OBJECTIVE: To investigate on the cytotoxicity and penetration enhancement effect of essential oils(EOs) from warming the interior medicinals(WIM)from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).METHODS: EOs were extracted from ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate on the cytotoxicity and penetration enhancement effect of essential oils(EOs) from warming the interior medicinals(WIM)from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).METHODS: EOs were extracted from WIM of Bichengqie(Litseae Fructus), Dingxiang(Flos Syzygii Aromatici), Huajiao(Pericorpium Zanthoxyli Bungeani), and Xiaohuixiang(Fructus Foeniculi) with warm nature, and Ganjiang(Rhizoma Zingiberis),Gaoliangjiang(Rhizoma Alpinioe Officinari), Rougui(Cortex Cinnamomi Cassioe), and Wuzhuyu(Fructus Evodiae Rutoecorpae) with hot nature; respectively.Their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The cytotoxicity of the extracted eight EOs on HaCaT cells was measured and compared. Moreover, analyses of cell cycle and cell apoptosis were performed to investigate the cytotoxic mechanism.The transdermal penetration enhancement effects of the extracted eight EOs on ibuprofen were further compared by the modified Franz diffusion cell method.RESULTS: The most abundant constituents in the extracted eight EOs were determined to be monoterpenes, especially oxygen containing monoterpenes.The HaCaT cell cytotoxicity of EOs from WIM with hot nature were significantly(P = 0.020) higher than that with warm nature. Both ginger oil and zanthoxylum oil significantly induced G0/G1 phase arrestment in HaCaT cell cycle. For ginger oil from WIM with hot nature and zanthoxylum oil from WIM with warm nature, the main mechanisms of the cytotoxicity were found to be the induction of cellular necrosis and the cellular apoptosis, respectively. Furthermore, most of the tested EOs showed remarkable penetration enhancement activity on ibuprofen. However, no statistical significance(P =0.18) was found between penetration enhancement activity of EOs from WIM with warm nature and EOs from WIM with hot nature.CONCLUSION: With the enhanced penetration activity, the extracted EOs from the WIM demonstrated their significant effect of the cytotoxicity on the skin cells.展开更多
本文在全球气候变化的背景下,利用开顶式生长室(OTC,open top chamber)于2011与2012年进行模拟增温,同时实施降水量增加的处理,研究增温与增水处理及其交互作用对内蒙古典型草原优势植物克氏针茅光合作用的影响。于2012年生长季使用Li-6...本文在全球气候变化的背景下,利用开顶式生长室(OTC,open top chamber)于2011与2012年进行模拟增温,同时实施降水量增加的处理,研究增温与增水处理及其交互作用对内蒙古典型草原优势植物克氏针茅光合作用的影响。于2012年生长季使用Li-6400对克氏针茅叶片的各光合作用特征参数进行测量。结果表明,增温明显降低克氏针茅的叶片光合速率(Pn)与气孔导度(Gs),并存在明显季节变化趋势。在7月与9月增温分别使Pn降低17%和27%,使Gs分别降低24%和32%。同时增温降低克氏针茅蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素含量、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸(RuBP)羧化的最大速率(Vcmax)、RuBP再生能力的最大速率(Jmax)、表观量子效率(AQE)与最大光合速率(Pnmax),但使水分利用效率(WUE)增加16.5%。降水增加对高温条件下的光合作用具有补偿效应。降水增加促进了克氏针茅的Pn、Gs、Tr、叶绿素含量、Vcmax、Jmax、AQE与Pnmax,但对WUE影响不明显。温度水分对克氏针茅光合作用与WUE的影响,是由气孔开合与非气孔因素共同引起的。增温与增水条件下克氏针茅气孔导度在光合速率与蒸腾速率间存在权衡。温度与降水增加显著影响克氏针茅叶片各光合特性参数,但二者交互作用对植物光合作用无显著影响。展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Project of Jiangsu Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZX2016D,High Bioavailability Transdermal Preparation of Chinese Medicine Based on Characterization and Construction of Component Biopharmaceutics)Key Project of Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization(No.ZDXMHT-1-15,Prediction Model of Transdermal Absorption and Demonstrative Application for Complex Components System of Traditional Chinese Medicine)+1 种基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81403116,Preparation and Mechanism Research of Effective Part of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Containing Complex Phospholipid Transfersomes with Thermosensitive and High Deformability)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate on the cytotoxicity and penetration enhancement effect of essential oils(EOs) from warming the interior medicinals(WIM)from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).METHODS: EOs were extracted from WIM of Bichengqie(Litseae Fructus), Dingxiang(Flos Syzygii Aromatici), Huajiao(Pericorpium Zanthoxyli Bungeani), and Xiaohuixiang(Fructus Foeniculi) with warm nature, and Ganjiang(Rhizoma Zingiberis),Gaoliangjiang(Rhizoma Alpinioe Officinari), Rougui(Cortex Cinnamomi Cassioe), and Wuzhuyu(Fructus Evodiae Rutoecorpae) with hot nature; respectively.Their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The cytotoxicity of the extracted eight EOs on HaCaT cells was measured and compared. Moreover, analyses of cell cycle and cell apoptosis were performed to investigate the cytotoxic mechanism.The transdermal penetration enhancement effects of the extracted eight EOs on ibuprofen were further compared by the modified Franz diffusion cell method.RESULTS: The most abundant constituents in the extracted eight EOs were determined to be monoterpenes, especially oxygen containing monoterpenes.The HaCaT cell cytotoxicity of EOs from WIM with hot nature were significantly(P = 0.020) higher than that with warm nature. Both ginger oil and zanthoxylum oil significantly induced G0/G1 phase arrestment in HaCaT cell cycle. For ginger oil from WIM with hot nature and zanthoxylum oil from WIM with warm nature, the main mechanisms of the cytotoxicity were found to be the induction of cellular necrosis and the cellular apoptosis, respectively. Furthermore, most of the tested EOs showed remarkable penetration enhancement activity on ibuprofen. However, no statistical significance(P =0.18) was found between penetration enhancement activity of EOs from WIM with warm nature and EOs from WIM with hot nature.CONCLUSION: With the enhanced penetration activity, the extracted EOs from the WIM demonstrated their significant effect of the cytotoxicity on the skin cells.
文摘本文在全球气候变化的背景下,利用开顶式生长室(OTC,open top chamber)于2011与2012年进行模拟增温,同时实施降水量增加的处理,研究增温与增水处理及其交互作用对内蒙古典型草原优势植物克氏针茅光合作用的影响。于2012年生长季使用Li-6400对克氏针茅叶片的各光合作用特征参数进行测量。结果表明,增温明显降低克氏针茅的叶片光合速率(Pn)与气孔导度(Gs),并存在明显季节变化趋势。在7月与9月增温分别使Pn降低17%和27%,使Gs分别降低24%和32%。同时增温降低克氏针茅蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素含量、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸(RuBP)羧化的最大速率(Vcmax)、RuBP再生能力的最大速率(Jmax)、表观量子效率(AQE)与最大光合速率(Pnmax),但使水分利用效率(WUE)增加16.5%。降水增加对高温条件下的光合作用具有补偿效应。降水增加促进了克氏针茅的Pn、Gs、Tr、叶绿素含量、Vcmax、Jmax、AQE与Pnmax,但对WUE影响不明显。温度水分对克氏针茅光合作用与WUE的影响,是由气孔开合与非气孔因素共同引起的。增温与增水条件下克氏针茅气孔导度在光合速率与蒸腾速率间存在权衡。温度与降水增加显著影响克氏针茅叶片各光合特性参数,但二者交互作用对植物光合作用无显著影响。
