Residual stress modeling of thin wall by laser cladding forming

The residual stress generated in the laser cladding could lead to undesirable distortions or even crack formation. In order to better understand the evolution/yielding process of stress field,a 3 D finite-element thermo-mechanical model was established for the laser cladding formation of thin wall with the 17-4 PH powder on the FV520( B) steel. The temperature field was firstly analyzed,based on which the stress field and strain field of the laser cladding forming process were analyzed.In order to validate the prediction,the final residual stress field in the obtained thin wall was tested by X-ray diffraction in comparison with the predicted results.

Model Test and Numerical Analysis on Long-Term Mechanical Properties of Stepped Reinforced Retaining Wall

Model tests and numerical analyses of stepped reinforced retaining wall were performed to investigate the effects of rheology of backfill and creep of geogrids on the long-term performance of the structure.The geogrid tensions,soil pressures,wall deformations and foundation pressure were measured during model construction and loading.A visco-elasto-plastic model and an empirical nonlinear visco-elastic model were utilized to simulate the stresses and deformations of geogrid-reinforced earth-retaining wall under long-term loads.By comparing test data with numerical results,it is shown that the foundation pressure distribution is nonlinear,and the lateral constraint of geogrids for backfill can cause a redistribution of foundation pressure.The curve of soil pressure is outside convex at each step initially,and it is close to the distribution for the case of vertical wall subsequently.The variation trend of geogrid tensions at different heights is obtained.Moreover,the failure mechanism and development mode of potential slip surface in retaining wall are proposed.

增层框架-摇摆墙体系抗震性能研究

目的基于既有建筑的结构无法满足使用需求现状,通过质量调节及变形模式控制实现结构自振周期延长与损伤可控。方法提出增层框架-摇摆墙体系,对该结构进行理论分析,研究增层对整体结构地震效应的影响机理;利用SAP2000平台建立五个有限元模型,基于规范反应谱开展参数敏感性、静力弹塑性和动力弹塑性分析;并在此基础上,提出摇摆墙简化力学模型。结果增层的质量及高度对整体结构地震作用影响显著;与原框架相比,增层后结构基本自振周期最大延长31.7%,最大弹塑性极限位移响应降低11.5%,最大位移角响应降低20.2%,结构变形不均匀性降低22.0%;与框架-摇摆墙相比,增层后摇摆墙弯矩在弹塑性极限状态下降低33.9%。结论合理设置增层框架-摇摆墙可以小幅降低结构整体地震作用,减小结构地震响应,对结构变形模式可实现有效控制;所建立的摇摆墙简化力学模型可合理反应地震作用下墙体弯矩分布,并使设计偏于安全。

某高层剪力墙结构不均匀沉降分析及处理

无新增荷载情况下的持续不均匀沉降常常发生在地基有缺陷的高层建筑中,该类沉降产生的破坏是缓慢持续的。地基不均匀沉降会导致建筑物开裂、倾斜,进一步发生结构安全事故。依据某高层剪力墙结构以及不均匀沉降监测数据,采用ABAQUS建立该高层剪力墙结构三维有限元计算模型,分析不均匀沉降工况下上部结构的内力分布及整体变形发展规律。结果显示,有限元计算得到的模型内力增大位置与实际外墙主要开裂位置相吻合,整体沉降变形发展规律与现场实测数据基本一致,证明上部结构三维有限元模型的可行性。进一步建立剪力墙结构-桩筏基础-地基耦合计算模型,开展不同筏板厚度对整体结构不均匀沉降的影响分析。同时结合实际案例制定“增设筏板+补桩”处理方法,加固完成后监测数据显示房屋处于稳定状态,变形与裂缝均无发展。

用于液体容器内液位测量的金属薄壁梁振动模态仿真研究

为实现用于液体容器内液位测量的金属薄壁梁振动模态的准确模拟,构建金属薄壁梁的有限元圆梁模型。该模型采用有限元法对金属薄壁梁纵向振动模型的特征频率进行分析,从而对金属薄壁梁暴露于外部刺激时所产生的纵向振动进行准确模拟。在所开展研究中,对薄壁梁采用圆梁分布质量模型,分析模型的前4种振动模态的特征频率。为验证该模型的有效性,将该模型对金属薄壁梁前4种纵向振动模态的模拟结果与理论模型结果、实际金属薄壁梁试验结果及其他两种仿真模型的模拟结果进行了对比。对比结果表明,所构建圆梁模型对金属薄壁梁纵向振动模态的模拟结果与理论、试验分析结果高度一致,且模拟结果效果明显优于其他两种模型。

高心墙堆石坝材料本构模型计算的适用性研究

为研究不同材料本构模型对高心墙堆石坝应力、变形计算的适用性,以RM 300 m级高心墙堆石坝堆石料的室内试验成果为基础,分别对邓肯E-B模型、沈珠江双屈服面模型及MPZG模型进行材料本构验证和坝体有限元分析。研究结果表明:3种模型均能较好地表现堆石料三轴路径下的应力响应,而邓肯EB模型在低围压下体积响应表现效果欠佳;3种模型计算的坝体应力、变形分布均符合一般规律,应力相近,但变形计算中邓肯E-B模型得到的沉降与顺河向位移均较大;在高心墙堆石坝建设初期,可采用邓肯E-B模型进行早期分析,后期宜采用沈珠江双屈服面模型、MPZG模型等进行决策评价。

预制混凝土夹心保温墙体GFRP连接件抗剪性能研究

纤维增强材料连接件因导热系数低、耐久性好等特点,在建筑外墙中具有广阔的工程应用前景。然而,纤维增强材料连接件抗剪性能较差,有必要开展采用纤维增强材料连接件的墙板抗剪性能研究。利用Abaqus有限元软件,选择合理的混凝土和连接件本构模型,建立4种不同类型连接件的数值模型。通过与试验结果进行对比,证明所建模型的有效性。随后探讨混凝土等级、连接件数量、连接件布置方式对夹心保温墙板抗剪承载力的影响。研究结果表明,提高混凝土等级能够提高部分夹心保温墙板在破坏阶段的承载力,但提升能力十分有限;连接件水平布置比垂直布置的墙板承载力略高;对于使用棒状及类似形状连接件的夹心保温墙板,增加连接件数量是最直接提高抗剪能力的方式。最后,分析了夹心保温墙板不同的失效模式及其计算方法。

液压爬模施工技术在建筑结构工程中的应用

本文探究了液压爬模施工技术在高层建筑中的应用。该装置包括铝合金模板、埋件、架体、导轨、液压油缸五部分,配合早拆支撑体系可以达到加快施工效率、降低工程造价的效果。使用Midas/Gen软件构建液压爬模有限元模型,并计算静止和爬升两种工况下的抗弯、抗剪强度。结果表明,两种工况下构件强度均在设计范围内,满足安全要求。

基于颗粒离散元的新型格宾墙破坏机理研究

为探索新型格宾墙相较于传统矩形格宾墙在受力特性方面的差异性,基于离散元分析方法,分别对两种不同格宾墙结构形式在均布荷载作用下的破坏机理进行了研究。离散元模拟结果表明:两种格宾墙在墙背处均产生背离填土方向的位移,不同的是梯形格宾墙产生的横向位移较小,梯形格宾墙的受力及稳定性要优于矩形格宾墙。

炉内壁结焦对工业炉性能的影响研究

针对工业炉在工作过程中的结焦失效问题,研究炉内壁结焦对工业炉性能的影响。选取型号为DG1025/18.3-II5的工业炉作为研究对象,分析工业炉内壁的结焦机理,然后利用有限元软件ABAQUS构建有限元分析模型,设定模型内结焦层网格相对细密、工业炉金属网格相对稀疏,最后设定模型边界条件与工况负荷,开展炉内壁结焦对工业炉性能的测试。研究结果显示,煤粉粒径会对工业炉内壁结焦厚度造成影响,粒径越大,其结焦厚度越大;随着结焦厚度的提升,工业炉的屈服强度、抗拉强度及伸长率都呈下降趋势,说明炉内壁结焦会对工业炉的强度与塑性产生消极影响,即其结焦厚度与工业炉的力学性能呈反比例相关;随着结焦厚度的提升,工业炉金属基体同结焦层界面处的温度逐渐提升,工业炉内外壁温差逐渐提升,即工业炉内壁结焦会对其传热性能造成破坏;工业炉内壁产生结焦时,工业炉外壁径向变形量低于内壁,随着结焦厚度提升,内外壁的径向变形量均表现出提升趋势,当变形量达到一定值后,将造成工业炉局部胀裂,进而破坏其机械性能。综上,工业炉内壁结焦会对其力学性能、传热性能及机械性能造成破坏。

不同起爆条件下双钢壁LNG储罐抗爆性能分析

由于双钢壁储罐具有建造周期短、投资小等优点,在LNG储存中应用越来越广泛,但其易在外罐受到外部冲击时引发内罐的破坏。为了分析储罐在不同外爆载荷条件下的破坏行为,以双钢壁LNG储罐为研究对象,考虑内、外罐及保冷材料之间的载荷传递与相互作用,建立了外罐-保冷材料-内罐多介质的多相耦合有限元模型,并对多影响因素下储罐在外爆载荷作用下的破坏进行了分析,探究其抗爆性能。结果表明:在外爆载荷作用下,内、外罐从迎爆面中心向内凹陷直至发生破坏,最大应力均在迎爆面中心,且越靠近中心应力值越大;内、外罐材料均先达到屈服强度后发生塑性变形,随后达到失效应变值并发生破坏;与外罐相比,内罐发生破坏的时间晚42.9%,变形范围和破坏范围分别小12.3%、6.7%;储罐的抗爆性能随着储存液位的升高和罐体容积的增大而增强,随着起爆位置从罐壁中心向上、下两侧移动而提高,在罐壁中心起爆时储罐的破坏程度最大。该研究成果可为双钢壁LNG储罐的设计和储存液位的控制等方面提供理论参考依据。

坝口河沥青混凝土心墙坝三维地震响应分析

坝口河水库沥青混凝土心墙坝修建于河道拐弯处,上、下游坝体均偏向于左侧,形态特殊。本文对该心墙坝展开三维时程法动力分析,坝体动力本构模型为等效线性模型。计算得到了坝体的加速度分布、动位移等结果,并采用沈珠江的残余应变增量模型获取了震后永久变形。计算结果显示,坝体结构的一阶周期为0.38s,一阶振型以顺河向变形为主,在振动过程中坝体加速度随着坝高放大,具有明显的“鞭梢”效应,动位移最大值约12cm。震后永久变形以竖向沉陷为主,最大沉陷约24.63cm,出现在坝顶。本文研究成果可为大坝设计提供科学依据,也可为同类工程参考。

BIM技术辅助空间异型薄壁混凝土结构施工技术

为高效且精确地完成现浇空间异型薄壁混凝土结构的施工,以熊猫基地扩建工程熊猫门建筑施工为载体,分析了BIM技术在施工过程中的应用。利用BIM建立空间曲面薄壁结构三维模型,并对曲面弧形结构进行有限元划分;通过建立模板支撑体系三维模型,导入MIDAS GEN后应用有限元分析计算,优化支架搭设方式,实现支撑体系的深化设计。结果表明:利用BIM技术辅助空间异型薄壁混凝土结构施工,提高了混凝土施工效率,节约了施工时间与成本。

Mechanical performance of a double-face reinforced retaining wall in an area disturbed by mining

The application of a double-face reinforced retaining wall during road construction can reduce engineering costs, speed road paving and have a good influence on environment. An ABAQUS numerical model of a double-face reinforced retaining wall was built. The influence of surface subsidence induced by mining was considered. A physical model test was also performed in the laboratory on a reinforced retaining wall. The influence of subsidence induced by mining was observed. The numerical results match measurements in the laboratory very well. The vertical pressure on the base of the retaining wall, the horizontal displacement of the wall and the horizontal soil pressure acting on the wall were analyzed. The differential settlement of the reinforced belt and axial forces in the wall were also studied.

An elastic-plastic analysis of short-leg shear wall structures during earthquakes

Short-leg shear wall structures are a new form of building structure that combine the merits of both frame and shear wall structures. Its architectural features, structure bearing and engineering cost are reasonable. To analyze the elastic-plastic response of a short-leg shear wall structure during an earthquake, this study modified the multiple-vertical-rod element model of the shear wall, considered the shear lag effect and proposed a multiple-vertical-rod element coupling beam model with a new local stiffness domain. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy and the variational principle, the stiffness matrixes of a short-leg shear wall and a coupling beam are derived in this study. Furthermore, the bending shear correlation for the analysis of different parameters to describe the structure, such as the beam height to span ratio, short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio, and steel ratio are introduced. The results show that the height to span ratio directly affects the structural integrity; and the short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio should be limited to a range of approximately 6.0 to 7.0. The design of short-leg shear walls should be in accordance with the ＂strong wall and weak beam＂ principle.

Non-limit passive soil pressure on rigid retaining walls

This paper aims to reveal the depth distribution law of non-limit passive soil pressure on rigid retaining wall that rotates about the top of the wall(rotation around the top(RT) model). Based on Coulomb theory, the disturbance degree theory, as well as the spring-element model, by setting the rotation angle of the wall as the disturbance parameter, we establish both a depth distribution function for sand and a nonlinear depth distribution calculation method for the non-limit passive soil pressure on a rigid retaining wall under the RT model, which is then compared with experiment. The results suggest that under the RT model: the non-limit soil pressure has a nonlinear distribution; the backfill disturbance degree and the lateral soil pressure increase with an increase in the wall rotation angle; and, the points where the resultant lateral soil pressure acts on the retaining wall are less than 2/3 of the height of the wall. The soil pressure predicted by the theoretical calculation put forward in this paper are quite similar to those obtained by the model experiment, which verifies the theoretical value, and the engineering guidance provided by the calculations are of significance.

陶瓷基复合材料厚壁圆筒结构强度分析

针对固体火箭发动机喷管扩张段以及其在服役过程中受到的复杂载荷工况,开展了轴向力和内压双向加载下针刺C/C-ZrC-SiC复合材料厚壁圆筒试验件的强度破坏测试试验,获得了试验件的破坏强度和失效应变;结合修正的最大应力损伤失效准则与多尺度建模方法,建立了针刺复合材料厚壁圆筒试验件的有限元(FE)模型;模拟了复杂载荷作用下试样内部的应力、应变以及损伤演化状态,模拟结果与试验结果一致性较好。分析结果对于改进固体火箭发动机针刺C/C-ZrC-SiC复合材料喷管扩张段结构设计有一定的参考价值。

土石坝沥青混凝土心墙应力状态计算分析

构建了土石坝的材料本构模型和接触本构模型,采用有限元法分析了某工程沥青混凝土心墙坝的应力状态和变形情况,探讨了不同心墙材料参数、心墙底部与基座之间连接方式对心墙应力状态的影响。

基于修正Park-Ang模型的SCS剪力墙损伤指数研究

为研究双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙(Steel-concrete-steel composite shear walls,SCS)剪力墙在地震作用下的损伤演化规律,基于Park-Ang损伤模型提出修正后的SCS剪力墙双参数损伤模型,并采用OpenSees有限元软件对72个依照现行规范设计的SCS剪力墙试件进行分析,研究轴压比、剪跨比、暗柱配钢率、墙身配钢率对SCS剪力墙的极限位移、屈服位移、屈服剪力、累积滞回耗能等指标的影响,得到了适用于双钢板混凝土剪力墙基于变形和耗能双重准则的损伤模型。以对数正态分布作为分布密度函数来对双钢板混凝土剪力墙构件各损伤状态的累积概率密度进行拟合,得到了SCS剪力墙不同损伤程度对应的损伤指数范围。

新型挡土墙砌块剪切性能试验与数值分析

新型装配式挡土墙由榫卯型砌块干垒而成,通过模型试验,并结合有限元模拟,从局部的角度出发,对不同榫卯数量砌块的剪切性能进行了对比研究,结果表明:竖向压力和榫卯数量对砌块的抗剪性能有一定的影响,竖向压力越大,砌块的抗剪强度越高;榫卯数量的增多,砌块之间契合性变差,砌块的抗剪强度会降低;砌块损伤主要发生在榫卯部分,生产时应采取措施进行局部加强。该榫卯型砌块挡土墙的优化设计和加固提供了参考。