On the Influence of Volunteerism upon College Students’Moral Identity

Individual moral conscience is the origin and prerequisite of one’s volunteerism while participating in voluntary service is an effective way to improve one’s moral cultivation.By studying the status quos of college students’volunteerism,the author analyzes the correlation between volunteerism and moral identity.The author concludes that by helping college students internalize their volunteerism,their moral identity would be improved to a higher state,which in turns improves their individual morality.

Local Volunteerism and Resilience Following Large-Scale Disaster: Outcomes for Health Support Team Volunteers in Haiti

In-depth interviews with local Haitian volunteers trained in a psychological disaster recovery program called Health Support Team(HST) provide insight into the psychosocial outcomes resulting from their engagement with the program. Qualitative interviews were conducted with four male Haitian participants who had survived the January 2010 Haiti earthquake and had worked as HST volunteers for at least 6 months. Interviews were analyzed using narrative inquiry analysis, which allows individuals to discover and disclose a deeper meaning in their experience and enables the researchers to access more detailed data. Previous research supports the claim that volunteerism provides many important psychological benefits, and the results of the present study suggest that among survivors of large-scale disasters, volunteerism is beneficial as a means of increasing psychological resilience and facilitating personal recovery. Results and themes of our analysis included a reported increase in both hope and purpose for the respondents. Findings suggest that volunteerism on the part of members of the surviving community following large-scale disaster increases resilience among the volunteers and further contributes to their recovery.

Therapeutic Approach for Hair Growth and Regeneration Using Bioactive Formulation Containing Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium

Background and Aims: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of hair loss in both men and women. Despite its high prevalence and associated patient morbidity, the approved therapeutic options are limited to finasteride and minoxidil. The present study is aimed at assessing the efficacy of hair serum formulation, Trichosera®containing Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells conditioned media as an active ingredient, for hair fall control and hair regrowth in healthy Indian human volunteers. Methods: The product was made using a 20% concentration of 10X Conditioned Media along with excipients. The final product was tested for physicochemical parameters, biomarkers, total protein content and microbial limits as per our in-house specifications. Results: The primary irritation patch test showed that the product is non-irritant and dermatologically safe. A clinical study on 40 subjects was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the bioactive formulation in hair fall control and hair regrowth in healthy volunteers. Phototrichogram measurement showed hair density and hair growth rate increased significantly by 11.54% and 18.66% at week 24. Hair tensile strength also increased significantly by 41.10% at 12 weeks follow-up. Hair pull test, to see a reduction in pulled hair and comb’s test to show a decrease in hair fall significantly improved from week 4 onwards. There were no significant adverse events in response to the product application. Conclusion: It is concluded that the hair serum product is completely safe on direct application to the scalp and showed significant improvement in the hair growth rate, hair density, scalp condition and reduction in hair fall. .

HCV infection and distribution character in volunteer blood donors from North of China

HCV is prevailed in the world as well as in China.Blood transfusion is one of the most common transmission pathways of this pathogen.Although data of HCVinfection character were reported during the past years,抗-HCV reactive profile of

The Unrecognized Value of Bio-Medical Engineers in Healthcare Projects in Developing Countries

The healthcare needs of developing countries are great and ever increasing as their populations grow. Few assistance programs have recognized the value of the bio-medical engineer as part of the approach to the provision of healthcare in developing countries. An example of a program, the Bach Mai Hospital Project, in Vietnam, utilizing the talents of the bio-medical engineer, attests to the potential value of bio-medical engineers as part of the healthcare team. Their inclusion in such efforts can result in the saving of lives, time and money. Knowledge of their hospital's excess equipment inventory and their ability to restore medical equipment badly needed in a developing country makes them valuable additions to any medical assistance program.

The Effect of Overseas Educational Experience on Pro-Environmental Practices: Evidence from Cambodian Academic Scholars

This paper revealed that after spending years overseas for learning, Cambodian fellows realized that a clean society more likely results from the adopting of a waste management system. The lack of such is the main barrier for waste separation willingness and practices in Cambodia. Self-transcendence values and volunteerism are empirically found as the fundamental factors for any interventions designed to promote pro-environmental intentions and practices respectively. The fellows engaging in volunteerisms appear to do waste separation, ignoring how inconvenient the waste management system or facilities are. Similarly, the fellows concerning the environmental and social issues appear to spare their valuable time to do waste-separation which they find not difficult. This is not the case in this COVID-19 epidemic though. The study results imply that in a society where an inconvenient waste management system is in place the fellows without past volunteering, no matter how knowledgeable they are, will less likely engage in the waste-sorting practice.

疫情期间非定点医院急诊管理的实践与思考

基于危机管理4R理论进行文献检索,结合医院的实际情况梳理管理难点,制定疫情期间非定点救治综合医院的急诊管理策略和流程。从急诊管理的组织架构、空间划分、诊疗流程、人员管理、院感防控、志愿服务等环节完善优化急诊管理流程,并在具体应用过程中不断调整。2022年3月28日-6月1日上海本轮疫情期间,复旦大学附属中山医院多次单日急诊接诊量超1000人,抢救室留观患者170余人,接诊救护车100余辆。2022年1-4月救护车接诊总量位列上海市第一。疫情期间中山医院在遵守上级部门不同阶段疫情防控相关要求的同时,优化急诊管理策略和流程,很好地保障和满足了急诊患者的就医需求。

Running a Volunteer Program for Palliative Care in a Chinese Hospital:Our Practice and Experience

The establishment and development of volunteer team are very important in the whole process of palliative care.The concept and practice of palliative care have been developed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)since the end of2012.Great progress has been made in different aspects.Volunteers play an extremely important role in the development of palliative care in PUMCH.The whole work began with the establishment of volunteer teams.This article introduces the process of the establishment and development of palliative care volunteer team in PUMCH,aiming to provide practical references for hospitals in China's Mainland to develop their own palliative care volunteer team.

Volunteers as caregivers for elderly with chronic diseases:An assessment of demand and cause of demand

Objective:We sought to examine the demand of volunteers on long-term care of elderly patients with chronic diseases.Further,we evaluated patients'reasons to want long-term care volunteers as well as socioeconomic factors affecting these needs.Methods:Questionnaires were distributed to 516 elderly with chronic diseases from nursing homes,hospitals,and elderly living with relatives.Patient questions dealt with basic socioeconomic questions,their reasons to want care volunteers,and the nature of chronic disease,and their motivation to volunteer and which sorts of activities they perform while volunteering.Results:73.4%of the elderly patients with chronic diseases desired to have volunteers for long-term care.The most desired services were care visits,transportation,and leisure/recreation activities.The number of chronic diseases they had,their marital status,education level,and social support system were all statistically important.Conclusion:The data presented here suggest that the government should actively advocate for volunteer service for elderly with chronic diseases.Additional support is needed in terms of financial support,incentive measures,professional training for volunteers,and supervision of volunteers.Such developments are needed to improve volunteer service standards.

Volunteering in the United Arab Emirates’ Health System—Motivations and Challenges

Background: The volunteer role has been cited as an important in supporting healthcare organizations in diverse areas such as contributing to research, health professional’s education, health care delivery, health policy development and patient administration. Proper motivation of volunteers is required for sustaining volunteer performance, while encumbrances to optimal engagement in health systems need to be addressed. This study aimed to investigate the main factors that motivate volunteers to participate in the UAE healthcare system, along with exploring the barriers and challenges being faced. Methods: This study was designed as a quantitative cross-sectional study in United Arab Emirates (UAE). A purposive sample of the Adult citizens and residents using purposive sampling directed at all major health volunteer recruitment agencies in UAE, who have volunteered at least once in the health system over the preceding 12 months. Participants Adult UAE residents were selected by a purposive sampling method from February to April 2017. Data were collected through electronic questionnaires using modified Volunteer Motivation Inventory (VMI). Data were analyzed from 667 adults’ residents who were reported to volunteer at least once in healthcare opportunities. Results: About 53% (n = 290) of the volunteers in this sample were full time employed individuals. Almost 63% (n = 422) were female. Overall, assessed self-reported motivations of volunteer participants were high. The main motivation for volunteering in healthcare opportunities in the UAE was Understanding dimension (Mean = 4.68), followed by self-esteem dimension (Mean = 4.60). Eight elements of volunteer motivation showed no statistically significant differences between male and female respondents. Organization/system barriers dimension was the highest among respondents (Mean = 2.9), followed by individual barriers (Mean = 2.6), interpersonal (Mean = 2.06) and contextual (Mean = 2.04). Conclusion: UAE health sector volunteers who participated in this study appeared to be highly motivated. The main motivation factor was understanding dimension which allowed volunteers in healthcare to gain a new perspective on things, through practical training and learning new things, dealing with different groups in the health sector, for example doctors, nursing, patients. What makes the health sector volunteer understand them self and the world around them. Therefore the organization should focus on volunteer motivation to ensure future intensions of them. The four main barriers to volunteer were Individual barriers, Interpersonal barriers, contextual barriers and organizations system barriers. Concerted efforts are needed to raise awareness about available volunteer opportunities, and optimally align the motivations of volunteers with organizational objectives in the UAE health sector.

Chinese medical students’interest in COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)happened in early December and it has affected China in more ways than one.The societal response to the pandemic restricted medical students to their homes.Although students cannot learn about COVID-19 through clinical practice,they can still pay attention to news of COVID-19 through various channels.Although,as suggested by previous studies,some medical students have already volunteered to serve during the COVID-19 pandemic,the overall willingness of Chinese medical students to volunteer for such has not been systematically examined.AIM To study Chinese medical students’interest in the relevant knowledge on COVID-19 and what roles they want to play in the pandemic.METHODS Medical students at Peking Union Medical College were surveyed via a webbased questionnaire to obtain data on the extent of interest in the relevant knowledge on COVID-19,attitude towards volunteerism in the pandemic,and career preference.Logistic regression modeling was used to investigate possible factors that could encourage volunteerism among this group in a pandemic.RESULTS A total of 552 medical students responded.Most medical students showed a huge interest in COVID-19.The extent of students’interest in COVID-19 varied among different student-classes(P<0.05).Senior students had higher scores than the other two classes.The number of people who were‘glad to volunteer’in COVID-19 represented 85.6%of the respondents.What these students expressed willingness to undertake involved direct,indirect,and administrative job activities.Logistic regression analysis identified two factors that negatively influenced volunteering in the pandemic:Student-class and hazards of the voluntary job.Factors that positively influenced volunteering were time to watch COVID-19 news,predictable impact on China,and moral responsibility.CONCLUSION More innovative methods can be explored to increase Chinese medical students’interest in reading about the relevant knowledge on COVID-19 and doing voluntary jobs during the pandemic.

Improve the China Youth Volunteer Associations with the Help of Comparative Research on EU Experience

As a volunteer organization,NGO plays an important role nowadays for its unique social functions.In recent years,Chinese Young Volunteers Associations have made great progress,but compared with the EU countries,there is still a significant gap.This paper in cludes the result of the comparative researches on two aspects: Volunteer associations;Training systems.From the result,a relatively compre hensive reference can be provided for the development of the Chinese Youth Volunteers Associations.

Three-dimensional finite element study of anterior transpedicular screw-artificial vertebral fixation in lower cervical spine

Objective Biomechanical properties of the anterior cervical pedicle screw artificial vertebral system and conventional anterior screw plate system were analyzed in lower cervical spine by finite element.Methods CT images were obtained from a 38-year-old female volunteer.Following models were established and analyzed by Mimics14.0,Geomagic Studio 2013,ANSYS 14.0 software:the intact cervical model(C3-C7),corpectomy of C5 model,the model of conventional anterior screw plate system fixation(AP),and the model of anterior transpedicular screw artificial vertebral body sys-

Enhancing the observing capacity for the surface ocean by the use of Volunteer Observing Ship

Knowledge of the surface ocean dynamics and the underlying controlling mechanisms is critical to understand the natural variability of the ocean and to predict its future response to climate change.In this paper,we highlight the potential use of Volunteer Observing Ship(VOS),as carrier for automatic underway measuring system and as platform for sample collection,to enhance the observing capacity for the surface ocean.We review the concept,history,present status and future development of the VOS-based in situ surface ocean observation.The successes of various VOS projects demonstrate that,along with the rapid advancing sensor techniques,VOS is able to improve the temporal resolution and spatial coverage of the surface ocean observation in a highly cost-effective manner.A sustained and efficient marine monitoring system in the future should integrate the advantages of various observing platforms including VOS.

Why Insisting in Being Volunteers? A Practical Case Study Exploring from Both Rational and Emotional Perspectives

This study explored the mechanism on how volunteers as rationalists use rationalism during their cognitive appraisal process when dealing with emotional events in their social helping behavior such as international rescue events.The authors used the triangulation method to include three studies(Study 1 is a qualitative research which explored ways of TCF leader’s inspiring their volunteer workers;Study 2 is a quantitative research on the decision-making process of volunteer individuals involving in international rescue activities;Study 3 is a quantitative research on individuals’motivation for joining social helping behavior)for validation of Tzu Chi Foundation(TCF),which is a famous non-profit organization worldwide,to prove that volunteers as rationalists rely on the reasonable cognitive appraisal method to substantially evaluate the necessity of social helping behavior,including their emotional responses and arousals.Economic evaluation theory was used to depict volunteers as volunteers as rationalists’way of cognitive appraisal perspective towards emotional events such as international rescue cases or when participating in activities by non-profit organizations.Accordingly,this study found that volunteers as rationalists adhere to the principles of altruism,egoism,compensation,and reciprocity as part of their cognitive appraisal when responding to emotional situations.The researchfindings of this study depicted the volunteers’behavioral intention as volunteers as rationalists in responding to emotional events in the form of NPO helping behaviors and international rescue events.Social helping behaviors often rely on people’s emotional compassion and empathy at the beginning,but social helping behaviors cannot rely solely on emotional support.To create long-term support for non-profit organizations’action plans,it is still neces-sary to plan rationally,turning the actions of volunteers into reasonable plans.In this way,even if the volun-teers have experienced many difficulties during devotion,hindrance,and stress afterward,they can still keep in a rationalist’mindset continuously.This paper provided directions for volunteer training for non-profit organizations.

Path of Student Volunteer Organizations in Agricultural Universities for Serving Rural Left-behind Children: A Case Study of Northwest A&F University

Most volunteer organizations in universities focus their attention on urban communities and residents,but neglect rural residents.Agricultural universities have responsibilities and conditions to serve rural areas,and should bring into play their leading role. This study surveyed situations of volunteers of Northwest A&F University serving rural left-behind children,and found that there are problems including weak volunteer awareness,unstable organization members,imperfect organization construction,and lack of effect incentive mechanism. Finally,it came up four recommendations: strengthening " active service" ideological education,improving management system construction,establishing incentive mechanism,and setting up brand project,to provide feasible path for agricultural universities serving rural weak groups in a better way.

Survey on AIDS related knowledge and attitude among married people of childbearing age in China

Objective:To learn about the current circumstances surrounding AIDS related knowledge,attitudes and relevant influential factors,and to provide recommendations for HIV/AIDS preven-tion and control.Methods:A cross sectional study was designed by the cluster sampling method,and a self-administered,closed,and anonymous questionnaire was administered.There were a total of 4,800 married people of childbearing age,from six counties,during the period November throughDecember,2003.Results:There were 4,693 valid questionnaires and the validity rate was 97.78%.The gen-eral correct rate of AIDS knowledge of the respondents was 63.60%.Factors such as sex,age,place of registered permanent residence and different areas had influence on the level of AIDSknowledge.Respondents knew more about AIDS transmission related knowledge than non-trans-mission related knowledge.Only 30.6% of respondents had heard about volunteer counseling andtesting(VCT)of AIDS,and just 8.5% of them thought that they had the possibility of being in-fected with HIV/AIDS,64.5% of participants were afraid of AIDS,66.5% of them thought thatHIV positive people should be quarantined,74.1% of them held that HIV positive people shouldbe forbidden to go to public places,and they would not like to have dinner(68.8%),shakehands(67.8%),or work(63.4%)with HIV positive people.Respondents of different sex,reg-istered permanent residence,education and living places had different attitudes towards HIV/AIDS.Conclusion:The AIDS knowledge level of respondents is below the goal of 75% up to 2005brought forward by National AIDS Office of China.It is very important to strengthen the Infor-mation,Education,Communication(IEC)on AIDS non-transmission related knowledge amongmarried people of childbearing age,especially those who are younger,lower educated and female.Furthermore,the knowledge about VCT should be publicized.More than half of the respondentshave negative attitudes towards AIDS patients.

Challenges Faced by Village Health Teams (VHTs) in Amuru, Gulu and Pader Districts in Northern Uganda

Primary health care provision through innovative community level interventions such as the Village Health Team (VHT) concept in Uganda can be a rational way of achieving universal access to healthcare. This cross-sectional study interviewed 150 VHT members and 16 key informants in three districts in Northern Uganda to establish the roles of VHTs, the service gaps encountered and the measures in place to address these gaps. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Direct content analysis of themes of transcribed qualitative data was conducted manually for common codes. The majority of the respondents 64.29% (n = 72) reported to have been VHT volunteers for more than 5 years. Among the roles were community mobilization reported by 99.1% (n = 111) and home visiting of individuals reported by 97.3% (n = 109). Lack of transport, motivation, adequate skills and community appreciation with nearly no measures in place to counteract the challenges was reported by almost all respondents. Although the VHT concept can be a significant means of achieving universal access to primary health care, extensive community involvement and motivation of the volunteers are highly needed for a maximum benefit.

Study of Problems in the Development of Non-profit Organizations in Urban Communities

With the continuous advancement of construction of urban communities and the continuous development of the needs of community residents in China,non-profit organizations in various urban communities have developed rapidly and have increasingly played an important role in social and economic life. At present,the development of non-profit organizations in urban communities is still faced with many problems,such as difficulty in raising funds,lack of incentives that results in low enthusiasm for volunteering and low participation of community residents,etc. It is urgent and practical significance to study,analyze and solve the problems faced by non-profit organizations in urban communities. That article focuses on the analysis and discussion of the problems facing the development of non-profit organizations in urban communities,and proposes countermeasures to solve the problems.