Energy integration and mass integration are important approaches to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in the process industry.Generally,the methods can be classified into two groups,viz.:conceptual design m...Energy integration and mass integration are important approaches to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in the process industry.Generally,the methods can be classified into two groups,viz.:conceptual design methods and mathematical programming methods.The former includes mainly graphical methods based on pinch technology that is operated easily.A feasible solution can be quickly obtained.Conceptual design methods are sequential in nature including two steps,namely:targeting and designing.The latter is based on superstructure optimization,and corresponding algorithm is adopted to solve the model.The trade-offs and connections among the entire network can be established and explored.Multiple factors can be considered and optimized simultaneously by mathematical programming methods.This paper describes the synthesis of heat integrated water allocation networks(HIWAN)based on both conceptual design methods and mathematical programming methods systematically.In addition,the characteristics and shortcomings of the existing research methods are summarized,and the future research direction is prospected.展开更多
Based on a successful simulation of Typhoon Haikui(2012) using WRF(Weather Research & Forecasting)model with the WSM6 microphysics scheme, a high-resolution model output is presented and analyzed in this study. To...Based on a successful simulation of Typhoon Haikui(2012) using WRF(Weather Research & Forecasting)model with the WSM6 microphysics scheme, a high-resolution model output is presented and analyzed in this study. To understand the cause of the average gridded rainfall stability and increases after Haikui's landfall, this research examines the fields of the physical terms as well as the vapor and condensate distributions and budgets, including their respective changes during the landing process. The environmental vapor supply following the typhoon landfall has no significant difference from that before the landfall. Although Haikui's secondary circulation weakens, this circulation is not conducive to typhoon rainfall stability or increases, although the amounts of the six kinds of water substances(vapor,cloud water, cloud ice, snow, rain, and graupel) increase in the outer region of the typhoon. This reallocation of water substances is essential to the maintenance of rainfall. The six kinds of water substances are classified as vapor, clouds(cloud water and ice) and precipitation(snow, rain, and graupel) to diagnose their budgets. This sorting reveals that the changes in the budgets of different kinds of water substances, caused by the reduced mixing ratios of snow and ice, the water consumption of clouds, and the transformation of graupel, induce increased concentrations of precipitation fallout,which occur closer to the ground after typhoon landfall. In addition, this pattern is an efficient way for Haikui's rainfall to remain stable after its landfall. Thus, the allocation and budget analyses of water substances are meaningful when forecasting the typhoon rainfall stability and increases after landfall.展开更多
Based on Investigation and Assessment on Rational Exploitation and Utilization of Groundwater Resources in Typical Areas of the Hexi Corridor, the thesis studies on groundwater and environmental problems arising from ...Based on Investigation and Assessment on Rational Exploitation and Utilization of Groundwater Resources in Typical Areas of the Hexi Corridor, the thesis studies on groundwater and environmental problems arising from the large-scale agricultural development projects in Shule River Basin. The thesis analyzes problems in exploiting and utilizing water resources, defines the function zoning of groundwater resources in key areas and evaluates them. Finally, the thesis uses three-dimensional unsteady flow simulation and regional social and economic development plan to study on the allocation of groundwater in Shule River Basin. A proposal for rational allocation of Shule River Basin water resources has been put forward.展开更多
Water resource allocation was defined as an input-output question in this paper,and a preliminary input-output index system was set up.Then GEM(group eigenvalue method)-MAUE(multi-attribute utility theory) model was a...Water resource allocation was defined as an input-output question in this paper,and a preliminary input-output index system was set up.Then GEM(group eigenvalue method)-MAUE(multi-attribute utility theory) model was applied to evaluate relative efficiency of water resource allocation plans.This model determined weights of indicators by GEM,and assessed the allocation schemes by MAUE.Compared with DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) or ANN(Artificial Neural Networks),the model was more applicable in some cases where decision-makers had preference for certain indicators.展开更多
文摘Energy integration and mass integration are important approaches to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in the process industry.Generally,the methods can be classified into two groups,viz.:conceptual design methods and mathematical programming methods.The former includes mainly graphical methods based on pinch technology that is operated easily.A feasible solution can be quickly obtained.Conceptual design methods are sequential in nature including two steps,namely:targeting and designing.The latter is based on superstructure optimization,and corresponding algorithm is adopted to solve the model.The trade-offs and connections among the entire network can be established and explored.Multiple factors can be considered and optimized simultaneously by mathematical programming methods.This paper describes the synthesis of heat integrated water allocation networks(HIWAN)based on both conceptual design methods and mathematical programming methods systematically.In addition,the characteristics and shortcomings of the existing research methods are summarized,and the future research direction is prospected.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41275002,41175054)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41230421)
文摘Based on a successful simulation of Typhoon Haikui(2012) using WRF(Weather Research & Forecasting)model with the WSM6 microphysics scheme, a high-resolution model output is presented and analyzed in this study. To understand the cause of the average gridded rainfall stability and increases after Haikui's landfall, this research examines the fields of the physical terms as well as the vapor and condensate distributions and budgets, including their respective changes during the landing process. The environmental vapor supply following the typhoon landfall has no significant difference from that before the landfall. Although Haikui's secondary circulation weakens, this circulation is not conducive to typhoon rainfall stability or increases, although the amounts of the six kinds of water substances(vapor,cloud water, cloud ice, snow, rain, and graupel) increase in the outer region of the typhoon. This reallocation of water substances is essential to the maintenance of rainfall. The six kinds of water substances are classified as vapor, clouds(cloud water and ice) and precipitation(snow, rain, and graupel) to diagnose their budgets. This sorting reveals that the changes in the budgets of different kinds of water substances, caused by the reduced mixing ratios of snow and ice, the water consumption of clouds, and the transformation of graupel, induce increased concentrations of precipitation fallout,which occur closer to the ground after typhoon landfall. In addition, this pattern is an efficient way for Haikui's rainfall to remain stable after its landfall. Thus, the allocation and budget analyses of water substances are meaningful when forecasting the typhoon rainfall stability and increases after landfall.
基金the project Survey and Assessment of Water Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Characteristic Areas of the Hexi Corridor
文摘Based on Investigation and Assessment on Rational Exploitation and Utilization of Groundwater Resources in Typical Areas of the Hexi Corridor, the thesis studies on groundwater and environmental problems arising from the large-scale agricultural development projects in Shule River Basin. The thesis analyzes problems in exploiting and utilizing water resources, defines the function zoning of groundwater resources in key areas and evaluates them. Finally, the thesis uses three-dimensional unsteady flow simulation and regional social and economic development plan to study on the allocation of groundwater in Shule River Basin. A proposal for rational allocation of Shule River Basin water resources has been put forward.
文摘Water resource allocation was defined as an input-output question in this paper,and a preliminary input-output index system was set up.Then GEM(group eigenvalue method)-MAUE(multi-attribute utility theory) model was applied to evaluate relative efficiency of water resource allocation plans.This model determined weights of indicators by GEM,and assessed the allocation schemes by MAUE.Compared with DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) or ANN(Artificial Neural Networks),the model was more applicable in some cases where decision-makers had preference for certain indicators.
