产后抑郁的作用机制研究

目的 探讨杜仲改善大鼠产后抑郁的作用机制。方法 受孕雌鼠随机分为正常组、产后抑郁组和杜仲低、高剂量组(1.34、2.68 g/kg,以生药计),每组10只。除正常组外其余各组大鼠运用孕期旁观电击法建立产后抑郁大鼠模型;造模的同时,给药组大鼠灌胃相应药物,正常组及产后抑郁组大鼠灌胃生理盐水,持续21 d。观察各组大鼠实验期间的一般情况,通过旷场实验、Morris水迷宫实验和糖水偏好实验进行行为学评价,检测各组大鼠血清中皮质酮(CORT)、下丘脑中促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)和尿皮质素(UCN)、垂体中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平,以及海马组织中CRF受体1(CRFR1)、CRFR2及电压依赖性阴离子通道1(VDAC1)蛋白表达水平,海马组织凋亡细胞比例及JC-1高电位细胞比例,并观察海马组织形态。结果 与产后抑郁组比较,杜仲高剂量组大鼠食欲、精神、毛色均有所改善,体重有所增加;垂直运动、水平运动、自我梳理得分均显著升高(P<0.05);第2~4天逃避潜伏期均显著缩短;穿越平台次数显著增加,每次穿越时间显著延长(P<0.05);孕20 d及产后30 d糖水消耗比率显著升高(P<0.05);CRF、UCN、ACTH、CORT水平,噬仔率,CRFR2、VDAC1蛋白表达水平,海马组织凋亡细胞比例均显著降低(P<0.05);JC-1高电位细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05);神经元细胞周围水肿现象明显改善。结论 杜仲可能通过抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的过度激活,降低CRFR2的表达水平,进而抑制VDAC1的表达,并减少神经元细胞的凋亡,从而改善产后抑郁症状。

大鼠VDAC1腺病毒过表达载体构建及功能鉴定

目的构建电压依赖性阴离子通道蛋白1(VDAC1)腺病毒过表达载体,并观察其在H9C2细胞中的表达情况,为探究VDAC1在心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤中的作用机制奠定基础。方法构建ADV6-NC腺病毒及ADV6-VDAC1腺病毒,取第6代H9c2心肌样细胞用于转染。转染细胞分为3组:空白对照组、阴性对照组(转染ADV6-NC腺病毒)和实验组(转染ADV6-VDAC1腺病毒)。通过qPCR和蛋白免疫印迹实验检测各组细胞VDAC1的表达情况。结果成功构建ADV6-NC及ADV6-VDAC1,实验组的VDAC1表达量明显高于空白对照组和阴性对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论利用腺病毒载体可使H9c2细胞在体外持续高效表达VDAC1。

外泌体负载的KV11通过VDAC1和自噬机制对角膜新生血管的抑制作用

目的探讨外泌体(EXO)负载的抗新生血管短肽KV11在角膜新生血管(CNV)中的作用及其机制。方法利用EXO锚定肽CP05将KV11结合到血管内皮来源的EXO膜表面,形成EXO-KV11。通过Apogee纳米流式分析EXO负载KV11的效率和最佳浓度比。选取8周龄SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠100只,其中10只大鼠不做任何处理,为正常对照组;其余大鼠在建立碱烧伤诱导CNV大鼠模型后,采用随机数字表法随机将大鼠分为EXO-KV11组、KV11组和生理盐水组,每组各30只。从碱烧伤后第1天开始每隔1天,各组分别结膜下注射100μl EXO-KV11(25μg)、KV11(25μg)或生理盐水。观察第1、4、7、14天时CNV的生成情况;采用荧光素心室灌注、角膜血管造影法计算CNV面积;采用苏木精-伊红染色法观察各组CNV管腔数量;采用免疫组织化学法检测角膜组织中CD31的表达分布;采用Western blot法检测电压依赖性阴离子通道1(VDAC1)和内质网应激、自噬及凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果Apogee流式分析确定KV11与EXO最佳浓度比为4∶1,EXO负载KV11效率高达87.5%。碱烧伤后7 d和14 d,各组CNV面积总体比较差异均有统计学意义(F=4.613、15.590,均P<0.05),其中碱烧伤后7 d,EXO-KV11组CNV面积小于KV11组和生理盐水组;碱烧伤后14 d,EXO-KV11组和KV11组CNV面积均小于生理盐水组,EXO-KV11组CNV面积小于KV11组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。角膜荧光铺片定量分析结果显示,生理盐水组、KV11组和EXO-KV11组CNV相对荧光面积分别为(8.3±1.7)%、(5.2±1.6)%和(3.4±0.7)%,总体比较差异有统计学意义(F=11.735,P<0.01),其中KV11组和生理盐水组CNV相对荧光面积均大于EXO-KV11组,生理盐水组CNV相对荧光面积大于KV11组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。碱烧伤后14 d,生理盐水组基质内可见大量新生血管管腔;KV11组基质内新生血管管腔数量较生理盐水组少;EXO-KV11组角膜结构趋于正常,少见新生血管管腔。生理盐水组角膜基质内可见大量CD31染色阳性细胞,细胞围成大小不一的管腔结构;KV11组角膜基质内CD31染色阳性细胞围成的管腔数量较生理盐水组少,EXO-KV11组管腔数量较KV11组少。EXO-KV11组、KV11组、生理盐水组和正常对照组VDAC1、蛋白质激酶R样内质网激酶(PERK)、自噬接头蛋白(SQSTM1/p62)、活化半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(cleaved caspase 3)相对表达量总体比较差异均有统计学意义(F=35.960、8.947、17.791、101.168,均P<0.01),其中EXO-KV11组VDAC1、PERK、p62、cleaved caspase 3相对表达量高于KV11组和生理盐水组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。各组自噬微管相关蛋白轻链3B(LC3B)Ⅱ/LC3BⅠ蛋白相对表达量总体比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.445,P=0.727)。结论与KV11相比,EXO-KV11可通过增加VDAC1表达、刺激PERK产生、抑制自噬流的发生等机制更有效地抑制CNV。

长链非编码RNA-NRON对小鼠心肌梗死后细胞凋亡的作用机制研究

目的探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)-NRON对小鼠心肌梗死(MI)后细胞凋亡的影响。方法将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、MI组、MI合并注入lncRNA-NRON干扰慢病毒(MI+shNRON)组和MI合并注入NC阴性对照慢病毒(MI+NC)组。采用实时PCR检测lncRNA-NRON的表达;用HE染色、TTC染色、TUNEL染色检测心肌组织病理损伤、MI面积、细胞凋亡情况;用RPIseq数据库预测lncRNA-NRON与电压依赖性阴离子通道蛋白(VDAC)的互作概率;用Western blotting检测lncRNA-NRON对VDAC蛋白表达的影响。结果lncRNA-NRON在MI组表达显著升高,特异性敲减lncRNA-NRON后,可减轻心肌组织病理损伤,减少MI面积,抑制细胞凋亡,lncRNA-NRON与VDAC的互作概率高达0.9,且lncRNA-NRON可调控VDAC的蛋白表达。结论敲减lncRNA-NRON可抑制MI后心肌损伤的发生,其机制可能是通过lncRNA-NRON与VDAC结合并抑制其表达,从而影响细胞凋亡进程。

铁死亡途径及其相关分子泛素化修饰的研究进展

铁死亡是细胞膜上多不饱和脂肪酸磷脂过氧化损伤引起的一种铁依赖性细胞死亡方式,涉及多条途径,包括铁稳态调节途径、胱氨酸谷氨酸反向转运体(system X-C)途径和电压依赖性阴离子通道(voltage-dependent anion channel,VDAC)途径等。铁死亡参与多种疾病(如心梗、脑卒中、癌症和退行性疾病等)的发生发展过程。泛素化是机体内各种蛋白分子翻译后修饰的重要形式。研究表明,通过对铁死亡途径相关分子泛素化水平的调控可调节细胞铁死亡。靶向调控铁死亡途径相关分子泛素化水平可有效促进或抑制铁死亡,有望成为治疗癌症或心脑血管疾病的新策略。该文将就铁死亡途径及其相关分子泛素化修饰的研究进展作一综述。

Cloning and Expressional Studies of the Voltage-dependent Anion Channel Gene from Brassica rapa L.

The voltage-dependent anion channel （VDAC） plays an essential role in the permeability of mltochondrial membrane. In the present study, we isolated a novel VDAC gene （brvdac） based on the assembly of expressed sequence tag sequences from Brassica rapa L. and explored its differential expression patterns In growth, tissues, abiotlc stress, and stress recovery. Results of a tissue-specific expression study in young seedlings Indicated that, of all tissues tested, brvdac expression was the highest in the leaves. Under cold, drought, and salt stresses, brvdac expression showed a transient Increase, and then returned to normal levels when the stress was removed. When plants were exposed to heat shock, there was no Increase in brvdac expression, whereas during recovery a quick and considerable increase in expression was observed. These observations indicate that dissimilar modulations of brvdactranscription may occur when plant cells encounter heat shock and the other three types of stress. In addition, phylogenetic analysis Implied that an earlier duplication of vdac probably occurred before the divergence between monocotyledons and dicotyledons.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel blockers:Pharmacological,biophysical and physiological relevance

Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane con-ductance regulator(CFTR) chloride channel causes cys-tic fibrosis, while inappropriate activity of this channeloccurs in secretory diarrhea and polycystic kidney dis-ease. Drugs that interact directly with CFTR are there-fore of interest in the treatment of a number of diseasestates. This review focuses on one class of small mol-ecules that interacts directly with CFTR, namely inhibi-tors that act by directly blocking chloride movementthrough the open channel pore. In theory such com-pounds could be of use in the treatment of diarrheaand polycystic kidney disease, however in practice allknown substances acting by this mechanism to inhibitCFTR function lack either the potency or specificity forin vivo use. Nevertheless, this theoretical pharmaco-logical usefulness set the scene for the developmentof more potent, specific CFTR inhibitors. Biophysically,open channel blockers have proven most useful as ex-perimental probes of the structure and function of theCFTR chloride channel pore. Most importantly, the useof these blockers has been fundamental in developing afunctional model of the pore that includes a wide innervestibule that uses positively charged amino acid sidechains to attract both permeant and blocking anionsfrom the cell cytoplasm. CFTR channels are also subjectto this kind of blocking action by endogenous anionspresent in the cell cytoplasm, and recently this blocking effect has been suggested to play a role in the physio-logical control of CFTR channel function, in particular as a novel mechanism linking CFTR function dynamically to the composition of epithelial cell secretions. It has also been suggested that future drugs could target this same pathway as a way of pharmacologically increasing CFTR activity in cystic fibrosis. Studying open channel blockers and their mechanisms of action has resulted in significant advances in our understanding of CFTR as a pharmacological target in disease states, of CFTR chan-nel structure and function, and of how CFTR activity is controlled by its local environment.

Upregulation of Spinal Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 Contributes to Bone Cancer Pain Hypersensitivity in Rats

Voltage-dependent anion channel 1（VDAC1） is thought to contribute to the progression of tumor development. However, whether VDAC1 contributes to bone cancer pain remains unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of VDAC1 was upregulated in the L2–5 segments of the spinal dorsal horn at 2 and 3 weeks after injection of tumor cells into the tibial cavity. Intrathecal injection of a VDAC1 inhibitor significantly reversed the pain hypersensitivity and reduced the over-expression of Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）. Intrathecal injection of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglia, also attenuated the pain hypersensitivity of rat models of bone cancer pain.These results suggest that VDAC1 plays a significant role in the development of complicated cancer pain, possibly by regulating the expression of TLR4.

Research progress on the correlation between ion channel and excitability of striatum neurons in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder due to gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in the midbrain,however the pathogenesis is unclear.There is a correlation between the excitability of striatal neurons and PD.Ion channels are important to maintain membrane potential and regulate excitability of neurons,while ionic mechanisms for modulation of neurons excitability are not fully understood.This article reviews the relationship between ion channels and excitability of striatal neurons in PD and ion channel changes in the pathogenesis of PD.In order to find new targets to treatment PD by intervening ion channels.

黄芪注射液对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的H9c2细胞凋亡的抑制作用和机制研究

目的:探讨黄芪注射液对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的H9c2心肌细胞凋亡的抑制作用及其可能作用机制。方法:采用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)方法筛选H9c2细胞培养的黄芪注射液浓度;H9c2细胞分为正常对照组、AngⅡ模型组、AngⅡ+黄芪注射液组。采用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测3组H9c2细胞电压依赖性阴离子通道1(VDAC1)、线粒体融合蛋白2(Mfn2)及分子伴侣葡萄糖调节蛋白75(GRP75)mRNA的表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测VDAC1、Mfn2、GRP75的蛋白表达;Fura-2 AM法测定细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度变化;用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡情况。结果:黄芪注射液在浓度为0.125%时对细胞的促增殖作用最为显著。与正常对照组比较,AngⅡ模型组Mfn2、GRP75 mRNA表达水平明显增加(P<0.05),AngⅡ+黄芪注射液组Mfn2、GRP75 mRNA表达低于AngⅡ模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而3组VDAC1 mRNA表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与正常对照组比较,AngⅡ模型组VDAC1、Mfn2和GRP75的蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),AngⅡ+黄芪注射液组VDAC1、Mfn2、GRP75的蛋白表达低于AngⅡ模型组(P<0.01)。与正常对照组比较,AngⅡ模型组细胞钙含量、细胞凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),AngⅡ+黄芪注射液组细胞钙含量、细胞凋亡率低于AngⅡ模型组(P<0.01)。结论:黄芪注射液能够抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的H9c2心肌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与其调节VDAC1、Mfn2和GRP75等MAM结构蛋白表达和影响细胞内钙平衡有关。

IP3R1调控CaMKⅡ和VDAC1在海洛因致心肌细胞节律异常中的作用

目的:探讨1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇1型受体(inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1,IP3R1)调控钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ,CaMKⅡ)和电压依赖性阴离子通道1(voltage-dependent anion channel 1,VDAC1)在海洛因(heroin,HE)致心肌细胞节律异常中的作用。方法:联合蛋白组学和GEO(Gene Expression Omnibus)数据库分析心律失常芯片数据,寻找关键调控因子。构建IP3R1基因敲减慢病毒并感染原代乳大鼠心肌细胞(neonatal rat cardiomyocytes,NRCMs),实验分为对照(control)组、HE组和HE+shIP3R1组。结晶紫染色观察心肌细胞形态;ELISA法检测乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)水平;透射电镜观察线粒体形态学变化;Fluo-4/AM探针法检测细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度;DCFH-DA荧光探针检测细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量;JC-1染色法检测线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential,MMP)水平;ATP检测试剂盒检测细胞内ATP水平;免疫共沉淀(co-immunopre-cipitation,Co-IP)分析IP3R1与CaMKⅡδ和VDAC1蛋白之间的相互作用;Western blot检测IP3R1、CaMKⅡδ、p-CaM-KⅡδ(T287)和VDAC1的蛋白水平。结果:结合蛋白质组学和基因表达谱数据集GSE89410分析,筛选得到80个差异共表达分子,基于基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)功能注释和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析结果,最终筛选出关键因子IP3R1,且通过STRING数据库获得IP3R1结合蛋白:CaMKⅡδ和VDAC1。Co-IP结果验证IP3R1与CaMKⅡδ和VDAC1存在相互作用,且HE干预后NRCMs中IP3R1与CaMKⅡδ和VDAC1之间的相互作用增强。体外细胞实验显示,与control组相比,HE组NRCMs数量急剧减少,细胞膜变窄,伪足减少,细胞核结构模糊;LDH和AST水平均显著上升(P<0.05);线粒体超微结构损伤严重,证实HE对NRCMs具有毒性作用并导致线粒体损伤。与control组相比,HE组心肌细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度、ROS水平、MMP以及IP3R1、p-CaMKⅡδ(T287)和VDAC1蛋白水平均显著升高(P<0.05),而HE+shIP3R1组这些指标均显著减低(P<0.05);ATP水平则相反。这证实沉默IP3R1表达可减轻HE干预后NRCMs的钙超载及线粒体损伤。结论:IP3R1通过调控CaMKⅡ和VDAC1引起心肌细胞钙超载和ROS生成增多,参与HE诱导的心肌细胞节律异常。

VDAC1通过诱导气道上皮细胞铁死亡参与屋尘螨诱导的哮喘小鼠气道炎症

目的探讨电压依赖性阴离子选择性通道蛋白1(VDAC1)参与屋尘螨(HDM)诱导的哮喘气道炎症的作用及调控气道上皮细胞铁死亡的机制。方法人气道上皮细胞(HBE)体外培养,由HDM诱导HBE细胞进行体外实验,浓度梯度刺激24 h,分为正常对照组;200 U刺激组;400U刺激组;800U刺激组。随后使用VDAC1抑制剂VBIT-4干预,分为HBE正常对照组、VBIT-4组(10μmol/L,24 h)、HDM(800 U/mL,24 h)组、HDM(800 U/mL,24 h)+VBIT-4(10μmol/L,24 h)组,测定VDAC1以及铁死亡标志物蛋白的表达水平。使用BALB/c小鼠给予HDM构建哮喘小鼠模型,分为正常对照组、VBIT-4滴鼻组、HDM滴鼻组、HDM+VBIT-4滴鼻组,测定气道炎症水平与铁死亡蛋白的表达水平。结果通过使用HDM诱导的HBE细胞后,MtROS生成增多,线粒体膜电位下降,免疫印迹试验结果显示VDAC1(P=0.005)表达上调,铁死亡标记物标志物GPX4(P=0.015)表达水平显著降低,FTH1(P=0.030)水平则出现上调;而使用VBIT-4会显著抑制因HDM诱导的FTH1(P=0.037)的表达,并且恢复了GPX4(P=0.029)表达;在HDM诱导的哮喘小鼠模型中,H&E染色和肺泡灌洗细胞计数显示,相较于HDM组,HDM+VBIT-4组的气道炎症细胞浸润减少,炎症细胞数量显著减少(P=0.0002);瑞氏-姬萨姆染色也表明VBIT-4减少了肺泡灌洗液中嗜酸粒细胞的数量(P=0.001)免疫组织化学染色显示气道上皮细胞GPX4表达在VBIT-4干预下上调。结论VDAC1参与HDM诱导的支气管哮喘的慢性气道炎症,可能通过引起铁死亡实现的。

双通道离子色谱仪在湿沉降平衡中的应用研究

用双通道离子色谱仪同时测定湿沉降中F^(-)、Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)四种阴离子和Na^(+)、NH_(4)^(+)、K^(+)、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)五种阳离子。实验结果表明:四种阴离子和五种阳离子标准曲线相关系数均大于0.999,检出限均低于0.02 mg/L。相对标准偏差不大于5.7%,加标回收率范围在94.0%~104%。利用测得的九种阴、阳离子浓度,结合pH和电导率数值,计算湿沉降阴、阳离子浓度平衡和电导率平衡,均满足《酸沉降监测技术规范》(HJ/T 165-2004)要求。

VASORELAXANT DITERPENES: FROM TRADITIONNAL MEDICINE TO NEW INHIBITORS OF VOLTAGE-DEPENDANT CALCIUM CHANNELS

Croton zambezicus Muell.Arg.(Euphorbiaceae)(Syn.C.amabilis Muell.Arg.,C.gratissimus Burch.)is a shrub or small tree reaching 10 m in height.The leaf decoction is used in Benin as anti-hypertensive,anti-microbial(urinary infections)and to treat fever associated with malaria.We analysed the in vitro and in vivo vasorelaxant activity