Effect of wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber with different particle size on the texture properties, protein secondary structure, and microstructure of noodles

This study was conducted to explore how the insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)of wheat bran with different particle size affects the texture properties,water distribution,protein secondary structure and microstructure of noodles.The results suggested that IDF addition increased the cooking loss and decreased the sensory evaluation because of the damage on dough structure,while as the IDF particle size decreased,the sensory score increased from 78.8 to 82.3 and cooking loss decreased from 8.65%to 7.65%,which could be attributed to that small particle-sized IDF limited the damage on protein network structure,decreased the T22 and t-structure,and increased the β1-structure.Moreover,IDF particle size had a significant correlation with protein secondary structures,texture properties and evaluation score of noodles.In conclusion,adding appropriate particle sizewould be an effectiveway of enhancing the nutritional and textural properties of noodles.

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Xiamen waters

A semi-implicit and Eulerian - Lagrangian finite difference method for three-dimensionalshallow flow has been extended to a more complete system of equations incorporating second-moment turbulence closure model and transport equations of salinity and temperature. The simulation for flooding and drying of mudflats has been improved. The model is applied to Xiamen waters. Based on extensive survey data, water level elevation, temperature and salinity field along the eastern open boundary and at the Jiulong River inlets and runoffs are analyzed, specified and calibrated. The computed results show good agreement with the measured data, reproduce flooding, emergence of large and complex mudflat region.

The diffusive fluxes of inorganic nitrogen across the intertidal sediment-water interface of the Changjiang Estuary in China

Ammonium and nitrate concentrations were analyzed in near-bottom water and pore water collected from ten stations of the intertidal flat of the Changjiang Estuary during April, July, November and February. The magnitudes of the benthic exchange fluxes were determined on the basis of concentration gradients of ammonium and nitrate at the near-bottom water and interstitial water interface in combination with calculations of a modified Fick＇ s first law. Ammonium fluxes varied from - 5.05 to 1.43 μg/（ cm^2·d） and were greatly regulated by the production of ammonium in surface sediments, while nitrate fluxes ranged from - 0. 38 to 1.36 μg/ （ cm^2·d） and were dominated by nitrate concentrations in the tidal water. It was found that ammonium was mainly released from sediments into water columns at most of stations whereas nitrate was mostly diffused from overlying waters to intertidal sediments. In total, 823.75 t/a ammonium-N was passed from intertidal sediments to water while about 521.90 t/a nitrate-N was removed from overlying waters to intertidal sediments. This suggests that intertidal sediments had the significant influence on modulating inorganic nitrogen in the tidal water.

Using irrigation intervals to optimize water-use efficiency and maize yield in Xinjiang,northwest China

Worldwide, scarce water resources and substantial food demands require efficient water use and high yield.This study investigated whether irrigation frequency can be used to adjust soil moisture to increase grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of high-yield maize under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.A field experiment was conducted using three irrigation intervals in 2016: 6, 9, and 12 days(labeled D6, D9, and D12) and five irrigation intervals in 2017: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days(D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15).In Xinjiang, an optimal irrigation quota is 540 mm for high-yield maize.The D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15 irrigation intervals gave grain yields of 19.7, 19.1–21.0, 18.8–20.0, 18.2–19.2, and 17.2 Mg ha^-1 and a WUE of 2.48, 2.53–2.80, 2.47–2.63, 2.34–2.45, and 2.08 kg m-3, respectively.Treatment D6 led to the highest soil water storage, but evapotranspiration and soil-water evaporation were lower than other treatments.These results show that irrigation interval D6 can help maintain a favorable soil-moisture environment in the upper-60-cm soil layer, reduce soilwater evaporation and evapotranspiration, and produce the highest yield and WUE.In this arid region and in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions, a similar irrigation interval would thus be beneficial for adjusting soil moisture to increase maize yield and WUE under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.

Layer regrouping for water-flooded commingled reservoirs at a high water-cut stage

Layer regrouping is to divide all the layers into several sets of production series according to the physical properties and recovery percent of layers at high water-cut stage, which is an important technique to improve oil recovery for high water-cut multilayered reservoirs. Dif- ferent regroup scenarios may lead to different production performances. Based on unstable oil-water flow theory, a multilayer commingled reservoir simulator is established by modifying the production split method. Taking into account the differences of layer properties, including per- meability, oil viscosity, and remaining oil saturation, the pseudo flow resistance contrast is proposed to serve as a characteristic index of layer regrouping for high water-cut multilayered reservoirs. The production indices of multi- layered reservoirs with different pseudo flow resistances are predicted with the established model in which the data are taken from the Shengtuo Oilfield. Simulation results show that the pseudo flow resistance contrast should be less than 4 when the layer regrouping is implemented. The K-means clustering method, which is based on the objec- tive function, is used to automatically carry out the layer regrouping process according to pseudo flow resistances. The research result is applied to the IV-VI sand groups of the second member of the Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo Oilfield, a favorable development performance is obtained, and the oil recovery is enhanced by 6.08 %.

The Coupling Coordination Evolution Research of Economy - Ecology - Society System in Xinjiang：Based on the Interaction Perspective of Water Resources

Under the water resources perspective,coupling coordination of economy-ecology-society system in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. By building the coupling evaluation index system of the water resources-economy-ecology-society system,quantitative evaluation and analysis of the coupling coordination of the water resources-economy-ecology-society system from 2001 to 2014 were conducted. The results showed that benefit indexes of economic system and social system grew rapidly,while benefit indexes of water resources system and ecosystem fluctuated smoothly from 2001 to 2014; coupling state of the whole system was at rival stage,and coupling coordination was reluctant coordination type,and the coupling index was slightly higher than the coupling coordination index. Moreover,it showed that the more the coupling systems,the lower indices of coupling and the coupling coordination.

Effects of Different NH_4^+/NO_3^- Ratio and Water Condition on Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings

[Objective] This study aimed to further explore the dynamics of related physiological indexes of rice seedlings under different NH4＋ /NO3- ratio and different water condition. [Method] Under the hydroponic condition in laboratory, 3 NH4＋/NO3- ratios （0/100, 50/50 and 100/0） and 2 water conditions （＋PEG,-PEG） were designed for Fengliangyou 7203. [Result] The root-canopy ratio of rice seedlings increased under any of the NH4＋/NO3- ratios and water conditions. Under water stress, the root-canopy ratio of rice seedlings changed most greatly at the NH4＋/NO3- ratio of 0/ 100; the overall water potential of rice seedlings reached the lowest at the NH4＋/ NO3- ratio of 100/0; and the changes of water potential and xylem flow pH were relatively stable at the NH4＋/NO3- ratio of 50/50. Under the condition of no water stress, the growth of rice seedlings was best at the NH4＋/NO3- ratio of 50/50, followed by the NH4＋/NO3- ratios of 0/100 and 100/0. [Conclusion] This study will pro- vide a basis for understanding the relationship between water potential and xylem flow.

Lithium Behavior in Salt-water System Explored by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The molecular dynamics simulation method was adopted to study the transient characteristics of Li^+,CO3^2-,and SO4^2- in Na^+,K^+,Li^+,Cl^-,and SO4^2-/H2O system.The composition of Na^+,K^+,Li^+,Cl^-,SO4^2- and CO3^2- was selected to optimize the initial structural model and conduct dynamic simulation.The mean azimuth shift and diffusion coefficient of Li^+,CO3^2-,and SO4^2- in the system,the radial distribution function and potential energy between Li^+ and -OW,SO4^2- and -OW as well as CO3^2- and -OW,and the dielectric constant of hydrogen bond were expounded and analyzed.At the same time,the Li enrichment behavior in the evaporation process of salt lake brine was analyzed based on the simulated data.The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental values,which verifies that,compared with other ions,the crystallization of Li^+ and SO4^2- occurs earlier after reaching saturation.

Determination of 16 Species of OCPs in Water by Liquid-liquid Extraction-GC

[Objective] The research aimed to study the determination of 16 kinds of OCPs in water by liquid-liquid extraction -GC. [Method] The new method for determining 16 kinds of OCPs in water by liquid-liquid extraction -GC was established, and the influencing factors such as nitrogen pressure and water bath temperature were discussed. [ Result] Detection limit of the method was from 3.2 to 14.1 ng/L, the relative standard deviation was between 4.0% and 9.6%, and the average recovery ranged from 80.8% to 106.0%. By optimizing nitrogen pressure and water bath temperature in the sample pretreatment process, when nitrogen pressure was ＋0.087 kPa, and water bath temperature was ±36 ℃, recovery effect of this method was better. [ Conclusion] The determination method had accurate qualitative and quantitative results, and met detection requirement of 16 kinds of OCPs in water.

Preliminary Study on Water Demand Law of 1-0 Rooted Cuttings of Populus szechuanica

In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the afforestation and artificial water supply of P.szechuanica in arid areas,the characteristics of water consumption of P.szechuanica were explored,and the law of water demand of P.szechuanica was grasped.In this paper,potted seedlings of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica were taken as research objects,and change situation of water consumption under different water control gradients was measured regularly by using weighing method,further analyzing dynamic change of water consumption of P.szechuanica and revealing water demand law of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica.The results showed that total change of water consumption of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica had"slow-fast-slow-fast"double-peak trend in the growth period of the current year,and corresponded with univariate linear relation(R^(2)=0.7137),with significant difference.In whole growth period,water consumption in August was the highest,which was 2.7 times of that in June and July and 1.5 times of that after September.In different water control treatments,the dynamic changes of daily and monthly water consumption were significantly different.In seven water control treatments,monthly water consumption was between(6315.95±1690.70)and(10105.28±3065.30)g/month,and mean was(8211.07±2308.23)g/month.With intensification of water control treatment,water consumption increased,but there was no seedling death due to water shortage.P.szechuanica has great plasticity in water demand,and can survive in both arid and humid environments.Meanwhile,it is revealed that P.szechuanica is the most widely distributed tree species in the region.

2015 IWA Alternative Water Resources Conference Nanjing,China(May 26-28,2015)

The IWA Alternative Water Resources（AWR）Conference is organized by the International Water Association,Hohai University,the IWA China Chapter of the AWR Cluster,and the Seawater Desalination and AWR Utilization Research Center of Hohai University.

Water-Deficit Response Is Not Affected by Glutathione Deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana pad2-1 Plants

Changes in glutathione and ascorbate content, hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid were studied in developing leaves in wild-type (Col-0) and glutathione-deficient mutant pad2-1 lines of Arabidopsis thaliana over a time period of 9 days of drought followed by re-watering. Glutathione deficient mutant (pad2-1) presents mechanisms of acclimation to water stress through the reduction of plant biomass and increase in endogenous concentrations of ascorbate and glutathione. These acclimation responses to stress appeared along with the first symptoms of stress and we suggest here that they are regulated by ABA and H2O2. Normally, wild type plants under conditions of stress require an initial response phase in which a decrease in antioxidants is observed before reaching acclimation through the increase in levels of antioxidants. pad2-1 is more sensitive to stress and reacts to it;however, it did not suffer more oxidative stress than Col-0 plants, even though pad2-1 had higher levels of endogenous H2O2 relative to wild-type. In both water stressed Col-0 and pad2-1 plants increases in ABA were observed, however, more sharply in wild-type stressed plants. Low levels of glutathione together with high levels of H2O2 may regulate endogenous ABA concentrations and could be related to the slow growth rates which were observed during the experiment. The results highlighted the double function of glutathione as an antioxidant and signal molecule and also, the different response patterns of wild-type and pad2-1 when faced with drought stress. The results bring new insights to the responses of pad2-1 under conditions of water stress.

Water and nitrogen transport characteristics of single-line interference infiltration under film hole irrigation with muddy water and fertilizer

Based on the experimental data,this study investigated the effect of sand content of muddy water on water and nitrogen transport characteristics of the single-line interference infiltration under film hole irrigation with muddy water and fertilizer.The relationship between the single-line interference infiltration parameters,the sand content,the wetting front movement distances,and the sand content were all established.The model of the cumulative infiltration volume of per unit film pore area,the vertical and horizontal wetting front movement distance of the free surface,and the wetting front movement distance of the interference center with sand content and infiltration time were proposed.Reveal the law of the change of soil water content and the distribution of NO_(3)^(-)-N content based on different muddy water sand content.The results indicate that at the same infiltration time,as the muddy water sand content increases,the cumulative infiltration volume per unit pore area decreases.The infiltration index of the free infiltration and the single-line interference vary little when the sand content increases,mainly are around 0.64 and 0.58.The relationship between infiltration parameters a,b and the sand content is linear function.At the same location,the more the sand content,the smaller the wetting front movement distance in free surface and the single-line interference surface,the less the NO_(3)^(-)-N content.

Selective Adsorption Properties and Stable Solidification of Cs by Insoluble Ferrocyanide Loaded Zeolites

In Fukushima NPP-1, large amounts of HALW （high-activity-level water） accumulated in the reactor, turbine building and the trench in the facility is treated by circulating injection cooling system. The development of highly functional adsorbents and stable solidification method contributes to the advancement of the decontamination system and environmental remediation. The present study deals with： （1） preparation of insoluble ferrocyanide loaded zeolites; （2） selective uptake of Cs~ in seawater; and （3） estimation of Cs immobilization ratio and stable solidification. Various kinds of Cs-selective composites loaded with insoluble ferrocyanides （CoFC, NiFC） into the zeolites （zeolite A （A51, A-51J）, zeolite X （LSX）, chabazite （modified chabazite） and natural mordenite （SA-5）） matrices have been prepared to use successive impregnation/precipitation methods by Tohoku University. As for Cs~ adsorption, these composites had relatively large uptake （%） over 95%, distribution coefficients （Kd） above 103 cm3/g and excellent adsorption kinetics even in seawater. The immobilization ratio （%） of Cs for the CoFC saturated with Cs＋was estimated at different calcination temperatures up to 1,200 ℃ in advance. The immobilization ratio was less than 0.1% above 1,000℃, indicating that the adsorbed Cs~ ions are completely volatilized and insoluble ferrocyanides had no immobilization ability for Cs. In contrast, the insoluble ferrocyanide-loaded zeolites had excellent Cs immobilization ability; in the case of insoluble ferrocyanide-loaded natural zeolites （NiFC-SA-5, CoFC-modified chabazite）, the immobilization ratio was above 99% and 96% even after calcination at 1,000 ℃ and 1,100 ℃, respectively, indicating that nearly all Cs ions are immobilized in the sintered solid form. On the other hand, the immobilization ratio for the insoluble ferrocyanide-loaded A and X zeolites （NiFC-A （A51, A51J）, NiFC-X） tended to decrease with calcining temperature; for example, the immobilization ratio for NiFC-X at 1,000 ℃and 1,100 ℃ was estimated to be 74.9% and 55.4%, respectively, and many spots concentrating Cs were observed on the surface. The difference in immobilization behavior between natural zeolites and synthetic ones is probably due to the phase transformation and surface morphology at higher temperature above 1,000 ℃. The stable solidification of insoluble ferrocyanides was thus accomplished by using the excellent Cs immobilization abilities of zeolite matrices （Cs trapping and self-sintering abilities）.

Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium for tert-Butyl Alcohol + Water + Propane-1,3-Diol + 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride at 101.3 kPa

In this study, we used a mixture of organic liquid propane-1,3-diol and ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([emim]Cl) as the entrainer to separate tert-butyl alcohol(TBA) + water. We measured the isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) for the quaternary system TBA + water + propane-1,3-diol + [emim]Cl at 101.3 kPa, and found the VLE data to be well correlated with the nonrandom two-liquid model. These results show that the mixed solvent of propane-1,3-diol + [emim]Cl can increase the relative volatility of TBA to water and break the azeotropic point. We found no notable synergetic effect between them, and observed that the liquid mixed solvent of propane-1,3-diol and [emim]Cl had lower viscosity than [emim]Cl, which makes it a promising entrainer for separating the TBA + water azeotrope in industrial applications.

1,2-丙二醇基改性瓜尔胶合成及其压裂液性能

针对现有改性瓜尔胶作为水基压裂液材料存在溶解性与交联性能相互矛盾问题,采用3-氯-1,2-丙二醇改性瓜尔胶合成1,2-丙二醇基改性瓜尔胶DHPG,在瓜尔胶分子链中引入具有交联功能的改性基团1,2-丙二醇基来同时改善瓜尔胶的溶解性及交联性能,对合成的DHPG进行化学结构分析,并测试了DHPG理化指标及在水基压裂液的应用性能。研究结果表明:经过1,2-丙二醇基改性的瓜尔胶,可有效降低瓜尔胶中的水不溶物含量,增加溶解速度,提高与硼类交联剂的交联性能。在压裂液配方应用中,DPHG与现有改性瓜尔胶相比表现出更加优秀的耐温性能,更低的使用量以及残渣含量。通过优化DHPG的取代度及压裂液配方,可实现小于20 mg/L超低残渣、耐160℃超高温压裂液需求。以1,2-丙二醇基取代为基础的改性瓜尔胶材料,具备较好的应用开发前景。

GC-MS法测定水源水中的半挥发性有机物

我国于2002年6月1日实施了地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002),其中集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目中规定了68种有机污染物的监测,包括挥发性有机物(VOCs)和半挥发性有机物(SVOCs),其中半挥发性有机物的类别较多,有硝基苯、氯苯、苯胺、苯酚、有机氯农药、有机磷农药、多环芳烃和多氯联苯等有机污染物,分析方法以气相色谱为主.……

羟丙基-β-环糊精增溶难溶性药物研究进展

目的介绍羟丙基-β-环糊精增溶难溶性药物的研究进展。方法查阅近几年国内外文献报道,并进行分析归纳。结果新型辅料羟丙基-β-环糊精在药物制剂领域已有较普遍的应用和较深入的研究,其特性优良、安全性好、包合方法较多,近年来已广泛应用于难溶性药物的研究。结论开发和利用这一多功能新辅料,极有可能在药学领域获得突破性进展。

赤豆皮水不溶性膳食纤维吸附NO_2^-、胆酸钠的研究

采用化学法制备出理化性能良好的脱脂赤豆皮水不溶性膳食纤维,在体外模拟条件下,测定它对NO2-和胆酸钠的吸附作用,发现在酸性条件下赤豆皮水不溶性膳食纤维对NO2-具有较好的吸附作用,在pH=2.0时,最大吸附速率为0.132μmol/(g·mol),最小吸附浓度1.28μmol/L,平衡时间73.3min。在pH=6.0时,赤豆皮水不溶性膳食纤维对胆酸钠具有显著的吸附作用。膳食纤维用量分别为1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0g时,其最终吸附率分别为22.5%、36.1%、56.5%、82.5%,到达吸附平衡时的时间分别为1.8、2.9、3.6、4.6h。

荔枝壳水不溶性膳食纤维吸附NO_2^-、胆酸钠的研究

采用化学法制备了荔枝壳水不溶性膳食纤维,产率为39.73%,其持水力和溶胀力分别为4.15g/g和1.25mL/g。测定了荔枝壳水不溶性膳食纤维对NO2ˉ、胆酸钠的吸附作用。在酸性条件下荔枝壳水不溶性膳食纤维对NO2ˉ具有显著的吸附作用,随pH的升高其吸附能力显著减弱;当pH=2.0时,最大吸附速率为0.138μmol/(g·min),最小清除浓度为1.25μmol/L,达吸附平衡时间为72.6min。在pH6.0条件下荔枝壳水不溶性膳食纤维对胆酸钠具有较强的吸附作用,其吸附能力随其用量的增大而增强,但到达吸附平衡的时间也相应增加。膳食纤维用量分别为1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0g时,其最终吸附率分别为26.0%、43.0%、66.5%和87.5%,达吸附平衡时的时间分别为1.9、2.8、3.9、4.4h。