Implementing the First-Aid Education into the College Curriculum in China: The Efficacy Study of the First-Aid Workshop at Wenzhou-Kean University

In the event of an emergency, the timely and appropriate first-aid operations provided by non-medical personnel at the scene of accident before the arrival of medical professionals are crucial to help minimize the frequency in accidental induced deaths and injuries. Thus, it is essential to provide the effective first-aid training to the public. College students are considered to be the ideal candidates due to their excellent learning ability, maturity as well as the strong adaptability. Not as in most advanced countries, little education on the first aid is currently offered in Chinese universities especially those non-medical institutes. To determine the feasibility of introducing the first-aid education into the school curriculum, here we reported the study on the efficacy of the one-day first-aid training at Wenzhou-Kean University (WKU), an American-Chinese joint education institute. The general survey was initially conducted among all the freshman (n = 620) students at WKU to identify their interests as well as demand for the first-aid education. Along with the one-day first aid workshop which included both the lecture and the operation sessions, the pre-post study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the workshop. The first-aid knowledge and skills as well as social awareness were judged before and after the training among the participants (Pre: n = 95;Post: n = 85). Results demonstrated that more than 95% of students appreciate the importance of first-aid training in universities indicating an extremely high demand. More than 40% students prefer to have the first-aid education as part of their curriculum. It also revealed that students lack professional knowledge towards the key first-aid skills such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The pre-post efficacy study suggested that participants’ knowledge as well as skills have been significantly improved after the workshop. The correctness rate of objective questions for CPR was raised from 68.4% to almost 100%;For Heimlich method, the accuracy rate was elevated about 2.4 fold. We also surveyed the social awareness among the participants. The ratio of people who are willing to take a leading role in emergency rescue at the accidental site with the absence of medical professionals increased from 11.5% to 23.2%. To conclude, our study indicates that the one-day first-aid workshop not only significantly improved students’ skills and knowledge, but also raised their social awareness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement first-aid education into the curriculum of WKU and other Chinese Universities.

Study on the Treatment Strategy of Batches of the Wounded and Partial First-Aid Procedures in Public Emergencies in Tertiary General Hospitals

Objective: The purpose is to formulate treatment strategies of batches of the wounded and partial first-aid procedures, and further improve the emergency rescue capability of hospitals. Methods: This study analyzed the emergency treatment case that we participated in. In this case, we used various means to start the emergency plan, run the emergency procedures, optimize diagnosis, treatment, and rescue procedures, mobilize medical rescue resources, provide a reference for emergency command decisions, formulate a set of coping strategies of tertiary general hospitals on public emergencies. Results: Through the scientific and effective management of our hospital, 20 wounded have been discharged from the hospital and achieved the ideal effect of zero deaths in the hospital. Conclusions: The new mode of first-aid and health emergency management on the scene of modern disaster needs to find ways to minimize the loss of life and property brought by public emergencies, integrate the various sections of modern disaster medicine, integrate a large number of international and domestic basic and clinical research achievements of disaster first-aid, and upgrade to information, digital system.

论战创伤急救的时效性

目的探讨战创伤急救的时效性对战创伤救治的指导意义。方法围绕平、战创伤死亡统计资料分析战伤、平时创伤死亡与时间的关系;针对重点死亡高峰确定急救时间窗。结果可控制的出血、解除窒息保持呼吸道通畅等应该在“急救白金10分钟”内完成;休克应该在30min内有效地干预并控制;胸、腹、盆腔的内脏损伤出血、严重的颅脑伤应该在“黄金1小时”内进行确定性的救命手术或控制损伤手术。结论提高战创伤急救各阶段的时效性,要从群体急救知识的普及培训着手,改进军事卫勤理论和技术,才能有效降低战创伤伤员的伤残率与死亡率。

新一代一次性医用低位输液器可行性研究

目的:研究一种新一代低位输液器,它不必将输液瓶在高处悬挂,可以随便将其放在身边,因为输液完毕后压力仍然存在,因此回血的情况不会发生。方法:将压力件安置在PP聚酯空瓶底部,使其在按压缩PE复合膜囊袋分别装有100、250、500 cc液体药物受压,随输液管在蝴蝶螺母控制任意调节下,按照患者适用滴量完成输液过程。结果:它结构简单且能够让低位输液器实现定量输出药水液体,使用方便、价格便宜,是一种理想的医用大输液装置。结论:该低位输液器在使用中确实体现出良好的优势,特别是在户外急救、战时抢救,在飞机、火车、轮船、抗震抢险给患者输液救护时,不受任何紧急情况限制,可在第一时间实施抢救。

沉浸式教学法在基层部队兼职卫生战士战创伤急救训练中的应用

探索将沉浸式教学法应用到战创伤急救训练中的方法和效果,以期提高基层部队兼职卫生战士战创伤急救训练质效。

Storage and Management for Medicines in the Home of University Students of the Health Area of Espoch, Ecuador

This work collects the characteristics of the family kits of students from the careers related to health in the Espoch, by identifying their knowledge and habits to determine the relationship between self-medication and the possession of medicines contained in the first-aid kit. This is related to the most outstanding frequency （48.1% bedroom） with the use of medicines in the home （48.5% when the treatment ends）. Taking into account that 63.6% do not have a kit, they stored them in inadequate places to control their stability and quality for the use they were made, being analgesics and antibiotics those commonly found during the inspection that took place in the home. This determines that storage habits are not adequate for the proper storage of medications, including having knowledge of health and the importance of proper use by students, being essential to know that medicines must be stored in fresh places and dry, to avoid damage and problems associated with its stability.

Study on integrated treatment of severe burn in batch patients

Objective:To explore the burn treatment and first aid flow mode in batch patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the treatment experience of 10 or more patients in the group burn accident admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from 2008 to 2020,in order to acquire the general information(e.g.,age,sex[male and female],injury causes and factors,total burn surface area,inhalation injury and compound injury),the time when each first-aid rescue team was in place;the reception time of the triage group;specialist rescue start time;treatment process and treatment outcome in patients with severe burns,such as the establishment time of deep venous access.Results:67 cases(n=68)of patients were cured and the curative ratio was 98.5%.The average time from the rescue order of the commander-in-chief to the placement of each medical group was 8.8 minutes,the average reception time of the triage group was 4.5 minutes,the average specialist rescue start time was 18.6 minutes,and the average establishment time of deep vein access for patients with severe burns was about 11.3 minutes.Conclusions:Scientific and reasonable pre-hospital emergency triage and treatment for burn patients can be achieved by implementing integrated treatment.

Lead to Elevate the Temperature and Speed of Emergency Rescue and Nursing Care of Common Carotid Artery Rupture and Massive Hemorrhage after Operation of Typical Esophageal Cancer

Objective:Objective To explore the first aid and nursing of patients with anastomotic fistula after radical resection of esophagus carcinoma complicated with major carotid hemorrhage.Methods:The clinical data of anastomotic fistula complicated with carotid artery rupture and massive hemorrhage after radical resection of typical esophageal carcinoma were analyzed and summarized.Results:Through the close cooperation of medical care,the rescue was successful.Conclusion:Earlier prevention observation,raising first aid consciousness and actively cooperating with doctors can improve the success rate of rescue.

Multi-crosslinking hydrogels with robust bio-adhesion and pro-coagulant activity for first-aid hemostasis and infected wound healing

Bio-adhesive polysaccharide-based hydrogels have attracted much attention in first-aid hemostasis and wound healing for excellent biocompatibility,antibacterial property and pro-healing bioactivity.Yet,the inadequate mechanical properties and bio-adhesion limit their applications.Herein,based on dynamic covalent bonds,photo-triggered covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds,multifunctional bio-adhesive hydrogels comprising modified carboxymethyl chitosan,modified sodium alginate and tannic acid are developed.Multi-crosslinking strategy endows hydrogels with improved strength and flexibility simultaneously.Owing to cohesion enhancement strategy and self-healing ability,considerable bio-adhesion is presented by the hydrogel with a maximal adhesion strength of 162.6 kPa,12.3-fold that of commercial fibrin glue.Based on bio-adhesion and pro-coagulant activity(e.g.,the stimulative aggregation and adhesion of erythrocytes and platelets),the hydrogel reveals superior hemostatic performance in rabbit liver injury model with blood loss of 0.32 g,only 54.2%of that in fibrin glue.The healing efficiency of hydrogel for infected wounds is markedly better than commercial EGF Gel and Ag+Gel due to the enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant properties.Through the multi-crosslinking strategy,the hydrogels show enhanced mechanical properties,fabulous bio-adhesion,superior hemostatic performance and promoting healing ability,thereby have an appealing application value for the first-aid hemostasis and infected wound healing.