Relationship Between Canopy Temperature at Flowering Stage and Soil Water Content,Yield Components in Rice

The canopy temperature of rice at the flowering stage and the soil water content were investigated under different soil water treatments （the soil water contents were 24%, 55%, 90% and 175% at the flowering stage）. The canopy temperature was lower than air temperature, and the soil water content significantly influenced the canopy temperature. The lower the soil water content, the higher the canopy temperature, the less the accumulative absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference. Moreover, the maximum difference between treatments and CK in the accumulative absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference appeared at 13：00 μm. in a day, thus, it could be considered as a suitable measuring time. Under the lowest water content treatment, the peak flowering occurred in the first three days （about 70% of panicles flowered）, resulting in shortened and lightened panicle of rice. As to the CK and the high water content treatments, the peak flowering appeared in the middle of flowering duration, with longer panicle length and higher panicle weight. Results indicated the lower the soil water content, the less the filled grain number and grain yield.

Relationship Between Substrate Water Content and Weight Loss,Mycelium Culture Time and Hypsizygus marmoreus Growth Yields

Changes in the weight and water content of the growth substrate at different cultivation times significantly affected Hypsizygus marmoreus growth yields.Highest growth yields(132.6~146.3 g per culture) were achieved when the mycelium culture and maturation period was between 80 and 90 days,and the substrate water content was 73%~74%.Physiological maturation of H.marmoreus mycelium was correlated with the substrate water content.

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting with supplemental irrigation to improve seed yield and water use efficiency of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting （RFRH） planting pattern can lessen the effect of water deficits throughout all crop growth stages, but water shortage would remain unavoidable during some stages of crop growth in arid and semiarid areas. Supplemental irrigation would still be needed to achieve a higher production. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons （2012-2013 and 2013-2014）to determine an appropriate amount of supplemental irrigation to be applied to winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage with RFRH planting pattern. Four treatments, including supplemental irrigation amount of 0 （I1）, 60 mm （I2） and 120 mm （I3） with RFRH planting pattern and a control （CK） irrigated with 120 mm with flat planting pattern, were set up to evaluate the effects of supplemental irrigation on aboveground dry matter （ADM）, nitrogen nutrition index （NNI）, radiation use efficiency （RUE）, water use efficiency （WUE）, and seed yield and oil content of the oilseed rape. Results showed that supplemental irrigation improved NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE. However, the NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE did not increase significantly or even showed a downward trend with excessive irrigation. Seed yield was the highest in 13 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 13 averaged 3235 kg ha^-1 and 8.85 kg ha^-1 mm-1, respectively. The highest WUE was occurred in 12 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 12 averaged 3089 kg ha^-1 and 9.63 kg ha^-1 mm^-1, respectively. Compared to 13, 12 used 60 mm less irrigation amount, had an 8.9% higher WUE, but only 4.5 and 0.4% lower seed yield and oil content, respectively. 12 saved water without substantially sacrificing yield or oil content, so it is recommended as an appropriate cultivation and irrigation schedule for winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage.

不同灌水处理对春玉米土壤水分、耗水特征及产量的影响

【目的】探究不同灌水定额对春玉米全生育期耗水特征及产量的影响,优化克拉玛依地区春玉米节水灌溉制度,以提高当地水分利用效率。【方法】于2021年5—9月在克拉玛依农业综合开发区开展春玉米田间试验,设置6个灌水处理W1(225 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W2(300 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W3(375 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W4(450 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W5(525 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W6(600 m^(3)/hm^(2)),探究不同灌水定额对春玉米耗水特征及产量的影响。【结果】①各生育期不同灌水处理0~100 cm土层土壤含水率随土层深度增加呈“增-减-增”的变化趋势。W5处理在喇叭口期、抽雄散粉期、乳熟期、完熟期较W1、W2、W3、W4、W6处理0~100 cm土层土壤贮水量平均增加了2.35%~9.11%、0.21%~4.37%、0.39%~1.79%、0.60%~4.48%。②完熟期W5处理百粒质量显著高于W1处理和W2处理,但与W3、W4、W6处理无显著性差异。W5处理穗粒数较其他处理显著提高10.49%~36.01%,穗长较其他处理显著提高8.31%~27.12%。③综合评判模型计算得出W5处理(525 m3/hm^(2))综合评价指数最高。【结论】因此,全生育期灌水10次,灌水定额为525 m3/hm^(2)是克拉玛依地区最优灌水处理。

基于磷酸二氢铵-氯化钾的新型氮磷钾水溶肥制备工艺及氯含量调控研究

农业绿色高质量发展对农业肥料的品质提出了更高要求,其中新型水溶肥的开发受到了极大关注。本文以磷酸二氢铵和工业氯化钾为原料,通过复分解工艺,制备了新型氮磷钾水溶肥,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段,考察了原料质量比、原料添加量、反应温度以及搅拌速度等因素对氮磷钾水溶肥中的氯含量及产率的影响。结果表明:原料质量比对氮磷钾水溶肥的制备具有决定性影响;在原料质量比为1∶1、NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)和KCl添加量均为20 g、反应温度为80℃、搅拌速度为500 r/min时制备的氮磷钾水溶肥中氯含量最低,产率最高,产物组分主要是K_(0.37)(NH_(4))_(0.63)H_(2)PO_(4)。研究成果可为我国高效、环保新型肥料的研发提供参考。

不同灌溉量对蒙古黄芪土壤水分、生长发育及产量品质的影响

为明确陕北旱区蒙古黄芪高产优质栽培的灌溉制度,探究不同灌溉量对蒙古黄芪品质及产量的影响,以蒙古黄芪为试验材料,设置灌溉量分别为5240(W1)、4190(W2)、3140(W3)、2090(W4)、1040(W5)、0(CK)m^(3)/hm^(2)共6个处理,分析土壤含水量及蒙古黄芪的干物质量及根冠比、农艺性状、产量、品质的差异性变化。结果表明,0~60 cm,W1、W2、W3、W4、W5处理下的土壤含水量较CK分别提高50.1%、30%、19.8%、19.6%、14.6%;W2、W3、W5处理下的收获期根冠比较CK分别提高61%、38%、36%;荚果期蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、冠幅随灌溉量的增加而增加,在W2处理时达到最高,随后开始下降;W2处理产量较CK显著提高53%;在黄芪品质方面,W3处理黄芪甲苷含量为0.131%,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量为0.22%,均高于其他处理。相关性分析结果发现,根干质量、根鲜质量、茎叶干质量、冠幅均与产量呈显著正相关。综上,陕北旱区平栽蒙古黄芪高产优质的适宜灌溉量为3140~4190 m^(3)/hm^(2)。

基于连续小波变换估测干旱胁迫下玉米籽粒产量

利用高光谱遥感技术监测作物水分状况和籽粒产量,对于调控作物生长、优化水分管理和改善产量形成具有重要意义。本研究玉米品种选用正红505,于2018—2019年在四川雅安和仁寿的试验田设置4个水分处理(正常水分、轻度、中度和重度干旱),分析玉米在拔节期(V6)、抽雄期(VT)和灌浆期(R^(2))的冠层含水量(canopy water content,CWC)与籽粒产量的定量关系,利用植被指数和连续小波变换对光谱反射率数据进行处理,采用线性回归方法构建CWC定量反演模型,进一步探索以CWC为桥梁建立的玉米籽粒产量的预测模型效果。结果表明,(1)利用小波特征构建的CWC估测模型的预测效果高于植被指数,V6、VT和R^(2)期分别以小波特征gaus3770,64、rbio3.31635,2和rbio3.3838,2构建的线性回归模型检验精度较高,R^(2)分别为0.770、0.291和0.233。(2)CWC与玉米籽粒产量间建立的线性回归模型均达极显著水平(P<0.01),V6、VT和R^(2)期的R^(2)分别为0.596、0.366和0.439。(3)基于光谱反射率构建的产量预测模型以V6期小波特征gaus3770,64的验证效果最好(R^(2)=0.577,RMSE=1.625 t hm^(–2)),可作为预测玉米籽粒产量的最佳时期。因此,本研究提出的“光谱反射率—冠层含水量—产量”建模方法能够实现对玉米籽粒产量的精确估测,为未来大面积监测玉米生产力提供了理论依据。

不同集雨方式对旱作区马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响

宁南山区马铃薯种植主要采用起垄覆膜的栽培模式,但由于地膜的阻隔,降雨直接从垄面流向垄沟,导致水分利用率低,影响马铃薯产量。针对旱作区马铃薯生产中自然降水利用率低的问题,以青薯9号为材料,采用随机区组试验设计,设置了传统起垄覆膜(CK)、垄面集雨覆黑膜(T1)和垄面集雨覆渗水膜(T2)3种集雨方式,测定了3种集雨方式对马铃薯土壤含水量、酶活性和马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,垄面集雨覆黑膜和覆渗水膜的种植方式均可提高马铃薯土壤含水量和土壤酶活性,改善马铃薯农艺性状,从而增加产量。其中,垄面集雨覆黑膜处理的产量最高,达1543.16 kg·667 m^(-2),较CK提高了44.04%,比覆渗水膜更有效地增加产量。综上所述,垄面集雨覆黑膜的种植方式优于覆渗水膜,可以提高水分利用率,这为马铃薯高产高效栽培提供了参考依据。

不同耕作方式对山西褐土土壤特性及玉米生长的影响

为探索新型耕作技术——生态粉垄技术在山西缺水干旱区农业节水增产提质的应用效果,以玉米作为试验作物,采用设置对照(传统旋耕CK)、粉垄(FL)、粉垄+施肥(FL+S)三种不同耕作方式,测定不同处理下土壤贮水量、土壤颗粒度和玉米产量等指标,探讨生态粉垄技术在山西缺水干旱区农业节水增产提质的应用效果。结果表明:粉垄耕作能有效增加土壤贮水量,各生育期0~20 cm、20~40 cm土壤贮水量均表现为FL>CK,FL+S>CK。FL、FL+S处理0~20 cm土壤贮水量分别比CK最高可增加31.62%、22.80%,FL、FL+S处理20~40 cm土壤贮水量分别比CK最高可增加29.47%、33.33%。在粉垄耕作处理下,试验区土壤的机械性团聚体降低。FL处理下团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)相比CK降低了17.32%、90.03%。相比CK,FL、FL+S处理能显著提高玉米穗粒数、果穗质量、单穗籽粒质量、穗长。粉垄耕作能提高玉米籽粒质量,FL、FL+S处理的籽粒产量分别比CK增加了24.80%、35.25%。

不同磷肥用量下红壤区早稻季产量与田面水磷素动态变化

探明红壤区早稻季产量与田面水磷素动态变化,为红壤稻区的水肥管理提供数据支撑。于2022年开展不同磷肥用量的田间试验,设置P_(2)O_(5)用量分别为0、26.6、33.8、41.1、48.3、55.6、62.8、70.1 kg/hm^(2)(分别为P0、P26.6、P33.8、P41.1、P48.3、P55.6、P62.8、P70.1处理),测定磷素吸收量与早稻产量,监测施肥后0、1、3、5、7 d田面水总磷浓度和含量的变化,并分析监测期内水稻产量、磷素吸收量及田面水总磷含量与磷肥用量的相关关系。结果表明:水稻磷素吸收量随磷肥用量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势。以P55.6处理磷素吸收量最高,其次是P48.3、P62.8、P41.1、P33.8、P26.6和P70.1处理,但均未达到显著差异,P0处理最低,拟合计算发现,最佳磷肥用量为50.29 kg/hm^(2);早稻产量呈随磷肥用量先增加后降低的趋势,P0处理产量最低,其次是P26.6处理,二者均显著低于其他施磷处理,其他各处理间未达到显著差异,以P55.6处理产量最高,其次是P48.3处理,P41.1、P33.8处理较P48.3处理略有降低,拟合计算发现,51.88 kg/hm^(2)时产量最高;随着磷肥用量的增加,田面水总磷浓度和含量逐渐增加,各磷肥用量田面水总磷浓度、含量均在施肥后呈先升高后降低的趋势,施肥后1 d达到峰值,之后开始下降并在施肥后3 d趋于稳定;结合线性方程发现,施肥后0~7 d,田面水总磷含量与磷肥用量均存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.05),施肥后0、1、3、5、7 d磷肥用量每增加1 kg/hm^(2),田面水总磷含量分别增加0.046、0.033、0.011、0.011、0.020 kg/hm^(2)。因此,我国红壤稻田早稻季适宜磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))施用量为51.09 kg/hm^(2),施肥后3 d内是磷流失的高风险期,应减少排水。

腐殖酸水溶肥对芦笋生长·产量及营养成分的影响

通过小区试验,设置喷施腐殖酸水溶肥(TF)、清水(TW)和无喷施的常规施肥(CK)3个处理,研究喷施腐殖酸水溶肥对芦笋生长、产量、营养成分和经济效益的影响。结果表明,TF对芦笋嫩茎生物学性状(单株茎数、长度、茎粗、质量)的影响显著优于TW和CK。TF比TW和CK显著增加了芦笋产量(P<0.05),增幅分别为9.5%和13.1%。TF比CK显著增加了芦笋嫩茎的总黄酮、皂苷和多糖含量(P<0.05),增幅分别为6.8%、2.9%和15.1%。但3个处理芦笋嫩茎的氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。TF比TW和CK增加了芦笋的净经济效益,增幅分别为9966和12552元/hm^(2)。因此,芦笋喷施腐殖酸水溶肥值得进一步推广应用。

叶面喷施富硒水溶肥对水稻产量及稻米含硒量的影响

为探究叶面喷施富硒水溶肥对水稻产量及稻米含硒量的影响,以鄄城县引马镇为试验地,探讨了叶面喷施富硒水溶肥的不同方案对水稻产量及稻米含硒量的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施富硒水溶肥可显著提高水稻生长状况,包括株高、穗长、分蘖数、穗粒数和结实率,分别提高11.96%、9.11%、7.16%、6.27%和5.98%,为提高水稻产量提供了有效支持;同时,叶面喷施富硒水溶肥还显著提高了水稻的产量和稻米硒含量,处理组D在百粒质量和产量方面表现最佳,增幅分别为15.41%和22.84%。叶面喷施富硒水溶肥在水稻生产中具有明显促进作用,为农业生产提供了一种可行的施肥方式,具有广阔的应用前景。

Growth and Physiological Performance of Aerobic and Lowland Rice as Affected by Water Stress at Selected Growth Stages

Aerobic rice technology is still new in Malaysia, and information regarding MARDI Aerob 1(MA1), the first local aerobic rice variety, is still lacking. Therefore, comparative studies were carried out to determine the physiological performance of aerobic rice variety MA1 and lowland rice variety MR253 under water stress given at the panicle initiation, flowering and ripening stages. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design. Stomatal conductance(g_s), chlorophyll a fluorescence(F_v/F_m), leaf relative water content(leaf RWC), and soil moisture content(SMC) as well as yield component parameters such as panicle number, grain yield and 100-grain weight were measured. Results revealed that gs and leaf RWC for both varieties decreased with depletion of SMC. The correlation study between the physiological parameters and SMC indicated that F_v/F_m was not affected by water stress, regardless of varieties. The yield components(panicle number, grain yield and 100-grain weight) for both varieties greatly decreased when water stress was imposed at the panicle initiation stage. This study showed that the panicle initiation period was the most sensitive stage to water stress that contributed to a substantial reduction in yield for both varieties. Under the aerobic condition(control), MR253 produced higher panicle number, 100-grain weight and yield than MA1. Although MR253 is bred for lowland, it is well adapted to aerobic condition.

半干旱区春小麦水分与产量关系及其影响因素分析

水分是影响半干旱雨养作物生长、发育及产量形成最重要的环境因素。以中国西北半干旱区田间试验为基础,收集长期观测资料和文献数据,分析春小麦产量与水分之间的关系及其环境影响因素,揭示不同环境条件下春小麦水分限制特征和调控机制。研究表明:半干旱区常规管理水平下,雨养春小麦产量与水分间的关系相对稳定,然而播前土壤储水影响生育期降水与春小麦产量间的关系,不同播前土壤储水条件下,每增加1 mm降水量,春小麦产量的增加量分别为21.3 kg·hm^(-2)和16.8 kg·hm^(-2)。生育期大气干湿条件(潜在蒸发量与降水的差值)对播前土壤储水与春小麦产量间的关系也有影响,其中大气较为干燥时(潜在蒸发量与降水的差值大于425 mm),产量与土壤水分间关系斜率为22.9 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1),大气较为湿润时(潜在蒸发量与降水的差值小于425 mm),斜率为20.1 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1)。相较生育期降水,播前土壤储水对春小麦产量更具有决定性作用。半干旱雨养春小麦的气候年型由播前土壤储水和生育期大气干湿条件共同决定。增加播前土壤水分储量、在生育期的特定阶段灌溉均会改变小麦耗水量与产量之间的关系,并最终导致小麦水分利用效率发生变化。大气干湿条件和灌溉条件共同导致中国西北不同地区春小麦边界函数存在差异。

Evaluation of Tomato Genetic Resources for Response to Water Deficit

Water deficit strongly affects plant yield and quality. However, plants can minimize drought injury by adaptation mechanisms that have evolved to escape harmful conditions. The response to water deprivation is a complex trait controlled by several genes. In order to gain a deeper understanding of drought response mechanisms in tomato, a collection of 27 genotypes was studied under different water deficit conditions. Since developmental stages might be differently influenced by drought, analyses were carried out on young plantlets during fruit setting. The only genotype that showed good performances both as water retention and fruit production was the ecotype Siccagno. All the genotypes were analyzed at molecular level with the aim of detecting structural polymorphisms in selected stress-responsive genes. In addition, the expression level of a number of these genes was measured in the genotypes more tolerant to water deficit. Many polymorphisms were detected in six stress-responsive genes, and some could imply significant modifications in the protein structure. Furthermore, the expression analysis by RT-qPCR of three stress-responsive genes allowed arguing that a higher level of expression of the gene erd15 might be related to the better response to water deficit exhibited by Siccagno. Similarly, the lower expression of eight genes in the same genotype analysed through a microarray experiment confirmed the involvement of these stress-related genes in the tomato response to drought. Further investigations are required for a better comprehension of the mechanisms underlying response to water deficit in tomato by exploiting the genetic resource identified as more tolerant. The use of new technologies able to globally analyze structural polymorphism and expression level of genes will succeed to identify crucial genes involved in stress response in the ecotype Siccagno grown under different water regimes.

水肥耦合对设施番茄土壤水分、养分运移及产量和水分利用效率影响

【目的】探寻滴灌水肥耦合条件下温室水果番茄优质高效的最优水肥组合。【方法】设置灌水量和施肥量2因素3水平共9个处理,灌水量分别为W1(当地常规滴灌水量,4800 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W2(75%W1,3600 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W3(50%W1,2400 m^(3)/hm^(2)),施肥量分别为F1(高肥,7200 kg/hm^(2))、F2(中肥70%F1,5040 kg/hm^(2))、F3(低肥40%F1,2880 kg/hm^(2)),分析水肥耦合对番茄产量、水分利用效率、土壤水分及养分影响。【结果】施肥水平与灌水量交互效应对番茄水肥耦合的产量、土壤水分及养分产生显著影响。与W1F1处理相比,W2F2、W3F2处理产量降低16.26%和6.54%,但水分利用效率增加11.62%和66.56%。各处理0~20 cm土壤质量含水率随生育进程的推进呈波动递减趋势,变化范围在13.33%~24.53%之间;土壤剖面水分空间分布随灌水量和施肥量的减少在距离地面60 cm处出现水分聚集区,W2F2、W3F2处理平均土壤质量含水率为16.53%和16.84%。各处理土壤有机质量及速效养分生育后期较生长中期累积明显,相同灌水量下,根层土壤有机质及速效磷、速效钾量变化基本一致,均呈随施肥量的减少而减少变化趋势;相同施肥量下,适度减少灌水量有利于降低碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾向深层迁移,显著提高根区土壤养分。【结论】灌水量在2400~3600m^(3)/hm^(2)之间,施肥量为5040kg/hm^(2)(液体有机肥3600kg/hm^(2)、大量元素水溶肥1440kg/hm^(2))时,能够获得较高产量以及水分利用效率,同时有效提高根层养分量,降低养分淋失风险。

河北滨海盐碱地浅层轻度咸水资源冬小麦灌溉安全利用研究

河北滨海盐碱耕地缺少灌溉水资源,该区具有丰富的浅层微/轻度咸水资源,冬小麦生长关键期适当进行微/轻度咸水灌溉能够缓解该区农田灌溉危机。本文以河北省滨海盐碱地为研究对象,选择沧州市南大港产业园区马营村为试验基地,开展浅层轻度咸水冬小麦农田灌溉试验,分析咸水灌溉对冬小麦产量和土壤盐分含量变化的影响。结果表明:1)河北滨海盐碱地浅层轻度咸水(6 g∙L^(-1))在冬小麦拔节—抽穗期进行一次600 m^(3)∙hm^(-2)的灌溉,产量能够达到旱作冬小麦的1.5倍以上,增产效果明显。2)基于暗管排水排盐工程、在雨季保持多年平均降雨量条件下,2016—2018年雨季后试验地土壤平均含盐量分别为2.86 g∙kg^(-1)、1.60 g∙kg^(-1)和1.38 g∙kg^(-1),呈现逐年降低的趋势。由此得出:河北滨海盐碱地浅层咸水资源在冬小麦灌溉方面能够实现安全利用。在此基础上,以河北滨海沧州市为例分析浅层咸水资源利用前景,从水资源量上,1~5 g∙L^(-1)的浅层微/轻度咸水资源可以满足冬小麦农田因地下水压采限采造成的至少1.7×10^(8)m^(3)灌溉水量亏缺,从耕地资源方面,扩大一年两熟种植面积,增加冬小麦种植面积约131000 hm2。研究结果可为河北滨海盐碱地咸水资源安全利用、土壤健康和粮食安全提供科学依据。

不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响

【目的】研究不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响,为华北地区设施茄子精准节水灌溉和增产提供理论依据。【方法】以茄杂2号茄子品种为研究对象,以田间持水量(Field Capacity)为基准,分别设W 1:土壤含水量为50%~55%FC,W 2:土壤含水量为60%~65%FC,W 3:土壤含水量为70%~75%FC,W 4:土壤含水量为80%~85%FC,W 5:土壤含水量为90%~95%FC 5个处理,每个处理3次重复,研究5种不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】在不同土壤水分条件下,设施茄子的株高、茎粗随土壤含水量的增加呈现先增后减的变化趋势;设施茄子产量与灌水量呈二次函数关系Y(Y)=-3.2021X 2+1278.5X-26511(R 2=0.9943),W 4处理产量最高,为101029.91 kg/hm^(2);降低土壤含水量有利于可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、VC、可溶性蛋白含量的提高,同时也会导致硝酸盐含量的升高;设施茄子水分利用效率随着土壤含水量的减少而增加,产量最高的W 4处理水分利用效率为36.22 kg/m^(3),相比W 1处理虽然下降了13.14%,但产量却增加了54.55%。【结论】土壤含水量为80%~85%FC时茄子产量达到最大,为101029.91 kg/hm^(2),亚硝酸盐含量最低,为575.40 mg/kg,且水分利用效率相对较高,为36.22 kg/m^(3),是最适宜华北地区的设施茄子土壤水分管理。

膜下滴灌灌水控制下设施番茄品质和水分利用效率分析

以日光温室膜下滴灌方式种植的番茄品种“佳西娜”为研究对象,开展4个水分梯度的灌溉控制试验,对试验中番茄的根系生长情况和番茄果实进行采样并利用主成分分析法对番茄的产量、水分利用效率、主要品质因子进行综合分析,研究了不同灌溉水平对番茄生长生理参数、产量以及品质的影响,以期寻求设施番茄膜下滴灌调节下的最优灌溉制度。结果表明:番茄的主要根系吸水深度在0~60 cm且随着灌水量的降低,根长、根表面积、根体积降低。春、秋茬番茄全生育期充分灌水下的耗水量、产量、水分利用效率分别是297.56 mm、5.42 t·hm^(-2)、15.59 kg·m^(-3)和230.65 mm、2.97 t·hm^(-2)、8.77 kg·m^(-3),随着灌水量的减少,水分利用效率和品质呈上升趋势,而产量逐渐减少;综合考虑番茄的产量、水分利用效率、主要品质因子,日光温室膜下滴灌番茄的灌水量为55%ET_(0)时为最优灌水量。

黑水虻虫沙对普通白菜产量品质及土壤水溶性盐含量的影响

为明确黑水虻虫沙在蔬菜生产中的实际应用效果,采用盆栽方式,以不添加黑水虻虫沙为对照,研究添加不同比例黑水虻虫沙对普通白菜生长、产量、品质以及土壤肥力、水溶性盐含量的影响。结果表明:黑水虻虫沙施用量为2.5%、5.0%处理对普通白菜生长、产量总体上表现为促进作用;除施用量为2.5%外的其他处理VC、可溶性糖含量均显著低于对照,且硝酸盐含量显著高于对照。随着黑水虻虫沙施用量的增加,土壤p H值呈下降趋势,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和水溶性盐含量总体上均呈上升趋势。综合来看,本试验条件下2.5%黑水虻虫沙对普通白菜的施用效果最佳。