Objective: To determine the wash resistance of Olyset~? Plus using World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme standard washing procedure and to assess the value of knock down and mortality rates of Anophele...Objective: To determine the wash resistance of Olyset~? Plus using World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme standard washing procedure and to assess the value of knock down and mortality rates of Anopheles stephensi at different regimens of long lasting insecticide treated nets washings.Methods: The study was conducted at the Bioassay Laboratory of Culicidae Insectary,School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The net was made of polyester impregnated with permethrin and piperonyl butoxide at a ratio of 2:1. The washing resistance was assessed using Le Chat?soap and a shaker incubator set at a speed of 155 r/min, 30℃ for 10 min. The cone bioassay test was carried out according to World Health Organization recommended guideline with tolerant field strain of female Anopheles stephensi to pyrethroids.Results: The knockdown and mortality rates of female mosquitoes exposed to Olyset~? Plus from un-washed nets to 2 washings were 79.7% and 88.8% respectively. Mortality was dropped to zero while active ingredient estimated 0.532 mg/100 cm^2 to 0.481 mg/100 cm^2 after 15 washings. A positive correlation was seen between residues of permethrin on nets, knockdown rate and mortality rate of female Anopheles stephensi exposed to different regimes of washed Olyset~? Plus(r = 0.954, P = 0.001).Conclusions: It is recommended that a preliminary survey conducted on resistance level of Anopheles vectors before the distribution of Olyset~? Plus in malaria endemic communities.展开更多
Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a significant and growing threat to human health.A recent United Nations General Assembly declaration highlights that those in need must have sustained access to effective treatments.In...Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a significant and growing threat to human health.A recent United Nations General Assembly declaration highlights that those in need must have sustained access to effective treatments.In the absence of a reliable supply of new drugs,pressure on existing drugs can be reduced by minimising demand.Routes to reducing demand include:promotion of WASH(access to clean water,sanitation and hygiene)and Universal Health Coverage(UHC);improved infection control in health care settings;and continued efforts to curtail drug use in agriculture.This is a One Health strategy,requiring coordinated action across the human,livestock and environmental sectors.展开更多
Durable superomniphobic surfaces are desirable for their practical applications,including selfcleaning,non-fouling,protective clothing and the separation of liquids.The plasma-induced polymerization of environmentally...Durable superomniphobic surfaces are desirable for their practical applications,including selfcleaning,non-fouling,protective clothing and the separation of liquids.The plasma-induced polymerization of environmentally friendly C6 from a perfluoralkyl methlacrylate copolymer emulsion,AG-E081,was performed and a durable omniphobic fabric was achieved.C6 is an ecological alternative to C8(eight CF2 groups)fluorinated compounds,and it was thereafter successfully incorporated into aramid fabric to achieve a durable superomniphobic surface.The fabric became water and oil repellent with an extremely high water contact angle of 180°.As tested by the water spray AATCC test and hydrocarbon resistance test,the as-prepared fabric gained 100°(ISO 5)and grade number 4 respectively.Furthermore,the fabrics also showed significantly improved washing durability after ten washing cycles.By scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)tests,it is indicated that the durable superomniphobicity can be attributed to the roughness and activation of the aramid surface by the plasma pre-treatment,which induces more adsorption and chemical graft of the C6 copolymer.展开更多
Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a significant and growing threat to human health.A recent United Nations General Assembly declaration highlights that those in need must have sustained access to effective treatments.In...Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a significant and growing threat to human health.A recent United Nations General Assembly declaration highlights that those in need must have sustained access to effective treatments.In the absence of a reliable supply of new drugs,pressure on existing drugs can be reduced by minimising demand.Routes to reducing demand include:promotion of WASH(access to clean water,sanitation and hygiene)and Universal Health Coverage(UHC);improved infection control in health care settings;and continued efforts to curtail drug use in agriculture.This is a One Health strategy,requiring coordinated action across the human,livestock and environmental sectors.展开更多
基金part of a MSc dissertation fundedsupported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences(Grant no.9211263017)
文摘Objective: To determine the wash resistance of Olyset~? Plus using World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme standard washing procedure and to assess the value of knock down and mortality rates of Anopheles stephensi at different regimens of long lasting insecticide treated nets washings.Methods: The study was conducted at the Bioassay Laboratory of Culicidae Insectary,School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The net was made of polyester impregnated with permethrin and piperonyl butoxide at a ratio of 2:1. The washing resistance was assessed using Le Chat?soap and a shaker incubator set at a speed of 155 r/min, 30℃ for 10 min. The cone bioassay test was carried out according to World Health Organization recommended guideline with tolerant field strain of female Anopheles stephensi to pyrethroids.Results: The knockdown and mortality rates of female mosquitoes exposed to Olyset~? Plus from un-washed nets to 2 washings were 79.7% and 88.8% respectively. Mortality was dropped to zero while active ingredient estimated 0.532 mg/100 cm^2 to 0.481 mg/100 cm^2 after 15 washings. A positive correlation was seen between residues of permethrin on nets, knockdown rate and mortality rate of female Anopheles stephensi exposed to different regimes of washed Olyset~? Plus(r = 0.954, P = 0.001).Conclusions: It is recommended that a preliminary survey conducted on resistance level of Anopheles vectors before the distribution of Olyset~? Plus in malaria endemic communities.
基金supported by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation(grant number NNF16OC0021856:Global Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance)the European Commission(grant number 874735:VEO).
文摘Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a significant and growing threat to human health.A recent United Nations General Assembly declaration highlights that those in need must have sustained access to effective treatments.In the absence of a reliable supply of new drugs,pressure on existing drugs can be reduced by minimising demand.Routes to reducing demand include:promotion of WASH(access to clean water,sanitation and hygiene)and Universal Health Coverage(UHC);improved infection control in health care settings;and continued efforts to curtail drug use in agriculture.This is a One Health strategy,requiring coordinated action across the human,livestock and environmental sectors.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2232019A3-12National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11375042)。
文摘Durable superomniphobic surfaces are desirable for their practical applications,including selfcleaning,non-fouling,protective clothing and the separation of liquids.The plasma-induced polymerization of environmentally friendly C6 from a perfluoralkyl methlacrylate copolymer emulsion,AG-E081,was performed and a durable omniphobic fabric was achieved.C6 is an ecological alternative to C8(eight CF2 groups)fluorinated compounds,and it was thereafter successfully incorporated into aramid fabric to achieve a durable superomniphobic surface.The fabric became water and oil repellent with an extremely high water contact angle of 180°.As tested by the water spray AATCC test and hydrocarbon resistance test,the as-prepared fabric gained 100°(ISO 5)and grade number 4 respectively.Furthermore,the fabrics also showed significantly improved washing durability after ten washing cycles.By scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)tests,it is indicated that the durable superomniphobicity can be attributed to the roughness and activation of the aramid surface by the plasma pre-treatment,which induces more adsorption and chemical graft of the C6 copolymer.
基金supported by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation(grant number NNF16OC0021856:Global Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance)the European Commission(grant number 874735:VEO).
文摘Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a significant and growing threat to human health.A recent United Nations General Assembly declaration highlights that those in need must have sustained access to effective treatments.In the absence of a reliable supply of new drugs,pressure on existing drugs can be reduced by minimising demand.Routes to reducing demand include:promotion of WASH(access to clean water,sanitation and hygiene)and Universal Health Coverage(UHC);improved infection control in health care settings;and continued efforts to curtail drug use in agriculture.This is a One Health strategy,requiring coordinated action across the human,livestock and environmental sectors.
