The collision-free straight-line following of an unmanned surface vehicle(USV)moving in a constrained water region subject to stationary and moving obstacles is addressed in this paper.USV systems are normally subject...The collision-free straight-line following of an unmanned surface vehicle(USV)moving in a constrained water region subject to stationary and moving obstacles is addressed in this paper.USV systems are normally subjected to surge velocity constraints,yaw rate constraints,and unknown ocean currents.Herein,a safety-certificated line-of-sight(LOS)guidance method is proposed to achieve a constrained straight-line following task.First,an antidisturbance LOS guidance law is designed based on the LOS guidance scheme and an extended state observer.Furthermore,collision avoidance with waterway boundaries and stationary/moving obstacles is encoded in control barrier functions,utilizing which the safety constraints are transformed into input constraints.Finally,safety-certificated guidance signals are obtained by solving a quadratic programming problem subject to input constraints.Using the proposed safety-certified LOS guidance method,the USV can accomplish a straight-line following task with guaranteed input-to-state safety.Simulation results substantiate the efficacy of the proposed safety-certificated LOS guidance method for the straight-line following of USVs moving in a constrained water region subject to unknown ocean currents.展开更多
Due to varying crop responses to water stress at different growth stages, scheduling irrigation is a challenge for farmers, especially when water availability varies on a monthly, seasonal and yearly basis. The object...Due to varying crop responses to water stress at different growth stages, scheduling irrigation is a challenge for farmers, especially when water availability varies on a monthly, seasonal and yearly basis. The objective of this study was to optimize irrigation between the vegetative(V) and reproductive(R) phases of maize under different available water levels in Colorado. Longterm(1992–2013) scenarios simulated with the calibrated Root Zone Water Quality Model were designed to meet40%–100% of crop evapotranspiration(ET) requirements at V and R phases, subject to seasonal water availabilities(300, 400, 500 mm, and no water limit), with and without monthly limits(total of 112 scenarios). The most suitable irrigation between V and R phases of maize was identified as 60/100, 80/100, and 100/100 of crop ET requirement for the 300, 400, 500 mm water available, respectively, based on the simulations from 1992 to 2013. When a monthly water limit was imposed, the corresponding suitable irrigation targets between V and R stages were 60/100,100/100, and 100/100 of crop ET requirement for the above three seasonal water availabilities, respectively.Irrigation targets for producing higher crop yield with reduced risk of poor yield were discussed for projected five-year water availabilities.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2022ZD0119902the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51979020+5 种基金the Top-notch Young Talents Program of China under Grant No.36261402the Dalian High-level Talents Innovation Support Program under Grant No.2022RQ010the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program under Grant No.XLYC2007188the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under Grant No.2022J01131710the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China under Grant No.2022M720619in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 3132023107.
文摘The collision-free straight-line following of an unmanned surface vehicle(USV)moving in a constrained water region subject to stationary and moving obstacles is addressed in this paper.USV systems are normally subjected to surge velocity constraints,yaw rate constraints,and unknown ocean currents.Herein,a safety-certificated line-of-sight(LOS)guidance method is proposed to achieve a constrained straight-line following task.First,an antidisturbance LOS guidance law is designed based on the LOS guidance scheme and an extended state observer.Furthermore,collision avoidance with waterway boundaries and stationary/moving obstacles is encoded in control barrier functions,utilizing which the safety constraints are transformed into input constraints.Finally,safety-certificated guidance signals are obtained by solving a quadratic programming problem subject to input constraints.Using the proposed safety-certified LOS guidance method,the USV can accomplish a straight-line following task with guaranteed input-to-state safety.Simulation results substantiate the efficacy of the proposed safety-certificated LOS guidance method for the straight-line following of USVs moving in a constrained water region subject to unknown ocean currents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671627)the 2016 Agricultural international exchange and cooperation project
文摘Due to varying crop responses to water stress at different growth stages, scheduling irrigation is a challenge for farmers, especially when water availability varies on a monthly, seasonal and yearly basis. The objective of this study was to optimize irrigation between the vegetative(V) and reproductive(R) phases of maize under different available water levels in Colorado. Longterm(1992–2013) scenarios simulated with the calibrated Root Zone Water Quality Model were designed to meet40%–100% of crop evapotranspiration(ET) requirements at V and R phases, subject to seasonal water availabilities(300, 400, 500 mm, and no water limit), with and without monthly limits(total of 112 scenarios). The most suitable irrigation between V and R phases of maize was identified as 60/100, 80/100, and 100/100 of crop ET requirement for the 300, 400, 500 mm water available, respectively, based on the simulations from 1992 to 2013. When a monthly water limit was imposed, the corresponding suitable irrigation targets between V and R stages were 60/100,100/100, and 100/100 of crop ET requirement for the above three seasonal water availabilities, respectively.Irrigation targets for producing higher crop yield with reduced risk of poor yield were discussed for projected five-year water availabilities.