Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect differences among five-knee-point acupuncture combined with Chinese medication package warm compress therapy of Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction(身痛逐瘀汤 generalized p...Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect differences among five-knee-point acupuncture combined with Chinese medication package warm compress therapy of Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction(身痛逐瘀汤 generalized pain stasis-expelling decoction),simple five-knee-point acupuncture and simple Chinese medication package warm compress therapy of Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction in treating knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods:A total of 126 KOA patients were randomized into a five-knee-point acupuncture combined with Chinese medication package warm compress therapy group(combined treatment group),where there were 42 cases,including 28 cases of unilateral KOA and 14 cases of bilateral KOA,totally 56 affected knees involved,a Chinese medication package warm compress therapy group(medication package group,42 cases,including 22 cases of unilateral KOA,20 cases of bilateral KOA,totally 62 affected knees involved)and a five-knee-point acupuncture group(five-knee-point group,42 cases,including 27 cases of unilateral KOA,15 cases of bilateral KOA,totally 57 affected knees involved).The basic health education was provided in all of the groups.Additionally,in the combined treatment group,acupuncture was applied to the five knee points on the affected side for 30 min.The warm compress with herbal package of Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction was given for 10 to 15 min.In the medication package group,the warm compress with Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction was exerted on the affected area for 10 to 15 min.In the fiveknee-point group,acupuncture was applied to SP 10,ST 34,EX-LE 2,EX-LE 4 and ST 35 and the needles were retained for 30 min.The treatment in each group was given once a day,consecutively for 2 weeks.Before and after treatment,the visual analogue scale(VAS)and Lysholm knee scale were adopted to evaluate the pain degree and knee joint motor function in KOA patients.The clinical therapeutic effects were evaluated too.Results:A total of 121 cases accomplished the final observation and 5 cases were dropped out in the three groups,in which,2 cases(2 affected knees)were dropped out in the combined treatment group,1 case(2 affected knees)in the medication package group and 2 cases(3 affected knees)in the fiveknee-point group.VAS scores after treatment were all lower than those before treatment in the three groups and the scores of Lysholm knee scale were all higher than those before treatment,indicating the significant differences(all P<0.05).The total effective rate was 98.1%(53/54)in the combined treatment group,which was higher than 86.7%(52/60)in the medication package group and 92.6%(50/54)in the five-knee-point group,indicating the significant differences(all P<0.05).After treatment,VAS score(2.24±1.24)in the combined medication group was lower than(2.48±1.08)in the medication package group and(2.63 ± 1.44)in the five-knee-point group,presenting the significant difference(all P<0.05).The score of Lysholm knee scale was(60.50±13.76)in the combined medication group,higher than(52.23±11.65)in the medication package group and(52.14±11.77)in the five-knee-point group,indicting the significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the simple application of Chinese medication package warm compress therapy of Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction or the five-knee-point acupuncture therapy,five-knee-point acupuncture combined with Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction relieves the clinical symptoms of KOA patients more effectively and achieves a better clinical therapeutic effect.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Varying degrees of inflammatory responses occur during lumbar nerve root compression. Studies have shown that nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） are involved in sec...BACKGROUND： Varying degrees of inflammatory responses occur during lumbar nerve root compression. Studies have shown that nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） are involved in secondary disc inflammation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of warm acupuncture on the ultrastructure of inflammatory mediators in a rat model of lumbar nerve root compression, including NOS and CGRP contents. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled study, with molecular biological analysis, was performed at the Experimental Center, Sixth People＇s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, between September 2006 and April 2007. MATERIALS： Acupuncture needles and refined Moxa grains were purchased from Shanghai Taicheng Technology Development Co., Ltd., China; Mobic tablets were purchased from Shanghai Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., China; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kits for NOS and CGRP were purchased from ADL Biotechnology, Inc., USA. METHODS： A total of 50, healthy, adult Sprague-Dawley rats, were randomly divided into five groups normal, model, warm acupuncture, acupuncture, and drug, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the four groups, excluding the normal group, were used to establish models of lumbar nerve root compression. After 3 days, Jiaji points were set using reinforcing-reducing manipulation in the warm acupuncture group. Moxa grains were burned on each needle, with 2 grains each daily. The acupuncture group was the same as the warm acupuncture group, with the exception of non-moxibustion. Mobic suspension （3.75 mg/kg） was used in the oral drug group, once a day. Treatment of each group lasted for 14 consecutive days. Modeling and medication were not performed in the normal group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The ultrastructure of damaged nerve roots was observed with transmission electron microscopy; NOS and CGRP contents were measured using ELISA. RESULTS： The changes of the radicular ultramicrostructure were characterized by Wallerian degeneration; nerve fibers were clearly demyelinated; axons collapsed or degenerated; outer Schwann cell cytoplasm was swollen and its nucleus was compacted. Compared with the normal group, NOS and CGRP contents in the nerve root compression zone in the model group were significantly increased （P 〈 0.01）. Nerve root edema was improved in the drug, acupuncture and the warm acupuncture groups over the model group. NOS and CGRP expressions were also decreased with the warm acupuncture group having the lowest concentration （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： In comparison to the known effects of Mobic drug and acupuncture treatments, the warm acupuncture significantly decreased NOS and CGRP expression which helped improve the ultrastructure of the compressed nerve root.展开更多
目的:研究氢分子联合热敷在敏感性皮肤修复中的应用效果。方法:将2021年11月-2022年1月120例面部敏感性皮肤志愿者随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组仅用氢睐~?光感修护面膜,实验组使用氢睐^(■)光感修护面膜和富氢热敷贴组合。使用前和...目的:研究氢分子联合热敷在敏感性皮肤修复中的应用效果。方法:将2021年11月-2022年1月120例面部敏感性皮肤志愿者随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组仅用氢睐~?光感修护面膜,实验组使用氢睐^(■)光感修护面膜和富氢热敷贴组合。使用前和使用第28天,采用VISIA皮肤图像分析仪对两组志愿者进行检测并进行安全性和满意度评价,并检测两组角质层含水量和皮肤经皮失水量(Trans epidermal water loss,TEWL)。结果:联合使用28 d后,实验组VISIA紫外线色斑、红色区分值及角质层含水量、TEWL均较使用前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组志愿者均未出现皮肤不良反应,且两组使用满意率均≥80%。结论:氢分子结合热敷对敏感性皮肤屏障的修复功效明显,值得临床推广使用。展开更多
目的:系统评价会阴热敷在第二产程中的应用效果。方法:在Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中检索会阴热敷相关文献,检索时限为建库至2023年9月6日。2位研究者通过文献筛选、文献质量评价...目的:系统评价会阴热敷在第二产程中的应用效果。方法:在Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中检索会阴热敷相关文献,检索时限为建库至2023年9月6日。2位研究者通过文献筛选、文献质量评价后进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入12篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,会阴热敷能缓解第二产程会阴疼痛[OR=1.04,95%CI(0.88,1.21),P<0.0001]、减轻产后首日会阴疼痛率[OR=0.31,95%CI(0.22,0.42),P<0.0001]、缓解产后会阴肿胀程度[OR=0.46,95%CI(0.36,0.59),P<0.0001];会阴热敷能增加会阴完整率[RR=2.49,95%CI(1.94,3.20),P<0.00001]、降低Ⅲ、Ⅳ度会阴损伤率[RR=0.40,95%CI(0.23,0.68),P=0.0007];降低会阴侧切率[RR=0.59,95%CI(0.51,0.69),P<0.00001];但试验组第二产程时长[MD=-1.26,95%CI(-2.94,0.41),P=0.14]及产后第2天会阴疼痛程度[MD=0.13,95%CI(-0.98,1.25),P=0.82]与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:现有证据表明,会阴热敷可降低会阴损伤严重程度、会阴侧切率、产后会阴肿胀程度、第二产程时长及产后首日的会阴疼痛程度,提示临床护理干预中可在第二产程根据孕妇实际情况给予会阴热敷,缓解疼痛及改善分娩相关结局指标。展开更多
Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is one of the most promising combustion concepts to maintain low pollutant emissions and high efficiency. However, low load combustion stability and firing in cold-start operations ...Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is one of the most promising combustion concepts to maintain low pollutant emissions and high efficiency. However, low load combustion stability and firing in cold-start operations are two major challenges for GCI combustion. Strategies including negative valve overlap (NVO), advanced injection strategies, fuel reforming, and intake preheating have been proposed in order to solve these difficulties;however, the cold start is still an obstacle. The objective of this work is to study effective methods to achieve GCI engine cold start-up. This work combines NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating to achieve quick firing under cold-start conditions and the subsequent warmup conditions. The results show that start of injection (SOI) during the intake stroke yields the best fuel economy, and injection during the compression stroke has the potential to extend the low load limit. Furthermore, SOI during the NVO period grants the ability to operate under engine conditions with cold intake air and coolant. With highly reactive products made by in-cylinder fuel reforming and fast heat accumulation in the combustion chamber, the NVO injection strategy is highly appropriate for GCI firing. An additional assisted technical method, such as intake preheating, is required to ignite the first firing cycle for a cold-start process. With the combination of NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating, the GCI engine successfully started within five combustion cycles in the experiment. After the firing process, the engine could stably operate without further intake preheating;thus, this method is appropriate for engine cold-start and warm-up.展开更多
文摘Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect differences among five-knee-point acupuncture combined with Chinese medication package warm compress therapy of Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction(身痛逐瘀汤 generalized pain stasis-expelling decoction),simple five-knee-point acupuncture and simple Chinese medication package warm compress therapy of Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction in treating knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods:A total of 126 KOA patients were randomized into a five-knee-point acupuncture combined with Chinese medication package warm compress therapy group(combined treatment group),where there were 42 cases,including 28 cases of unilateral KOA and 14 cases of bilateral KOA,totally 56 affected knees involved,a Chinese medication package warm compress therapy group(medication package group,42 cases,including 22 cases of unilateral KOA,20 cases of bilateral KOA,totally 62 affected knees involved)and a five-knee-point acupuncture group(five-knee-point group,42 cases,including 27 cases of unilateral KOA,15 cases of bilateral KOA,totally 57 affected knees involved).The basic health education was provided in all of the groups.Additionally,in the combined treatment group,acupuncture was applied to the five knee points on the affected side for 30 min.The warm compress with herbal package of Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction was given for 10 to 15 min.In the medication package group,the warm compress with Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction was exerted on the affected area for 10 to 15 min.In the fiveknee-point group,acupuncture was applied to SP 10,ST 34,EX-LE 2,EX-LE 4 and ST 35 and the needles were retained for 30 min.The treatment in each group was given once a day,consecutively for 2 weeks.Before and after treatment,the visual analogue scale(VAS)and Lysholm knee scale were adopted to evaluate the pain degree and knee joint motor function in KOA patients.The clinical therapeutic effects were evaluated too.Results:A total of 121 cases accomplished the final observation and 5 cases were dropped out in the three groups,in which,2 cases(2 affected knees)were dropped out in the combined treatment group,1 case(2 affected knees)in the medication package group and 2 cases(3 affected knees)in the fiveknee-point group.VAS scores after treatment were all lower than those before treatment in the three groups and the scores of Lysholm knee scale were all higher than those before treatment,indicating the significant differences(all P<0.05).The total effective rate was 98.1%(53/54)in the combined treatment group,which was higher than 86.7%(52/60)in the medication package group and 92.6%(50/54)in the five-knee-point group,indicating the significant differences(all P<0.05).After treatment,VAS score(2.24±1.24)in the combined medication group was lower than(2.48±1.08)in the medication package group and(2.63 ± 1.44)in the five-knee-point group,presenting the significant difference(all P<0.05).The score of Lysholm knee scale was(60.50±13.76)in the combined medication group,higher than(52.23±11.65)in the medication package group and(52.14±11.77)in the five-knee-point group,indicting the significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the simple application of Chinese medication package warm compress therapy of Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction or the five-knee-point acupuncture therapy,five-knee-point acupuncture combined with Shēntòng Zhúyū Decoction relieves the clinical symptoms of KOA patients more effectively and achieves a better clinical therapeutic effect.
基金Modern Projects of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, No.08DZ1973200Research Projects of Shanghai Bureau of Public Health,No.2006Q004L
文摘BACKGROUND： Varying degrees of inflammatory responses occur during lumbar nerve root compression. Studies have shown that nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） are involved in secondary disc inflammation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of warm acupuncture on the ultrastructure of inflammatory mediators in a rat model of lumbar nerve root compression, including NOS and CGRP contents. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled study, with molecular biological analysis, was performed at the Experimental Center, Sixth People＇s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, between September 2006 and April 2007. MATERIALS： Acupuncture needles and refined Moxa grains were purchased from Shanghai Taicheng Technology Development Co., Ltd., China; Mobic tablets were purchased from Shanghai Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., China; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kits for NOS and CGRP were purchased from ADL Biotechnology, Inc., USA. METHODS： A total of 50, healthy, adult Sprague-Dawley rats, were randomly divided into five groups normal, model, warm acupuncture, acupuncture, and drug, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the four groups, excluding the normal group, were used to establish models of lumbar nerve root compression. After 3 days, Jiaji points were set using reinforcing-reducing manipulation in the warm acupuncture group. Moxa grains were burned on each needle, with 2 grains each daily. The acupuncture group was the same as the warm acupuncture group, with the exception of non-moxibustion. Mobic suspension （3.75 mg/kg） was used in the oral drug group, once a day. Treatment of each group lasted for 14 consecutive days. Modeling and medication were not performed in the normal group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The ultrastructure of damaged nerve roots was observed with transmission electron microscopy; NOS and CGRP contents were measured using ELISA. RESULTS： The changes of the radicular ultramicrostructure were characterized by Wallerian degeneration; nerve fibers were clearly demyelinated; axons collapsed or degenerated; outer Schwann cell cytoplasm was swollen and its nucleus was compacted. Compared with the normal group, NOS and CGRP contents in the nerve root compression zone in the model group were significantly increased （P 〈 0.01）. Nerve root edema was improved in the drug, acupuncture and the warm acupuncture groups over the model group. NOS and CGRP expressions were also decreased with the warm acupuncture group having the lowest concentration （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： In comparison to the known effects of Mobic drug and acupuncture treatments, the warm acupuncture significantly decreased NOS and CGRP expression which helped improve the ultrastructure of the compressed nerve root.
文摘目的:研究氢分子联合热敷在敏感性皮肤修复中的应用效果。方法:将2021年11月-2022年1月120例面部敏感性皮肤志愿者随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组仅用氢睐~?光感修护面膜,实验组使用氢睐^(■)光感修护面膜和富氢热敷贴组合。使用前和使用第28天,采用VISIA皮肤图像分析仪对两组志愿者进行检测并进行安全性和满意度评价,并检测两组角质层含水量和皮肤经皮失水量(Trans epidermal water loss,TEWL)。结果:联合使用28 d后,实验组VISIA紫外线色斑、红色区分值及角质层含水量、TEWL均较使用前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组志愿者均未出现皮肤不良反应,且两组使用满意率均≥80%。结论:氢分子结合热敷对敏感性皮肤屏障的修复功效明显,值得临床推广使用。
文摘目的:系统评价会阴热敷在第二产程中的应用效果。方法:在Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中检索会阴热敷相关文献,检索时限为建库至2023年9月6日。2位研究者通过文献筛选、文献质量评价后进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入12篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,会阴热敷能缓解第二产程会阴疼痛[OR=1.04,95%CI(0.88,1.21),P<0.0001]、减轻产后首日会阴疼痛率[OR=0.31,95%CI(0.22,0.42),P<0.0001]、缓解产后会阴肿胀程度[OR=0.46,95%CI(0.36,0.59),P<0.0001];会阴热敷能增加会阴完整率[RR=2.49,95%CI(1.94,3.20),P<0.00001]、降低Ⅲ、Ⅳ度会阴损伤率[RR=0.40,95%CI(0.23,0.68),P=0.0007];降低会阴侧切率[RR=0.59,95%CI(0.51,0.69),P<0.00001];但试验组第二产程时长[MD=-1.26,95%CI(-2.94,0.41),P=0.14]及产后第2天会阴疼痛程度[MD=0.13,95%CI(-0.98,1.25),P=0.82]与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:现有证据表明,会阴热敷可降低会阴损伤严重程度、会阴侧切率、产后会阴肿胀程度、第二产程时长及产后首日的会阴疼痛程度,提示临床护理干预中可在第二产程根据孕妇实际情况给予会阴热敷,缓解疼痛及改善分娩相关结局指标。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91641203, 51476114, and 91741119)he National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0103400).
文摘Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is one of the most promising combustion concepts to maintain low pollutant emissions and high efficiency. However, low load combustion stability and firing in cold-start operations are two major challenges for GCI combustion. Strategies including negative valve overlap (NVO), advanced injection strategies, fuel reforming, and intake preheating have been proposed in order to solve these difficulties;however, the cold start is still an obstacle. The objective of this work is to study effective methods to achieve GCI engine cold start-up. This work combines NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating to achieve quick firing under cold-start conditions and the subsequent warmup conditions. The results show that start of injection (SOI) during the intake stroke yields the best fuel economy, and injection during the compression stroke has the potential to extend the low load limit. Furthermore, SOI during the NVO period grants the ability to operate under engine conditions with cold intake air and coolant. With highly reactive products made by in-cylinder fuel reforming and fast heat accumulation in the combustion chamber, the NVO injection strategy is highly appropriate for GCI firing. An additional assisted technical method, such as intake preheating, is required to ignite the first firing cycle for a cold-start process. With the combination of NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating, the GCI engine successfully started within five combustion cycles in the experiment. After the firing process, the engine could stably operate without further intake preheating;thus, this method is appropriate for engine cold-start and warm-up.
