A δ-function-like peak in the specific heat of two-dimensional vortex lattice： Monte carlo study

A repulsive vortex\|vortex interaction model was used to numerically study the melting transition of the two\|dimensional vortex system with Monte Carlo method. Then a δ\|function\|like peak in the specific heat was observed and the internal energy showed a sharp drop at the melting temperature, which indicated that there exists a first\|order melting transition at finite temperatures. The Lindemann criterion was also investigated and valid, but different from previous simulation results.

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of flows in bifurcate channel at rotating inflow boundary conditions and resulted different outflow fluxes

The Lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） is used to simulate the flow field in a bifurcate channel which is a simplified model of the draft tube of hydraulic turbine machine. According to the simulation results, some qualitative conclusions can be deduced. The reason of uneven flux in different branches of draft tube is given. Not only the vortex rope itself, but also the attenuation of the rotation strength is important in bringing on the uneven flux. The later leads to adverse pressure gradient, and changes the velocity profile. If the outlet contains more than one exit, the one that contains the vortex rope will lose flux because of this adverse pressure gradient. Several possible methods can be used to minimize the adverse pressure gradient domain in order to improve the efficiency of turbine machine.

IMPROVED UVLM FOR FLAPPING-WING AERODYNAMICS COMPUTATION

To calculate the aerodynamics of flapping-wing micro air vehicle（MAV） with the high efficiency and the engineering-oriented accuracy,an improved unsteady vortex lattice method （UVLM） for MAV is proposed. The method considers the influence of instantaneous wing deforming in flapping,as well as the induced drag,additionally models the stretching and the dissipation of vortex rings,and can present the aerodynamics status on the wing surface. An implementation of the method is developed. Moreover,the results and the efficiency of the proposed method are verified by CFD methods. Considering the less time cost of UVLM,for application of UVLM in the MAV optimization,the influence of wake vortex ignoring time saving and precision is studied. Results show that saving in CPU time with wake vortex ignoring the appropriate distance is considerable while the precision is not significantly reduced. It indicates the potential value of UVLM in the optimization of MAV design.

Static aeroelastic analysis of very flexible wings based on non-planar vortex lattice method

A rapid and efficient method for static aeroelastic analysis of a flexible slender wing when considering the structural geometric nonlinearity has been developed in this paper. A non-planar vortex lattice method herein is used to compute the non-planar aerodynamics of flexible wings with large deformation. The finite element method is introduced for structural nonlinear statics analysis. The surface spline method is used for structure/aerodynamics coupling. The static aeroelastic characteristics of the wind tunnel model of a flexible wing are studied by the nonlinear method presented, and the nonlinear method is also evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained from two other methods and the wind tunnel test. The results indicate that the traditional linear method of static aeroelastic analysis is not applicable for cases with large deformation because it produces results that are not realistic. However, the nonlinear methodology, which involves combining the structure finite element method with the non-planar vortex lattice method, could be used to solve the aeroelastic deformation with considerable accuracy, which is in fair agreement with the test results. Moreover, the nonlinear finite element method could consider complex structures. The non-planar vortex lattice method has advantages in both the computational accuracy and efficiency. Consequently, the nonlinear method presented is suitable for the rapid and efficient analysis requirements of engineering practice. It could be used in the preliminary stage and also in the detailed stage of aircraft design.

Acceleration of unsteady vortex lattice method via dipole panel fast multipole method

The Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method(UVLM) is a medium-fidelity aerodynamic tool that has been widely used in aeroelasticity and flight dynamics simulations. The most timeconsuming step is the evaluation of the induced velocity. Supposing that the number of bound and wake lattices is N and the computational cost is O (N2), we present an OeNT Dipole Panel Fast Multipole Method(DPFMM) for the rapid evaluation of the induced velocity in UVLM. The multipole expansion coefficients of a quadrilateral dipole panel have been derived in spherical coordinates, whose accuracy is the same as that of the Biot-Savart kernel at the same truncation degree P.Two methods(the loosening method and the shrinking method) are proposed and tested for space partitioning volumetric panels. Compared with FMM for vortex filaments(with three harmonics),DPFMM is approximately two times faster for N2 [103,106]. The simulation time of a multirotor(N~104) is reduced from 100 min(with unaccelerated direct solver) to 2 min(with DPFMM).

The Full Multi-wake Vortex Lattice Method:a detached flow model based on Potential Flow Theory

One of the main issues concerning the standard Vortex Lattice Method is its application to partially or fully detached flow conditions,where non-linear aerodynamic characteristics appear as the angle of attack increases and/or the aspect ratio decreases.In order to solve such limitations,a pure numerical approach based entirely on the Vortex Lattice Method concepts has been developed.The so-called steady“Full Multi-wake Vortex Lattice Method”comes from the main hypothesis that each discretized element on the body’s surface detaches their own wakes downstream.The obtained results match for lift,drag and moment coefficients for the entire aspect ratio range configurations(under straight wakes and inviscid assumptions).Future unsteady versions of such a multi-wake approach could improve the current results obtained through Vortex Element Methods(as vortons or isolated vortex filaments).

舰载直升机主动甲板着舰气动载荷特性

被动与主动流动控制可减小舰艇艉流强度,但直升机着舰甲板处仍存在明显回流现象,由此导致直升机气动载荷变化显著。提出了自动升降的舰艇主动甲板,建立基于格子玻尔兹曼方法 (LBM)的舰艇主动甲板流场分析方法,并结合单向耦合模型,嵌入旋翼黏性涡粒子法,研究直升机主动甲板着舰气动载荷特性。通过与SFS2舰艇流场试验、分离涡模拟(DES)方法、大涡模拟(LES)方法比较,验证了所建方法的准确性。随后研究主动甲板对舰艇流场和直升机着舰气动载荷的影响特性。结果表明:相比于标准SFS2舰艇,主动甲板有效抑制了直升机着舰甲板处回流,以及直升机旋翼拉力损失、滚转和俯仰力矩,最大降幅分别为21.6%、55.1%、74.6%。

一种分布式电推进飞机的多学科参数快速估计方法

由于分布式电推进飞机综合性能显著,各个学科的交叉性强,是未来航空领域飞行器发展的趋势,因此建立一种适用于总体设计阶段的多学科参数评估方法对分布式电推进飞机的设计有着重大的意义。为了提高电动飞机在初始设计阶段的效率,本文提出了一种分布式电推进飞机的多学科参数快速估计方法。该方法对分布式电推进飞机进行总体建模并搭建能源系统框架,使用基于势流理论的简化气动分析方法对螺旋桨与机翼的气动—推进耦合特性进行分析。经仿真验证,该简化气动模型可以较好地模拟螺旋桨与机翼的气动—推进耦合特性。利用该方法在设定的飞行剖面下对某分布式电推进飞机进行多学科参数快速估计,得到了整个飞行剖面下的飞机气动性能变化及电推进系统的性能变化,为分布式电推进飞机的总体设计提供了支撑。

电动飞机分布式螺旋桨—机翼设计分析方法研究

为逐步实现航空器从传统能源到清洁能源的转换,将传统涡桨飞机改型成分布式电推进螺旋桨飞机是目前重要的研究方向。本文以运12F飞机巡航性能为约束,根据动量理论对其改型为分布式螺旋桨飞机后的机翼参数进行修正;从螺旋桨桨盘面积、螺旋桨与电动机匹配关系、螺旋桨质量三个方面综合评估确定分布式电推进螺旋桨个数;根据巡航及爬升任务剖面的拉力需求进行螺旋桨设计;将最终确定的分布式螺旋桨—机翼模型与原型机模型在OpenVSP中进行升阻力对比分析。结果表明,分布式螺旋桨的滑流效应在小速度、大迎角下增升作用更明显,可用于提升飞机起飞及爬升阶段性能指标。在巡航及爬升状态下,分布式螺旋桨上置比下置升力特性更好,升力系数可提高约5%,但在小速度时,升力系数提升的代价是阻力系数增加。本文研究为传统涡桨飞机改型为分布式螺旋桨飞机总体设计提供了参考。

Improving the Stability of theMultiple-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Method by a Viscosity Counteracting Approach

Numerical instability may occur when simulating high Reynolds number flows by the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).The multiple-relaxation-time(MRT)model of the LBM can improve the accuracy and stability,but is still subject to numerical instability when simulating flows with large single-grid Reynolds number(Reynolds number/grid number).The viscosity counteracting approach proposed recently is a method of enhancing the stability of the LBM.However,its effectiveness was only verified in the single-relaxation-time model of the LBM(SRT-LBM).This paper aims to propose the viscosity counteracting approach for the multiple-relaxationtime model(MRT-LBM)and analyze its numerical characteristics.The verification is conducted by simulating some benchmark cases:the two-dimensional(2D)lid-driven cavity flow,Poiseuille flow,Taylor-Green vortex flow and Couette flow,and threedimensional(3D)rectangular jet.Qualitative and Quantitative comparisons show that the viscosity counteracting approach for the MRT-LBMhas better accuracy and stability than that for the SRT-LBM.

Lattice Boltzmann Study of a Vortex Ring Impacting Spheroidal Particles

Interaction of vortex rings with solid is an important research topic of hydrodynamic.In this study,a multiple-relaxation time(MRT)lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)is used to investigate the flow of a vortex ring impacting spheroidal particles.The MRT-LBM is validated through the cases of vortex ring impacting a flat wall.The vortex evolution due to particle size,the aspect ratio of a prolate particle,as well as Reynolds(Re)number are discussed in detail.When the vortex ring impacting a stationary sphere,the primary and secondary vortex rings wrap around each other,which is different from the situation of the vortex ring impacting a plate.For the vortex ring impacting with a prolate spheroid,the secondary vortex ring stretches mainly along the long axis of the ellipsoid particle.However,it is found that after the vortex wrapping stage,the primary vortex recovers along the short axis of the particle faster than that in the long axis,i.e.,the primary vortex ring stretches mainly along the short axis of the particle.That has never been address in the literature.

Lattice BGK Simulation of Multipolar Vortex Formation

Analytical and numerical studies have shown that multipolar vortices can emerge in two-dimensional flow due to azimuthal normal mode perturbations of shielded vortices.It has been found that mode 2 and 3 perturbations can lead to the formation of stable tripoles and quadrapoles,respectively,while higher order modes result in more complex unstable compound vortices.We have used the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate the effect of azimuthal perturbations on shielded vortices at moderate Reynolds numbers.We have found that azimuthal normal mode perturbations result in the formation of multipoles,which decay due to viscous dissipation.We could also observe that the outcome of such simulations is very sensitive to the displacement of perturbations above wavenumber-3 excitations,in spite of the significant viscosity we used.

计及尾涡收缩的螺旋桨滑流计算

常见计算螺旋桨滑流流场方法中，很少计及桨叶面附近必然存在的尾涡收缩。本文采用升力面涡格法，建立一种三维自由尾涡模型。构造一种松弛迭代格式，通过迭代获得收缩尾涡模型，计算相应的滑流流场。

基于改进涡格法的飞翼布局飞机稳定性导数计算

由于没有垂直安定面,无尾飞翼布局飞机航向安定性通常接近中立或略微为负,造成了其横航向稳定性与常规布局飞机具有很大区别。因此无尾飞翼布局飞机在概念设计阶段,必须在进行气动性能优化的同时,计算获得较为准确的气动导数数据以对飞机横航向稳定性进行分析,这对气动计算软件计算精度和效率提出了很高的要求。本文在现有涡格法计算软件的基础上,提出了改进算法。以一概念飞翼布局飞机为算例进行计算,结果与风洞实验结果的对比证明:飞机具有侧滑角的情况下,改进算法比原算法计算精度有明显提高。

采用涡格法和面元法预报吊舱推进器非定常水动力性能(英文)

文章发展了一种预报吊舱推进器非定常水动力性能的数值方法。该方法分别基于涡格法和面元法对螺旋桨叶片和吊舱进行计算。螺旋桨工作在船体和吊舱包后的非均匀来流中,其对吊舱包和支架的非定常诱导速度在文中进行了时均处理。用该数值方法分别预报了有无船体情况下的四叶桨吊舱推进器水动力性能,并通过与空泡水筒的推力、扭矩实验数据相比较,验证了数值方法的有效性。该文还基于数值结果讨论了吊舱对于螺旋桨非定常力和力矩的影响,说明吊舱包—支架单元所诱导的伴流对螺旋桨受力是有较大影响的。

桨舵干扰系统非定常水动力性能预估(英文)

基于对桨舵干扰的系统研究 ,本文提供了一个桨舵非定常干扰问题的理论计算方法 ,桨采用非定常涡格法 ,舵采用基于速度势的非定常面元法。在时域范围内通过迭代计算考虑螺旋桨和舵的相互影响。文中提供了一些算例考核 ,通过与实验结果对比 ,证明本文提供的方法是可靠的 ,可供实际应用。

基于涡格法的近程无人机气动优化与风洞实验验证

针对低雷诺数的近程无人机,利用涡格法(VLM)对无人机气动特性进行了加装翼尖小翼优化设计,并通过风洞实验进行了验证。首先给出了翼尖小翼的几何参数并分析其对全机气动特性的影响,其次利用涡格法对小翼进行气动建模和优选,针对无人机巡航状态给出了小翼优化结果,最后利用风洞实验对优化前后的无人机进行了吹风实验对比验证,实验结果表明,涡格法和风洞实验结果在线性段相符,涡格法能够较准确地描述和预测翼尖小翼特性,加装翼尖小翼后的无人机巡航状态升阻比提高12%,全机滚转阻尼加大,偏航阻尼变化很小。

仿鸟复合振动的扑翼气动分析

根据绿头鸭飞行的录像片断 ,对其平飞时翅膀的扑动模型进行简化 ,提出了一种新的变速 -折叠扑翼扑动模型 ,使之更符合鸟类翅膀的实际扑动规律。通过非定常涡格法的比较计算发现 ,以该新模型规律运动的扑动翼 ,在一个周期内的平均升力系数较原有的匀角速度刚性模型有了显著增加 ,更适用于设计微型扑翼机。本文较详细地计算分析了扑翼平均升力系数随着扑动幅度、俯仰幅度以及扑动频率等各种扑动参数的变化曲线 ,为微型扑翼机的设计提供了一定的参考依据。

拖式吊舱螺旋桨定常性能理论计算

本文提出拖式吊舱螺旋桨 (螺旋桨位于吊舱首部 )定常水动力性能的势流理论计算方法。螺旋桨采用升力面理论涡格法、吊舱采用面元法分析计算 ,二者的相互干扰通过叠代计算来处理。考虑吊舱的影响 ,修改了尾涡模型。应用本方法 ,计算了拖式吊舱螺旋桨的定常性能 ,并与空泡水筒试验结果进行了比较 。

适合于柔性结构扑翼飞行器的空间非定常涡格法

推导了新的基于空间非定常涡格法的扑翼飞行器升力和推力的计算公式,然后分析了瞬时形状速度对它们的影响。与实验结果的对照表明,基于向量分析、考虑了飞行中的诱导阻力因素的新公式可以有效地估算升力和推力。由于结构的柔性使扑翼在扑动过程中存在变形,本文考虑了空间涡格法中扑翼的/ηt对气动力的影响,提出了/ηt的表达式,使之更接近真实扑动情况,并计算了其对扑翼飞行器升力和推力的影响。通过计算发现,升力系数和推力系数的正峰值和负峰值随/ηt增大而增大,平均升力和平均推力也随/ηt增大而增大,表明可以通过改变结构参数达到改善气动性能的目的,对扑翼飞行器的研制有一定的指导作用。