Study on Rural Solid Waste Collection and Transportation Mode and Route Optimization Strategy in the Cold Regions of Northern China

Rural vitalization is a major strategy for reform and development of agriculture and rural areas in China,the key task of which is improving rural living environment.Imperfect rural solid waste(RSW)collection and transportation system exacerbates the pollution of RSW to rural living environment,while it has not been established and improved in the cold region of Northern China due to climate and economy.Through the analysis of the current situation of RSW source separation,collection,transportation and disposal in China,an RSW collection and transportation system suitable for the northern cold region was developed.Considering the low winter temperature in the northern cold region,different requirements for RSW collection,transportation and terminal disposal,scattered source points and single terminal disposal nodes in rural areas,the study focused on determining the number and location of transfer stations,established a model for transfer stations selection and RSW collection and transportation routes optimization for RSW collection and transportation system,and proposed the elite retention particle swarm optimization–genetic algorithm(ERPSO–GA).The rural area of Baiquan County was taken as a representative case,the collection and transportation scheme of which was given,and the feasibility of the scheme was clarified by simulation experiment.

Establishment and application of performance evaluation model for collection and transportation system of municipal solid waste

On the basis of analyzing the typical waste collection and transportation mode,the evaluation index system for performance of the waste collection and transportation system was proposed with three grades,which related to six factors,such as economic evaluation,high efficient evaluation,environmental impact assessment,resource evaluation,evaluation of security and emergency,evaluation of management and society. With the performance evaluation theory,the performance evaluation model of waste collection and transportation system was constructed,which quantified the grading standard of index and determined the index weight in analytic hierarchy process (AHP). After evaluating the waste collection and transportation system of the main districts of Chongqing city,the results show that the it has an excellent performance evaluation grade with very high performance level of three indices involving evaluation of management and society,environmental impact assessment,evaluation of security and emergency and quite low performance level of two indices that include high efficient evaluation and economic evaluation.

Robust Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Transportation with Uncertain Waste Output: A Case Study

Garbage collection is an important issue in urban environmental management.With the increased awareness of urban residents regarding safety,environmental protection,and health in recent years,it is necessary to logically organize municipal solid waste collection and transportation routes while also considering economic and social benefits.This article focuses on the optimization of the waste transportation routes of garbage trucks.With the objective of minimizing transportation costs and maximizing resident satisfaction,we establish a robust optimization model for the multi-trip collection and transportation of municipal solid waste in an uncertain environment.Resident satisfaction is defined as the penalty cost against a time window constraint.The Bertsimas robust optimization method is applied to characterize the uncertainty,and the decision-making scheme of the receiving route is used to adapt to waste volume changes.We conduct a case study based on real-world data for municipal solid waste collection and transportation in the Dongcheng District of Beijing,China.The solution is validated using the CPLEX program,and the validity of the model is verified.In addition,a sensitivity analysis of related parameters is conducted to study the impacts of variations in work hour limits and time windows on the total cost and service levels,as well as their relationships with the level of robustness.This could help decision-makers make reasonable choices based on actual conditions and to balance reductions in total cost with service level improvements.

Current Status of Sludge Collection, Transportation and Treatment in Ho Chi Minh City

In the process of construction and development, Ho Chi Minh City is discharging about six types of sludge: 1) sludge from urban wastewater drainage systems;2) sludge from industrial wastewater drainage system;3) sludge from the canal dredging activities periodically;4) sludge from septic tanks;5) sludge from the water treatment station/plant;6) sludge from the construction sites. Sludge’s components are very different among types of sludge, sludge from the sewer network and canal dredging contain mainly sand and soil (70% - 90% dry weight), while the sludge from the wastewater/water treatment station/plant and from septic tanks contain mainly biodegradable organic substances (55% - 80% dry weight). The concentrations of all above-mentioned sludge (except sludge from the hazardous industrial wastewater treatment plant) are lower than toxic threshold. The volume of total sludge is about 3000 - 4000 m3/day (5000 - 6000 tons/day), excepting the amount of sludge generated from the water treatment plant (which is collected and treated separately). Sludge from wastewater treatment plants and septic tanks is collected, transported and recycled to become organic fertilizer. The other types of sludge are collected, transported, and disposed at the “unknown” locations, even though they have different values for use.

Appropriate solid waste management system in Quelimane (Mozambique):study and design of a small-scale center for plastic sorting with wastewater treatment

Appropriate solid waste management(SWM)strategies are necessary to avoid severe environmental and sanitary impacts,especially in low-income countries.Such strategies are most likely to succeed whether implementing actors are supported by scientific research.In this paper,the results of a collaboration between local authorities and researchers are presented and discussed that are the assessment of waste generation in the city of Quelimane(Mozambique),integrating existing and field-collected data and the design of a small-scale center for plastic sorting to complement the SWM system of the city.The center is expected to receive about 0.3-0.4 t/day of plastic waste(5%-7%of the overall amount of plastic waste daily produced in Quelimane).As long-term sustainability represents a typical issue,simplicity of operation was a leading principle in the design of the center;moreover,the design included a treatment plant(WWTP)for generated wastewater,whose management is usually neglected in such interventions.Among others,natural wastewater treatment(constructed wetlands)has been chosen for its affordability.Noteworthy,the so-conceived WWTP appears as a novelty in the scientific literature associated with small-scale plastic sorting plants.The system is designed to treat an average flow of 6 m3/day and consisted of a septic tank followed by a subsurface flow constructed wetland.Overall,the COD(chemical oxygen demand)and TSS(total suspended solids)removal higher than 80%and 90%were estimated,respectively.Based on this work,both the center and the WWTP were successfully realized,which are waiting to become operational.In the authors’opinion,the implemented procedure could become a reference for broader investigations and surveys.

Analysis of Health Workers’ Perceptions on Medical Waste Management in Tanzanian Hospitals

This paper presents the perceptions of health workers (HWs) on medical waste management (MWM) issues in Tanzanian hospitals. The perceived total waste generation rates were lower than the actual measurements. Administrators perceived lower rates than implementers. The results indicated three categories of medical waste which are given due attention, that is, sharps waste, pathological and infectious waste. Other wastes like radioactive, chemical, pharmaceutical, pressurized containers receive very little attention. Container colour coding and labelling was negligible, while improvised containers are still in use. Medical waste is transported within hospitals manually, with little efforts on mechanized transportation. Poor waste storage was observed, while the prominent medical waste treatment technologies are medium temperature incinerators. Off-site transportation of medical waste is practiced, where the waste is finally dumped or buried. The hospitals are currently utilizing public-private partnership schemes for MWM in only one aspect of off-site transportation. Three main problems which require high attention include: Weaknesses in hospital management, poor MWM infrastructure, and lack of skills and knowledge on MWM among HWs. Knowledge and awareness among HWs on health hazards associated with poor MWM is low (with exception of cholera, HIV and typhoid). Few PPE types are supplied and used in the hospitals, leading to poor diseases prevention. There is also low knowledge among HWs on administrative issues related to MWM in Tanzanian hospitals.

高校实验室危化品智能专用柜及管理系统设计

通过分析近年来高校实验室安全管理与环保的现状,危化品信息化管理的重要性日益凸显,因此设计了一种适用于高校实验室的危化品智能专用柜及管理系统,其中包括柜体外观及内部结构设计、废弃物收集装置及回收系统设计、智能柜体管理系统的设计。智能管理系统创新性地与实验室安全教育考试系统相连进行严格的身份审核、权限验证,实现了对危化品的分类存储、使用及其废弃物的环保处理等流程的全方位动态管理和实时监测。

生活垃圾收运环节温室气体排放量核算方法研究

科学合理的碳核算方法是支持碳达峰碳中和的关键,生活垃圾分类下收运环节温室气体排放量的系统性核算方法有待完善.为了科学核算分类下生活垃圾收运环节温室气体排放,该研究依据《IPCC 2006年国家温室气体清单指南2019修订版》及《温室气体协议》,开展了生活垃圾收运环节核算范围的确定、温室气体排放源和排放种类的识别及核算模型构建.结果表明:生活垃圾收运环节核算范围包括投放点、暂存点、中转站以及处置点4个核算单元,排放源包括移动源、固定源和工艺/过程排放,移动源为收运车辆用电隐含排放CO_(2)以及燃料燃烧排放的CO_(2)、CH4和N_(2)O,固定源为中转站用能设施隐含排放的CO_(2),工艺/过程排放为收运车辆尾气净化消耗催化剂产生的CO_(2).同时构建了温室气体排放核算模型,对北京市顺义区生活垃圾收运环节碳排放当量进行核算,结果显示分类后的厨余垃圾和其他垃圾收运环节温室气体排放量存在差异,其中单位厨余垃圾温室气体排放量(以CO_(2)当量计)为24.78 kg/t,单位其他垃圾温室气体排放量为18.77 kg/t.研究显示,生活垃圾装/卸载过程是产生温室气体的主要排放源,其排放量均占比在50%以上.该研究对生活垃圾分类下的收运过程,建立了可拆分、可组合、模块化的核算单元,可为我国各城市生活垃圾收运环节温室气体排放量核算提供理论支撑.

垃圾分类背景下县域城乡生活垃圾处理体系建设的实践探索

在垃圾分类的背景下,采取实地考察、采样分析和调查研究等形式,对近年来滕州市城乡生活垃圾处理体系建设的实践探索及工作经验进行研究。分析了当前生活垃圾分类收运体系发展滞后、垃圾末端处置设施存在短板、建筑垃圾资源化利用率整体偏低等问题。同时,结合实际提出全面打造最优垃圾分类收运链条、建设新型环保固废循环经济静脉产业园、探索推行建筑垃圾“一体化”运作等对策和建议。

长沙市餐厨垃圾收运管理系统研究与实践

餐厨垃圾收运是实现其资源化和无害化的关键环节,虽然已经研发很多新型收运系统,但是仍然存在源头数据获取准确率低的问题。针对这个问题,介绍一种基于App的餐厨垃圾收运管理方法,并以长沙市餐厨项目为例,验证该方法的实用性及其在餐厨垃圾全覆盖收运中的重要作用。该方法为餐厨垃圾收运提供了新的管理模式,能够显著提高收运数据获取的准确性,具有广阔的应用前景。

西安市装修垃圾处置现状研究

随着人民生活品质的提高,房屋的翻新、重装与改装需求日益旺盛,装修垃圾产生量持续增长,其滞后的资源化利用及处置体系建设和管控措施严重威胁生态环境、居民健康以及社会经济的可持续发展。在此背景下,本文对西安市装修垃圾的收运处置现状进行实地调研并分析其存在的问题,梳理行业政策、规范标准等,借鉴部分城市的先进经验,为西安市装修垃圾处理处置体系建设提出合理建议。

主动式废油收集系统在高海拔地区的应用

随着环境保护意识的日益增强,废油的妥善处理变得尤为重要。高海拔地区由于其独特的气候和环境特点,为废油处理带来了许多挑战。该文主要探讨主动式废油收集系统的基本原理,以及其在高海拔地区的应用。通过对高海拔地区的气候、环境、交通及基础设施状况进行分析,该文深入研究主动式废油收集系统在此类地区的适用性,并通过实例研究进一步验证其效益。该文的研究不仅为高海拔地区提供一种有效的废油处理方法,同时也对环境保护提供有力的支持。

实验室废液的收集、储存和处理要求分析

实验室废液有着产生源分散、成分复杂、种类繁多等特点,若直接将其排放到城市排水管网体系,不仅会腐蚀管网管道,还易对生态环境造成严重的危害。为解决上述问题,本文先对实验室收集、存储、处理废液要求进行研究,然后分析有机废液、无机废液的处理方法,提出在明确废液种类、污染物含量的基础上,应用合适的废液收集、存储、处理方法,不仅可以实现废液净化、物质回收,还能降低废液造成的污染与破坏,以期为实验室低碳目标实现提供参考。

固废收运企业的环保信息化管理系统设计与应用

为响应“无废城市”建设,提高固废精细化、信息化管理水平,以某一般工业固废收运企业的环保信息化系统建设为例,分析该系统的功能和特点,阐述信息化在固废收运企业环保管理中的有效促进作用。系统实际应用结果表明,信息化能够有效促进固废收运企业的环保管理,显著提升一般固废的资源化利用效率,实现一般固废的集中治理,优化市场服务和营商环境,助力企业绿色转型。

上海市保障医疗废物安全收运处置举措分析

上海市通过加强顶层设计、强化区域统筹、发挥国企力量、创新收运模式、政企联动发力等举措,加大医疗废物收运处置能力建设,破解小型医疗机构医疗废物收运困局,有效应对新冠疫情期间医疗废物应急收运处置挑战,托底上海市医疗废物收运处置,保障了上海市医疗废物收运处置安全。

基于物联网技术的智能水上垃圾处理器的研发与设计

文中针对水上垃圾处理问题,利用物联网技术研发了一种智能水上垃圾处理器。通过对垃圾进行识别和分类,实现了智能化的垃圾处理和收集。通过系统需求分析和设计,提出了智能水上垃圾处理器的功能需求、性能需求、硬件设计、软件设计和网络通信设计。同时,研究了关键技术,包括垃圾识别与分类算法、智能控制与操作系统、垃圾收集与处理机制。通过实验与性能评估,验证了智能水上垃圾处理器的功能和性能。最后,总结了研究工作,提出了进一步优化和发展的展望。

我国村镇生活垃圾处理现状与技术路线探讨

通过实地调研和文献综述,概括了我国村镇生活垃圾的产生与处理现状,重点根据村镇生活垃圾处理成本和技术进展,讨论了我国村镇生活垃圾处理的适用技术路线。目前,我国村镇两级居住社区的人均生活垃圾产生量,分别为0.5~1.0kg·（人·d）-1和0.4~0.9kg·（人·d）-1,产生量与地域经济发展水平正相关;垃圾主要组分为易腐有机垃圾,可回收废品的比例较低。我国的村镇生活垃圾处理水平同样与地域经济水平正相关,发达地区采用的集中式处理模式,有利于终端处理的规模效益和无害化,但运输成本高达总成本的50%左右;而在分类收集的前提下,易腐有机垃圾就地处理可实现减量化、无害化和资源化。基于我国村镇垃圾组成的特点,提出了＂分类分散处理与集中处置结合＂的技术路线,可在村镇就地处理与利用60%~80%的垃圾量,有效削减处理总成本并提高无害化水平。推进村镇生活垃圾处理技术的规范化,推广全过程专业化运营模式,加强垃圾处理过程物流管理等,是促进我国村镇生活垃圾处理规范化发展的关键措施。

北京市城市生活垃圾收运系统研究

对北京市城市生活垃圾收运系统现状进行了全面的分析,对北京城八区生活垃圾收集、分类收集、转运、生活垃圾处理设施和垃圾物流现状进行了分析,同时对北京市城市生活垃圾收运系统进行了分析,指出了北京市城市生活垃圾收运系统存在的主要问题和今后改进的建议及处理处置设施的规划,为北京城市生活垃圾收运系统的建设和完善起到了积极地推动作用。

城市生活垃圾收运管理模式的优化设计

目的探讨适合我国城市生活垃圾现状可行的收运管理模式.方法借鉴国外城市生活垃圾先进收集运输管理经验,通过对常用几种收运模式进行对比分析,模拟出一套能够解决我国城市生活垃圾收集、运输中问题的系统模式.结果城市收集管理模式的优化:生活区实行袋装分类收集,通过建立小型回收房细化垃圾分类;运贮和中转管理模式的优化:提出了生活垃圾分类收集思想,强调收运路线的优化设计,运用先进的信息管理技术,对整个垃圾运贮中转过程进行实时监控,使城市垃圾运贮中转实现机械化收运、信息化管理、高效率运作、大区域服务,真正实现垃圾日产日清.结论适宜我国城区生活垃圾收运与处置的优化模式能为我国未来城市生活垃圾的收运系统的进一步研究和完善起到积极指导作用,实现我国城市生活垃圾收运管理利用最优化.

城市生活垃圾收运系统优化综述

简述了城市生活垃圾收运工作所面临的严峻现状及收运系统的相关影响因素,对城市生活垃圾收运系统中的两个主要优化层面,即收运线路的优化和转运站(处置场)规模、容量、选址的优化,分别从国外和国内两个角度进行详述,总结垃圾收运系统优化的研究成果,进而提出了目前城市生活垃圾收运系统优化中需要进一步研究和改进的地方。