Developing highly active and cost-effective electrocatalysts for enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is a significant challenge for overall water splitting.Sulfur-incorporat...Developing highly active and cost-effective electrocatalysts for enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is a significant challenge for overall water splitting.Sulfur-incorporated nickel iron(oxy)hydroxide(S-NiFeOOH)nanosheets were directly grown on commercial nickel foam using a galvanic corrosion method and a hydrothermal method.The incorporation of sulfur into NiFeOOH enhanced the catalytic activity for the HER and OER in 1 M KOH electrolyte.The enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to the change in the local structure and chemical states due to the incorporation of sulfur.High performance for overall water splitting was achieved with an alkaline water electrolyzer.This was realized by employing S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst,thereby outperforming a water electrolyzer that requires the usage of precious metal electrocatalysts(i.e.,Pt/C as the HER electrocatalyst and IrO_(2) as the OER electrocatalyst).Moreover,when driven by a commercial silicon solar cell,an alkaline water electrolyzer that uses S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst generated hydrogen under natural illumination.This study shows that S-NiFeOOH is a promising candidate for a large-scale industrial implementation of hydrogen production for overall water splitting because of its low cost,high activity,and durability.In addition,the solar-driven water electrolyzer using S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst affords the opportunity for developing effective and feasible solar power systems in the future.展开更多
This paper presents an evaluation of different dose of Sodium Metabisulfite (0.01 M Na2S2O5), (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water for the removal of soil contaminated with Pb, Zn and Cr by the column mode. The ...This paper presents an evaluation of different dose of Sodium Metabisulfite (0.01 M Na2S2O5), (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water for the removal of soil contaminated with Pb, Zn and Cr by the column mode. The field soil contained concentrations of Pb (307.31 mg⋅kg−1), Zn (207.77 mg⋅kg−1) and Cr (447.50 mg⋅kg−1). Both (0.01 M Na2S2O5), (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water were found to be effective on removing (Na2S2O5) Pb, Cr and Zn respectively. (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl) Cr, Zn and Pb respectively. Sulfur Pb, Cr and Zn respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 10.35% - 26%, 3.4% - 21.60% and 4.97% - 23.88% for (0.01 M Na2S2O5 respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 16.13% - 20.07%, 8.20% - 23.48%, 5.42% - 28.93% for (0.01 M Na2S2O5 + 0.1 M HCl) respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 10.20% - 25.5%, 9.55% - 25.13% and 6.04% - 25.54% for (S) respectively.展开更多
The intermolecular clusters of sulfur dioxide with water, SO2（H2O）n （n = 2～5）, are studied by using B3LYP density functional theory and MP2 ab initio methods along with the large basis sets （6-311＋＋G（d,p） an...The intermolecular clusters of sulfur dioxide with water, SO2（H2O）n （n = 2～5）, are studied by using B3LYP density functional theory and MP2 ab initio methods along with the large basis sets （6-311＋＋G（d,p） and aug-cc-pVDZ）. The equilibrium geometries, intermolecular binding energies, and anharmonic frequencies of the clusters are calculated and compared with those of pure water clusters and available experiments. SO2 tends to form cyclic hydrogen-bonded complexes with two or three water molecules. In the larger clusters, however, water molecules begin to retain the structure of pure water clusters and segregate from SO2. Infrared absorption assignments for the small clusters are discussed to resolve a possible incorrect assignment in a recent spectroscopic experiment on the clusters.展开更多
The effects of adding pulping black liquor and other additives to coal-water slurry(CWS) on the sulfur-fixing performance of the resultant mixture(pulping black liquor coal-water slurry) were evaluated. The experiment...The effects of adding pulping black liquor and other additives to coal-water slurry(CWS) on the sulfur-fixing performance of the resultant mixture(pulping black liquor coal-water slurry) were evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated that the ash content of the black liquor coalwater slurry decreased as the addition of pulping black liquor in the mixture increased. Nevertheless, the addition amount should be appropriately selected to ensure that the black liquor coal-water slurry had a moderate calorific value. Addition of black liquor improved the combustion performance of CWS by lowering the ignition point and stabilizing the combustion process; moreover, the sulfur-fixation ratio after combustion increased by 12 to 16 percentage points than that of CWS, and the content of high-melting-point salt in the ash from CWS after adding black liquor was low. The sulfur-fixing ratio of CWS after adding a sulfur-fixing agent was effectively increased by 25 to 30 percenatge points, but with compromise of the fluidity and stability of the CWS; thus, the addition amount of a sulfur-fixing agent should be optimized.展开更多
Detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has largely been dependent on targeted gene sequencing technology or traditional cell cultivation, which usually takes from days to months to carry out. This clearly does not mee...Detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has largely been dependent on targeted gene sequencing technology or traditional cell cultivation, which usually takes from days to months to carry out. This clearly does not meet the requirements of analysis for time-sensitive samples and/or complicated environmental samples. Since energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) can be used to simultaneously detect multiple elements in a sample, including sulfur, with minimal sample treatment, this technology was applied to detect sulfur-oxidizing bacteria using their high sulfur content within the cell. This article describes the application of scanning electron microscopy imaging coupled with EDS mapping for quick detection of sulfur oxidizers in contaminated environmental water samples, with minimal sample handling. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed the existence of dense granules within the bacterial cells, while EDS identified large amounts of sulfur within them. EDS mapping localized the sulfur to these granules. Subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacteria detected in our samples belonged to the genus Chromatium, which are sulfur oxidizers. Thus, EDS mapping made it possible to identify sulfur oxidizers in environmental samples based on localized sulfur within their cells, within a short time(within 24 h of sampling). This technique has wide ranging applications for detection of sulfur bacteria in environmental water samples.展开更多
Objective Most porphyry Cu deposits （PCDs） were formed in association with subduction-related calc-alkaline magmas, which occurred widely in magmatic arcs worldwide. A widely accepted model is that such deposits wer...Objective Most porphyry Cu deposits （PCDs） were formed in association with subduction-related calc-alkaline magmas, which occurred widely in magmatic arcs worldwide. A widely accepted model is that such deposits were formed from hydrothermal fluids exsolved from hydrous, high oxygen fugacity, sulfur-rich arc magmas, derived from a mantle wedge metasomatized by subduction-slab fluids. Recent studies have documented that such deposits may also occur in post-collisional settings, e.g., the Gangdese porphyry Cu belts in Tibet. The formation of such PCDs is very difficult to be explained by the classic PCDs model, which results in an alternative model to be proposed to interpret the genesis of PCDs in such settings. In this alternative model, metals and sulfur of the post-collisional PCDs were generally thought to be derived from a subduction-modified thickened lower crust, rather than a metasomatized mantle wedge. However, our detailed analysis suggests that the sources of metals and sulfur for the PCDs in post-collisional settings still cannot be well explained by the lower-crust melting model.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.NRF-2016R1D1A3B04935101).
文摘Developing highly active and cost-effective electrocatalysts for enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is a significant challenge for overall water splitting.Sulfur-incorporated nickel iron(oxy)hydroxide(S-NiFeOOH)nanosheets were directly grown on commercial nickel foam using a galvanic corrosion method and a hydrothermal method.The incorporation of sulfur into NiFeOOH enhanced the catalytic activity for the HER and OER in 1 M KOH electrolyte.The enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to the change in the local structure and chemical states due to the incorporation of sulfur.High performance for overall water splitting was achieved with an alkaline water electrolyzer.This was realized by employing S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst,thereby outperforming a water electrolyzer that requires the usage of precious metal electrocatalysts(i.e.,Pt/C as the HER electrocatalyst and IrO_(2) as the OER electrocatalyst).Moreover,when driven by a commercial silicon solar cell,an alkaline water electrolyzer that uses S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst generated hydrogen under natural illumination.This study shows that S-NiFeOOH is a promising candidate for a large-scale industrial implementation of hydrogen production for overall water splitting because of its low cost,high activity,and durability.In addition,the solar-driven water electrolyzer using S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst affords the opportunity for developing effective and feasible solar power systems in the future.
文摘This paper presents an evaluation of different dose of Sodium Metabisulfite (0.01 M Na2S2O5), (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water for the removal of soil contaminated with Pb, Zn and Cr by the column mode. The field soil contained concentrations of Pb (307.31 mg⋅kg−1), Zn (207.77 mg⋅kg−1) and Cr (447.50 mg⋅kg−1). Both (0.01 M Na2S2O5), (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water were found to be effective on removing (Na2S2O5) Pb, Cr and Zn respectively. (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl) Cr, Zn and Pb respectively. Sulfur Pb, Cr and Zn respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 10.35% - 26%, 3.4% - 21.60% and 4.97% - 23.88% for (0.01 M Na2S2O5 respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 16.13% - 20.07%, 8.20% - 23.48%, 5.42% - 28.93% for (0.01 M Na2S2O5 + 0.1 M HCl) respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 10.20% - 25.5%, 9.55% - 25.13% and 6.04% - 25.54% for (S) respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20528706)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20090450385)
文摘The intermolecular clusters of sulfur dioxide with water, SO2（H2O）n （n = 2～5）, are studied by using B3LYP density functional theory and MP2 ab initio methods along with the large basis sets （6-311＋＋G（d,p） and aug-cc-pVDZ）. The equilibrium geometries, intermolecular binding energies, and anharmonic frequencies of the clusters are calculated and compared with those of pure water clusters and available experiments. SO2 tends to form cyclic hydrogen-bonded complexes with two or three water molecules. In the larger clusters, however, water molecules begin to retain the structure of pure water clusters and segregate from SO2. Infrared absorption assignments for the small clusters are discussed to resolve a possible incorrect assignment in a recent spectroscopic experiment on the clusters.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21576146)
文摘The effects of adding pulping black liquor and other additives to coal-water slurry(CWS) on the sulfur-fixing performance of the resultant mixture(pulping black liquor coal-water slurry) were evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated that the ash content of the black liquor coalwater slurry decreased as the addition of pulping black liquor in the mixture increased. Nevertheless, the addition amount should be appropriately selected to ensure that the black liquor coal-water slurry had a moderate calorific value. Addition of black liquor improved the combustion performance of CWS by lowering the ignition point and stabilizing the combustion process; moreover, the sulfur-fixation ratio after combustion increased by 12 to 16 percentage points than that of CWS, and the content of high-melting-point salt in the ash from CWS after adding black liquor was low. The sulfur-fixing ratio of CWS after adding a sulfur-fixing agent was effectively increased by 25 to 30 percenatge points, but with compromise of the fluidity and stability of the CWS; thus, the addition amount of a sulfur-fixing agent should be optimized.
基金Supported by the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(Nos.GY02-2011T10,2015P07)the Qingdao Talent Program(No.13-CX-20)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31100567,41176061)the National Natural Science Foundation for Creative Groups(No.41521064)
文摘Detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has largely been dependent on targeted gene sequencing technology or traditional cell cultivation, which usually takes from days to months to carry out. This clearly does not meet the requirements of analysis for time-sensitive samples and/or complicated environmental samples. Since energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) can be used to simultaneously detect multiple elements in a sample, including sulfur, with minimal sample treatment, this technology was applied to detect sulfur-oxidizing bacteria using their high sulfur content within the cell. This article describes the application of scanning electron microscopy imaging coupled with EDS mapping for quick detection of sulfur oxidizers in contaminated environmental water samples, with minimal sample handling. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed the existence of dense granules within the bacterial cells, while EDS identified large amounts of sulfur within them. EDS mapping localized the sulfur to these granules. Subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacteria detected in our samples belonged to the genus Chromatium, which are sulfur oxidizers. Thus, EDS mapping made it possible to identify sulfur oxidizers in environmental samples based on localized sulfur within their cells, within a short time(within 24 h of sampling). This technique has wide ranging applications for detection of sulfur bacteria in environmental water samples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41273051)
文摘Objective Most porphyry Cu deposits （PCDs） were formed in association with subduction-related calc-alkaline magmas, which occurred widely in magmatic arcs worldwide. A widely accepted model is that such deposits were formed from hydrothermal fluids exsolved from hydrous, high oxygen fugacity, sulfur-rich arc magmas, derived from a mantle wedge metasomatized by subduction-slab fluids. Recent studies have documented that such deposits may also occur in post-collisional settings, e.g., the Gangdese porphyry Cu belts in Tibet. The formation of such PCDs is very difficult to be explained by the classic PCDs model, which results in an alternative model to be proposed to interpret the genesis of PCDs in such settings. In this alternative model, metals and sulfur of the post-collisional PCDs were generally thought to be derived from a subduction-modified thickened lower crust, rather than a metasomatized mantle wedge. However, our detailed analysis suggests that the sources of metals and sulfur for the PCDs in post-collisional settings still cannot be well explained by the lower-crust melting model.
