Partition of GB-InSAR deformation map based on dynamic time warping and k-means

Ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar(GB-InSAR)can take deformation measurement with a high accuracy.Partition of the GB-InSAR deformation map benefits analyzing the deformation state of the monitoring scene better.Existing partition methods rely on labelled datasets or single deformation feature,and they cannot be effectively utilized in GBInSAR applications.This paper proposes an improved partition method of the GB-InSAR deformation map based on dynamic time warping(DTW)and k-means.The DTW similarities between a reference point and all the measurement points are calculated based on their time-series deformations.Then the DTW similarity and cumulative deformation are taken as two partition features.With the k-means algorithm and the score based on multi evaluation indexes,a deformation map can be partitioned into an appropriate number of classes.Experimental datasets of West Copper Mine are processed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,whose measurement points are divided into seven classes with a score of 0.3151.

Cross-sectional warping and precision of the first-order shear deformation theory for vibrations of transversely functionally graded curved beams

The warping may become an important factor for the precise transverse vibrations of curved beams.Thus,the first aim of this study is to specify the structural design parameters where the influence of cross-sectional warping becomes great and the first-order shear deformation theory lacks the precision necessary.The outof-plane vibrations of the first-order shear deformation theory are compared with the warping-included vibrations as the curvature and/or thickness increase for symmetric and asymmetric transversely-functionally graded(TFG)curved beams.The second aim is to determine the influence of design parameters on the vibrations.The circular/exact elliptical beams are formed via curved mixed finite elements(MFEs)based on the exact curvature and length.The stress-free conditions are satisfied on three-dimensional(3D)constitutive equations.The variation of functionally graded(FG)material constituents is considered based on the power-law dependence.The cross-sectional warping deformations are defined over a displacement-type FE formulation.The warping-included MFEs(W-MFEs)provide satisfactory 3D structural characteristics with smaller degrees of freedom(DOFs)compared with the brick FEs.The Newmark method is used for the forced vibrations.

Human Mouth-State Recognition Based on Image Warping and Sparse Representation Combined with Homotopy

It is often necessary to recognize human mouth-states for detecting the number of audio sources and improving the speech recognition capability of an intelligent robot auditory system. A human mouth-state recognition method based on image warping and sparse representation( SR) combined with homotopy is proposed.Using properly warped training mouth-state images as atoms of the overcomplete dictionary overcomes the impact of the diversity of the mouths' scales,shapes and positions so that further improvement of the robustness can be achieved and the requirement for a large number of training samples can be relieved. The homotopy method is employed to compute the expansion coefficients effectively,i. e.,for sparse coding. The orthogonal matching pursuit( OMP) is also tested and compared with the homototy method. Experimental results and comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods have proved the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

SOLUTION OF GENERALIZED COORDINATE FOR WARPING FOR NATURALLY CURVED AND TWISTED BEAMS

A theoretical method for static analysis of naturally curved and twisted beams under complicated loads was presented, with special attention devoted to the solving process of governing equations which take into account the effects of torsion-related warping as well as transverse shear deformations. These governing equations, in special cases, can be readily solved and yield the solutions to the problem. The solutions can be used for the analysis of the beams, including the calculation of various internal forces, stresses, strains and displacements. The present theory will be used to investigate the stresses and displacements of a plane curved beam subjected to the action of horizontal and vertical distributed loads. The numerical results obtained by the present theory are found to be in very good agreement with the results of the FEM results. Besides, the present theory is not limited to the beams with a double symmetric cross-section, it can also be extended to those with arbitrary cross-sectional shape.

THE ANALYSIS OF THIN WALLED COMPOSITE LAMINATED HELICOPTER ROTOR WITH HIERARCHICAL WARPING FUNCTIONS AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

In the present paper, a series of hierarchical warping functions is developed to analyze the static and dynamic problems of thin walled composite laminated helicopter rotors composed of several layers with single closed cell. This method is the development and extension of the traditional constrained warping theory of thin walled metallic beams, which had been proved very successful since 1940s. The warping distribution along the perimeter of each layer is expanded into a series of successively corrective warping functions with the traditional warping function caused by free torsion or free beading as the first term, and is assumed to be piecewise linear along the thickness direction of layers. The governing equations are derived based upon the variational principle of minimum potential energy for static analysis and Rayleigh Quotient for free vibration analysis. Then the hierarchical finite element method. is introduced to form a,. numerical algorithm. Both static and natural vibration problems of sample box beams axe analyzed with the present method to show the main mechanical behavior of the thin walled composite laminated helicopter rotor.

Hand Gesture Recognition by Accelerometer-Based Cluster Dynamic Time Warping

Aiming at the diversity of hand gesture traces by different people,the article presents novel method called cluster dynamic time warping( CDTW),which is based on the main axis classification and sample clustering of individuals. This method shows good performance on reducing the complexity of recognition and strong robustness of individuals. Data acquisition is implemented on a triaxial accelerometer with 100 Hz sampling frequency. A database of 2400 traces was created by ten subjects for the system testing and evaluation. The overall accuracy was found to be 98. 84% for user independent gesture recognition and 96. 7% for user dependent gesture recognition,higher than dynamic time warping( DTW),derivative DTW( DDTW) and piecewise DTW( PDTW) methods.Computation cost of CDTW in this project has been reduced 11 520 times compared with DTW.

浅海双深度Warping变换融合无源测距

针对浅海环境中利用单深度接收信号自相关函数的Warping变换方法测距时易出现的多值性问题,提出一种双深度Warping变换融合测距方法。该方法将双深度测量场的Warping变换提取结果与具有深度差异的拷贝场本征函数信息融合,判别简正波干涉项模态,提高测距的准确度。此外,针对实际海洋环境中测量场Warping变换特征峰位置难以准确提取的问题,将Warping变换的频率不变性与图像形态学方法结合以增强特征频率结构,提高后续测距的稳健性。海试数据处理结果显示,测距结果与实际距离符合较好,表明所提方法具有实际可行性。

An indoor fusion navigation algorithm using HV-derivative dynamic time warping and the chicken particle flter

The use of dead reckoning and fngerprint matching for navigation is a widespread technical method.However,fngerprint mismatching and low fusion accuracy are prevalent issues in indoor navigation systems.This work presents an improved dynamic time warping and a chicken particle flter to handle these two challenges.To generate the Horizontal and Vertical(HV)fngerprint,the pitch and roll are employed instead of the original fngerprint intensity to extract the horizontal and vertical components of the magnetic feld fngerprint.Derivative dynamic time warping employs the HV fngerprint in its derivative form,which receives higher-level features because of the consideration of fngerprint shape information.Chicken Swarm Optimization(CSO)is used to enhance particle weights,which minimizes position error to tackle the particle impoverishment problem for a fusion navigation system.The results of the experiments suggest that the enhanced algorithm can improve indoor navigation accuracy signifcantly.

Numerical Investigation on Residual Stress and Warping of Planar SOFC in Manufacturing

Residual thermal stresses and warping of the anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) were estimated numerically. A 3D finite element (FE) model with viscoelastic constitutive equations was established to calculate the residual stress and warping for the cell. In the fabrication of the cells, some mechanical restriction was employed during the high-temperature treatment followed by a cooling stage in order to prevent the button cell from warping, and then from these specific boundaries and loading conditions, a FE simulation was used to calculate the distribution of the internal stresses in the cell. The results indicate that the concentration of compressive stress appears in the electrolyte layer, and that could cause interfacial micro-cracks or even cohesive failure. Furthermore, from the numerical study, the annealing time (or continuous cooling) is related to the residual stress in the material due to creeping. The compressive stress in the electrolyte layer can be reduced significantly by increasing the cooling time. Therefore, it is possible to optimize the annealing time in order to make the SOFCs flat and have less residual stress, improving the mechanical durability.

Improving Badminton Action Recognition Using Spatio-Temporal Analysis and a Weighted Ensemble Learning Model

Incredible progress has been made in human action recognition(HAR),significantly impacting computer vision applications in sports analytics.However,identifying dynamic and complex movements in sports like badminton remains challenging due to the need for precise recognition accuracy and better management of complex motion patterns.Deep learning techniques like convolutional neural networks(CNNs),long short-term memory(LSTM),and graph convolutional networks(GCNs)improve recognition in large datasets,while the traditional machine learning methods like SVM(support vector machines),RF(random forest),and LR(logistic regression),combined with handcrafted features and ensemble approaches,perform well but struggle with the complexity of fast-paced sports like badminton.We proposed an ensemble learning model combining support vector machines(SVM),logistic regression(LR),random forest(RF),and adaptive boosting(AdaBoost)for badminton action recognition.The data in this study consist of video recordings of badminton stroke techniques,which have been extracted into spatiotemporal data.The three-dimensional distance between each skeleton point and the right hip represents the spatial features.The temporal features are the results of Fast Dynamic Time Warping(FDTW)calculations applied to 15 frames of each video sequence.The weighted ensemble model employs soft voting classifiers from SVM,LR,RF,and AdaBoost to enhance the accuracy of badminton action recognition.The E2 ensemble model,which combines SVM,LR,and AdaBoost,achieves the highest accuracy of 95.38%.

Time-Lapse Full-Waveform Inversion Using Cross-Correlation-Based Dynamic Time Warping

Offshore carbon capture, utilization, and storage(OCCUS) is regarded as a crucial technology for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.Quantitative monitoring maps of sealed carbon dioxide are necessary in a comprehensive OCCUS project. A potential high-resolution method for the aforementioned purpose lies in the full-waveform inversion(FWI) of time-lapse seismic data. However, practical applications of FWI are severely restricted by the well-known cycle-skipping problem. A new time-lapse FWI method using cross-correlation-based dynamic time warping(CDTW) is proposed to detect changes in the subsurface property due to carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) injection and address the aforementioned issue. The proposed method, namely CDTW, which combines the advantages of cross-correlation and dynamic time warping, is employed in the automatic estimation of the discrepancy between the seismic signals simulated using the baseline/initial model and those acquired. The proposed FWI method can then back-project the estimated discrepancy to the subsurface space domain, thereby facilitating retrieval of the induced subsurface property change by taking the difference between the inverted baseline and monitor models. Numerical results on pairs of signals prove that CDTW can obtain reliable shifts under amplitude modulation and noise contamination conditions. The performance of CDTW substantially outperforms that of the conventional dynamic time warping method. The proposed time-lapse fullwaveform inversion(FWI) method is applied to the Frio-2 CO_(2) storage model. The baseline and monitor models are inverted from the corresponding time-lapse seismic data. The changes in velocity due to CO_(2) injection are reconstructed by the difference between the baseline and the monitor models.

Changzhou Hongda:The first internationally advanced full-width scanning and warping technology

Based on artificial intelligence technology,HawkVision intelligent image pattern/weft straightening machine of Changzhou Hongda Wisdom Technology Co.,Ltd.pioneered the internationally advanced"fullwidth scanning warping and weft straightening technology",which completely solved the problems of textile pattern deformation,weft skew and weft bending that cannot be corrected and recognized by photoelectric weft straightening.

Multiverse/Hyperverse Models: (4 + 1)-Dimensional Landscape (Black Saturns, Bousso-Hawking Nucleation, Gogberashvili Multiverses, Schwarzschild-De Sitter Nurseries) and a (3 + 1)-Dimensional Model for Dark Energy

We consider the Hyperverse as a collection of multiverses in a (4 + 1)-dimensional spacetime with gravitational constant G. Multiverses in our model are bouquets of thin shells (with synchronized intrinsic times). If gis the gravitational constant of a shell Sand εits thickness, then G~εg. The physical universe is supposed to be one of those thin shells inside the local bouquet called Local Multiverse. Other remarkable objects of the Hyperverse are supposed to be black holes, black lenses, black rings and (generalized) Black Saturns. In addition, Schwarzschild-de Sitter multiversal nurseries can be hidden inside those Black Saturns, leading to their Bousso-Hawking nucleation. It also suggests that black holes in our physical universe might harbor embedded (2 + 1)-dimensional multiverses. This is compatible with outstanding ideas and results of Bekenstein, Hawking-Vaz and Corda about “black holes as atoms” and the condensation of matter on “apparent horizons”. It allows us to formulate conjecture 12.1 about the origin of the Local Multiverse. As an alternative model, we examine spacetime warping of our universe by external universes. It gives data for the accelerated expansion and the cosmological constant Λ, which are in agreement with observation, thus opening a possibility for verification of the multiverse model.

The Effects of the Longitudinal Axis of Loading upon Bending, Shear and Torsion of a Thin-Walled Cantilever Channel Beam

Three aluminium channel sections of US standard extruded dimension are mounted as cantilevers with x-axis symmetry. The flexural bending and shear that arise with applied axial torsion are each considered theoretically and numerically in terms of two longitudinal axes of loading not coincident with the shear centre. In particular, the warping displacements, stiffness and stress distributions are calculated for torsion applied to longitudinal axes passing through the section’s centroid and its web centre. The stress conversions derived from each action are superimposed to reveal a net sectional stress distribution. Therein, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is established compared to previous results for each beam when loading is referred to a flexural axis through the shear centre. Within the net stress analysis is, it is shown how the constraint to free warping presented by the end fixing modifies the axial stress. The latter can be identified with the action of a ‘bimoment’ upon each thin-walled section.

Theory of Flexural Shear, Bending and Torsion for a Thin-Walled Beam of Open Section

Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist implies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three aluminium alloy extruded channel sections mounted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of symmetry. Bending and shear are considered more generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second moments of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever modifies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacement. It is shown from the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be mentioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from axial torsional loading is identified with the sum of axial stress due to bending and axial stress arising from constrained warping displacements at the fixing. The net shear stress distribution overlays the distributions from axial torsion and that from flexural shear under transverse loading. Both arise when transverse forces are displaced from the shear centre.

一种基于warping变换的浅海脉冲声源被动测距方法

针对浅海波导中脉冲声源被动测距问题,提出了一种利用接收信号的能量密度函数进行warping变换的声源被动测距方法.对于浅海波导,接收信号的能量密度函数中不同号简正波相干部分,经warping变换后输出结果的频谱中包含与声源和接收器位置无关的不变性频率特征.这些特征频率在数值上等于理想波导中相干的两号简正波的截止频率差,与海底参数无关,因此仅需已知海水中的平均声速和海水深度便可计算出特征频率值.当声源距离未知时,利用特征频率的提取值与真实特征频率之间的关系可以实现快速测距,极大地提高了计算速度.为了验证方法的有效性,对2011年11月黄海海域水声实验的接收脉冲数据进行了处理,测距结果与实测距离符合良好,平均测距误差在8%以内.

一种基于双引导声源和warping变换的拷贝声场计算方法

提出了在均匀浅海环境中只知道少量环境参数的情况下，利用不同距离上的两枚引导声源和warping变换的拷贝声场计算方法。这种方法主要基于简正波估计技术，从声场衰减信息和相位信息两个方向来重构拷贝声场，从而与目标声场匹配进行定位。其优点在于能避免传统的匹配场定位技术中拷贝场计算时对环境模型和环境参数的依赖。在简正波估计技术中采用warping变换的处理方式，数值仿真主要采用线性Bartlett匹配处理器分析了目标定位效果，在信噪比高于10-15dB的情况下，定位效果良好。

基于平面的Warping技术

提出了一种基于平面的逆向Warping算法,用于根据多幅参考图像生成任意视点下的新图像.首先通过参考图像的深度信息来重建三维平面,然后寻找这些重建平面间的对应关系,并比较它们对空间平面同一部分的采样密度,以获得最好的采样结果.在生成新视点图像时,首先对那些采样密度最好的重建平面进行可见性判断,然后将其投影到新视点下,在此基础上求得目标图像上各点的深度,最后将目标图像上的点逆向Warping到相应的参考图像中,以获取它们的颜色值.同时,对于参考图像中不能被重建成平面的像素点,用正向Warping的方法对其进行处理.实验数据显示,此算法的时间效率不会随着参考图像的增加而急剧下降,并且由于只保存了参考图像中采样密度最好的重建平面,所以算法对存储量的要求也很小.

基于图像Warping的空洞填补方法

1 引言 Warping是一种基于图像的绘制方法(Image-Based Rendering,IBR).IBR是近几年来出现的一种新的真实感绘制方法,受到了计算机图形学界研究人员的普遍关注.IBR是通过一组预先获得的图像,根据不同的视点,来产生新的场景画面.与传统的绘制技术相比,IBR具有不需要建立三维模型,图形绘制独立于场景复杂度,既可以使用计算机生成的图像,也可以用实拍的相片,对工作平台的要求较低等优点.

波导不变量误差对频域β-warping变换及浅海被动测距的影响

频域β-warping变换可将接收信号自相关函数中简正波互相关部分,变为时域上时延随声源距离线性增大的脉冲序列。对信号自相关函数进行β-warping变换需要已知波导不变量值。但是,在实际应用中,很难获得波导不变量的准确值。研究表明,在事先获得粗略的水体声速剖面参数的情况下,如果估计得到的波导不变量为其真实值的q倍,那么频域β-warping变换后得到的脉冲时延也会变为波导不变量取真实值时的q倍。进一步研究表明,在水平不变浅海波导中采用频域β-warping变换进行被动测距时,通过设置一个已知距离的引导声源,那么即使估计得到的波导不变量存在一定误差,实际测距结果仍与真实距离符合得较好。