Adsorption of oil from waste water by coal:characteristics and mechanism

The work described here was focused on exploring the potential application of coal to purification of oily waste water.Coal was added to oily waste water as an adsorbent and then removed through a flotation process.This allowed economical and highly efficient separation of oil from the waste water.The absorption time,coal type,coal particle size distribution,pH value and oil concentration were investigated.The results indicate that oil absorption by a coal increases for a period of 1.5 h and then gradually tends toward an equilibrium value.It appears that the absorption capacity of anthracite is more than that of lean coal or lignite,given the same coal particle size distribution.The absorption capacity of a coarse coal fraction is less than that of finer coal,given the same of coal type.The absorption capacity of anthracite decreases slightly as the pH increases from 4 to 9.The adsorption of oil on anthracite follows the Freundlich isothermal adsorption law:given initial oil concentrations of 160.5 or 1023.6 mg/L the absorption capacity was 23.8 or 840.0 mg/g.The absorption mechanism consists of two kinds of absorption,a physical process assisted by a chemical one.

Surfactant-Enhanced Washing of Soils Contaminated with Wasted-Automotive Oils and the Quality of the Produced Wastewater

An old automotive industrial site located at Mexico City with many years of operation and contaminated with heavy oil hydrocarbons, particularly spent oils, was assessed for restoration using the surfactant enhanced soil washing (SESW) process. The main goal of this study was to characterize the contaminated soil in terms of TPHs, BTEX, PAHs, and metals contents as well as microbiologically (total heterotrophs and specific degrading microorganisms). We also aimed to determine the surfactant type and concentration to be used in the SESW process for the automotive waste oil contaminated soil. At the end, sixteen kg of contaminated soil were washed and the produced wastewater (approximately 40 L) was characterized in terms of COD, BOD;solids, and other physico-chemical parameters. The soil contained about 14,000 mg of TPH/kg soil (heavy fraction), 0.13 mg/kg of benzo (k) fluoranthene and 0.07 mg/kg of benzo (a) pyrene as well as traces of some metals. Metals concentrations were always under the maximum concentration levels suggested by Mexican regulations. 15 different surfactants were used to identify the one with the capability to achieve the highest TPH removal. Surfactants included 5 anionics, 2 zwitterionic, 5 nonionics and 3 natural gums. Sulfopon 30 at a concentration of 0.5% offered the best surfactant performance. The TPH removals employing the different surfactants were in the range from 38% to 68%, in comparison to the soil washing with water (10% of TPH removal). Once the surfactant was selected, 70 kg of soil were washed and the resulting water contained approximately 1300 mg/L of COD, 385 mg/L of BOD (BOD/COD = 0.29), 122 mg/L of MBAS, and 212 mg/L of oil and greases, among other contaminants.

Numerical Study of Oil Pollution on Sea Waters

This paper adopted an upstream FEM of 2-D unsteady flow to calculate the tidal flow in Zhoushan sea area. Based on the verification of the tidal current and environmental situation, the effects of the oily waste discharged from the oil berths on water quality have been calculated with a similar method. The isodilutions of oil pollutant are drawn from different sewage discharges. The moving loci of the slick centrepoint of oil spill have been calculated. The spreading area of the oil spill has also been forecasted. The results indicate that the set of models can predict the transport of oil spill in the sea area with reasonable accuracy.

STUDIES ON TUNG OIL COATED REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILMS WITH WATERRESISTANCE

Regenerated cellulose films with water-resistance were obtained by an improved method ofpreparing cellulose cuoxam solution from pulps of agricultural wastes (linters, wheat straw, reedand Bamao). Experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of both the dry. and wetfilms were excellent. Data from IR, SEM and tensile strength measurements implied that thesignificant improvement of water-resistance of the films was due to the cohesion between the thinTung oil covers with hydrophobicity and the regenerated cellulose films. The films werecompletely biodegraded after being buried in soil for 100 days. The transmittance of the filmsderived from linter and reed in visible band range were 80-90%.

Effect of Waste Oil-Cracking Catalyst Incorporation on Durability of Mortars

This paper presents research on transport properties and alkali-silica reaction (ASR) susceptibility of mortars containing a pozzolanic waste generated in the fluid catalytic cracking (wFCC) unit by the Portuguese oil-refinery. For this purpose, two series of mortars were prepared by partially replacing cement with 5%, 10% and 15% of wFCC catalyst. The main difference between the two series of mortars is the sand reactivity used in their composition. The results revealed that wFCC catalyst blended cement mortars exhibit an increased resistance against capillary water absorption and chloride migration, as well as a considerable inhibition effect on deleterious ASR expansion. However, under the adopted experimental conditions the incorporation of wFCC catalyst in mortars decreases their carbonation resistance.

Frying Performance of High Oleic Oil Enriched in Biophenols during Discontinuos and Prolonged Thermal Treatment

Biophenols are potent natural antioxidants that protect food quality by preventing oxidative deterioration of lipids. During heat treatment this protective rule prevents oxidation caused by many factors, as high temperature reached, presence of oxygen and water contained in food matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frying performance of high oleic oil enriched in biophenols, comparing its thermal stability with those of high oleic oil (control sample) during thermo-oxidation and deep fat frying process. Positive effects when biophenols were added to oil were found: lower acidity levels, lower TPC values during the first 16 hours of heat treatment, absence of short chain fatty acids (C8:0) until 24 h of thermo-oxidation treatment and detection of lower acrylamide content in French friesrespect to those fried in the control oil.

In-depth investigation on the factors affecting the performance of high oil-absorption resin by response surface method

A series of high oil-absorption resins with low cross-linking degree were synthesized by suspension polymerization using stearyl methacrylate(SMA),2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate(EHMA),and styrene(St)as monomers.Response surface methodology(RSM)with central composite design(CCD)was also applied to determine the optimal parameters that are mainly known to affect their synthesis.Thus,the effects of the monomer mass ratio(EHMA:SMA),the rigid monomer(St)dosage,the porous agent(acetone)dosage,and their pairwise interaction on the resin's oil-absorption capacity were analyzed,highlighting PSES-R_(2) as the resin with the optimum performance.The pure oil-absorption rates of PSES-R_(2) for gasoline,diesel,and kerosene were 11.19 g·g^(-1),16.25 g·g^(-1),and 14.84 g·g^(-1),respectively,while the oil removal rates from oily wastewater were 98.82%,65.11%,and 99.63%,respectively.

Organic Wastes to Increase CO2 Absorption

The objective of the study was actually the investigation of the effect of various organic wastes on the ability of urine in absorbing CO2. Urine alone or mixed with olive-oil-mill waste waters (O), poultry litter (P) or meat bone meal (M) was used on the absorption of CO2 from a gas bottle. The absorption capacity (1.35 - 2.85 gCO2/gNH4) was bigger than other solvents such as ammonia and amines. The range of CO2 absorption was significantly bigger for the organic mixtures P and PM with urine (9.1 - 11.8) g/L than urine alone 6.5 g/L. These organic wastes could be used to increase CO2 absorption in urine and reduce gas emissions.

近临界水处理废次烟叶工艺条件及优化

为了探究近临界水处理废次烟叶制备生物油的最佳工艺条件,本文采用单因素试验设计,考察反应温度、固液比、保温时间对烟叶生物油产率的影响,并通过正交试验,对近临界水处理废次烟叶的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:近临界水液化烟叶的最佳处理组合为反应温度260℃,保温时间15min,固液比4∶50,此条件下烟叶生物油产率为57.68%。使用GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱联用仪)分析对水溶性油和残渣油的成分进行表征,结果显示,在最佳提取工艺条件下,从水溶性油中共分离出69种化学成分,以酚类为主,占总量的49.39%,其次为杂环类,占总量的25.69%;从残渣油中共分离出37种化学成分,以酯类、酮类为主,分别占总量的25.66%、20.21%。本方法遵循绿色提取理念,以水为溶剂,对环境友好,与传统提取方法相比,生物油产率高,致香成分丰富,为废次烟叶处理提供了新的途径。

利用AFM探究聚合物和表面活性剂对油滴间稳定性的影响

采用原子力显微镜(AFM)探究水中油滴之间的相互作用,并考察了聚合物聚(4-苯乙烯磺酸钠)(PSS)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对油滴稳定性的影响。采用分子动力学模拟软件模拟了PSS和SDS在水中的相互作用。结果表明:在不含聚合物和表面活性剂的盐溶液中油滴容易聚并;当水溶液中加入100 mg/L的PSS会使油滴稳定,这主要是由于PSS吸附层提供了空间位阻,有效阻止了油滴之间的聚并作用;然而,100 mg/L PSS和0.1 mM/L SDS共存时会导致油滴再次聚并,这是因为PSS和SDS同时存在时,两者易形成团簇,只有少部分PSS吸附到界面,此时PSS无法形成有效的空间位阻,导致油滴在相互靠近时发生聚并,从而影响了水包油体系的稳定性。

多巴胺改性废弃口罩制备超亲水油水分离膜

始于2019年底的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的传播,使得废弃口罩的处置成为人类面临的新挑战。通过在废弃口罩表面原位沉积SiO2纳米颗粒,进而接枝多巴胺(DA),制备得到性能优良的超亲水油水分离膜,改性后膜的水接触角为0°,重力作用下通量达到6953 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1),油水分离效率超过98.65%,且在不同酸碱度(pH=2~14)均表现出稳定的油水分离性能。废弃口罩改性制备油水分离膜为废弃口罩的处置及资源化利用提供了一种新思路,具有很好的社会经济效益。

绿色纤维素基水凝胶膜的制备及油水分离性能

以杨木粉(PF)中提取的纤维素木浆(PF-NA)为基底,通过冷冻盐析技术,利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)将LiCl颗粒包裹在纤维素骨架上制备了纤维素基(CLH)水凝胶膜。采用FTIR、SEM、XRD、XPS对CLH水凝胶膜进行了表征,对其机械、高温、耐酸碱和耐盐稳定性、自清洁和耐污性进行了测试。结果表明,CLH水凝胶膜具有三维层状结构,PVA的加入及冷冻盐析技术的利用提高了CLH水凝胶膜的力学性能。LiCl作为吸水单元分布在纤维素骨架周围,使CLH水凝胶膜具有超亲水性,水下油接触角为151°;在重力作用下,CLH水凝胶膜可以实现对油水混合物和水包油乳液的高效分离,在高温(60℃)、强酸(pH=3)和强碱(pH=13)条件下具有稳定的分离效率(≥99.8%);在循环分离12次水包机油乳液中,CLH水凝胶膜保持稳定的分离性能;CLH水凝胶膜对四氯乙烯油渍具有自清洁和耐污能力。

污水处理调节罐区设计问题分析

从系统设置、罐区布置、废气收集及处理、污油收集及处理、沉泥处理设施、系统切换、初期雨水等方面阐述某大型炼化企业污水处理调节罐区设计的主要内容,该罐区的合理设计,对提高整个污水处理系统的调节和运行稳定可起到关键作用。

化工废油水处理试验研究

由于化工企业焦炉煤气在合成氨与尿素过程中会产生大量的废油水,加上企业设备的升级改造使得生产过程中所产生的废油水也成倍增加,导致现有的油回收装置一直处于满负荷运行状态。为有效降低油回收装置废油水的处理负荷,通过采取离心分离技术对含油废水进行预处理,然后再由油回收装置进行处理,以降低油回收负荷。经废油样本分离处理试验得出:离心机进口含油废水油含量不同的样本,经离心机分离处理后,出口净液油含量达到30~50 mg/L,分离得到的废油含水量达到15%以下,处理效果较好可达到除油效果。

Highly hydrophobic oil−water separation membrane: reutilization of waste reverse osmosis membrane

The increasing applications of seawater desalination technology have led to the wide usage of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes,resulting in a large number of wasted reverse osmosis membranes.In this work,the base nonwoven layer of the wasted reverse osmosis membrane was successfully modified into the hydrophobic membrane via surface deposition strategy including TiO_(2) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane(PFOTS),respectively.Various techniques were applied to characterize the obtained membranes,which were then used to separate the oil–water system.The optimally modified membrane displayed good hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 135.2°±0.3°,and its oil–water separation performance was as high as 97.8%.After 20 recycle tests,the oil–water separation performance remained more than 96%,which was attributed to the film adhesion of the anchored TiO_(2) and PFOTS layer on the surface.This work might provide a new avenue for recycling the wasted reverse osmosis membrane used in oily wastewater purification.

海上水基钻井液废弃物压滤液回用技术研究与应用

海上油田环保项目水基钻井液废弃物压滤液如果能够实现资源化利用,那将大大降低海上环保项目钻井过程中产生的废弃物终端处理费用,实现降本增效。从滤液回用技术难点出发,通过室内实验,研究压滤液回收利用配置的钻井液性能是否稳定和对储层保护的效果方面进行分析,证实了其可行性。以海上某调整井项目为依托,将压滤液配置的钻井液应用到该项目5口井的钻井中,钻井全过程中的钻井液性能稳定,储层配伍性强,无污染,进一步验证了压滤液回用的可行性,实现了水基钻井液废弃物压滤液的重新利用。该项技术的成功应用,对后续海陆油田环保钻井项目的成本控制、资源化利用均具有重要的指导意义。

二硫代氨基甲酸盐除油机理

二硫代氨基甲酸盐是一类除油速率快、效果好的新型油田污水处理剂。为了推动二硫代氨基甲酸盐在我国油田污水处理中的应用 ,合成了 4种简单分子结构的二硫代氨基甲酸盐 ,并探讨了其除油机理。结果表明 ,二硫代氨基甲酸盐是通过与污水中的Fe2 + 反应生成絮体 ,在搅拌过程中依靠絮体卷扫污水中的分散油滴而达到除油的目的。污水中金属亚铁离子的含量越多 ,生成的絮体越多 ,除油效果越好。二硫代氨基甲酸盐的除油效果与其分子结构有关 ,分子中含有两个以上二硫代甲酸根的二硫代氨基甲酸盐 ,能与污水中的Fe2 + 生成卷扫能力较强的网状絮体 ,因而除油效果好。

环保型水基钻井液润滑剂的研制与评价

以地沟油为原料制备的生物柴油为润滑剂的基础油,以山梨醇酐单油酸酯(SP-80)、聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)、聚合型乳化剂聚氧乙烯(30)二聚羟基硬脂酸酯(简称ARLACEL-P135)等为稳定剂,通过探讨HLB值(由SP-80、OP-10复配比决定)和ARLACEL-P135加量对乳状液稳定性的影响,制备了一种环境友好的水基钻井液用油包水型润滑剂SWR-2(配方为生物柴油+2.25%SP-80+0.25%OP-10+0.18%ARLACEL-P135+水,油水比6∶4),评价了SWR-2在基浆和钻井液中的润滑性能。研究结果表明:SWR-2具有优良的润滑性,在基浆中添加0.5%即可降低润滑系数80%以上,可抗180℃高温,且具有一定抗盐能力,与水基钻井液配伍性良好。

疏水性油水分离膜及其过程研究进展

油水分离是治理含油废水和含水油液的重要工业过程。本文概括了疏水性油水分离膜的类型与制备方法,包括常规分离膜和高度疏水/超亲油分离膜。前者为常规微滤、超滤及纳滤过程用膜;后者由构筑高度疏水(水滴接触角≥120°)表面方法得到,形式有金属网膜、纤维膜、滤纸、复合膜及不对称膜,其为制备耐污染的疏水性油水分离膜提供了新思路。指出了疏水性膜用于油水分离的过程原理及应用现状:含油废水除油中,疏水性膜可实现O/W乳液的破乳、粗粒化油滴、滤除油滴及吸附油分子几方面的功能;含水油液除水中,膜被用来截留水滴,可直接得到净化的油品。最后,指出了其过程规模化应用前尚需解决的重要问题,特别是高度疏水/超亲油分离膜的制备、相关过程研究的深入及其规模化试验等方面需着力加强。

轮南油田水介质对A3钢腐蚀规律的研究

通过挂片失重法，结合化学分析法，研究了 Ａ３ 钢在轮南油田水（ 油水混合物、清水、污水）介质中的腐蚀规律。结果表明：在油水混和介质中，随着含水率的增大， Ａ３ 钢的腐蚀加重；在清水介质中， Ａ３ 钢的腐蚀速度（ Ｉｃｏｒｒ） 和井日注量（ Ｖ） 满足： Ｉｃｏｒｒ ＝ ０ ．０４１ × Ｖ０ ．３９ ；当污水（ 油田产出水） 和清水按１∶１左右的比例混配时， Ａ３ 钢的腐蚀最为严重。