The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in...The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in the sustainable development of this system. The value of water conserved by the forest is influenced by natural, economic and social factors. In this paper, the water quality, per capita water resources, per capita GDP and population density are chosen as indices to construct an index system for a comprehensive evaluation of water resources value. The weights of these indices are 0.443, 0.31, 0.141 and 0.106 respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. The water resources value has been assessed by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that the water resources value in the Hani Rice Terraces System is 4.25 RMB/m^3. Evaluating the value of water resources in the Hani Rice Terraces System can provide a reference for ecological compensation, for raising public awareness of the importance of protecting the system, and ultimately achieving its sustainable development.展开更多
科学有效地预测水质对于水环境的可持续发展和人类健康具有重要意义,为此以固原市某黄河断面的水质监测数据为研究对象,提出了基于指标客观性的权重赋权(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)法和改进的秃鹰搜...科学有效地预测水质对于水环境的可持续发展和人类健康具有重要意义,为此以固原市某黄河断面的水质监测数据为研究对象,提出了基于指标客观性的权重赋权(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)法和改进的秃鹰搜索(Improved Bald Eagle Search,IBES)算法优化双向长短时记忆网络(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network,BiLSTM)的组合水质等级预测模型。首先,采用CRITIC法确定各水质指标的权重,加权求和获得一项综合水质指标,从而提出一种改进的水质评价指标体系,以为BiLSTM提供更丰富、更可靠的水质特征信息。其次,在训练过程中引入Logistic映射和莱维飞行策略,并设计交叉共享及准反向搜索策略优化秃鹰搜索(Bald Eagle Search,BES)算法,以提升其种群多样性,增强寻优能力。最后,通过IBES算法迭代寻找BiLSTM的最佳学习率、隐藏层节点数以及正则化系数的超参数组合,进一步提高其预测水平。结果显示:与IBES-BiLSTM、BES-BiLSTM、GA-BiLSTM、PSO-BiLSTM和BiLSTM等模型相比,CRITIC-IBES-BiLSTM模型进行水质等级预测的准确率、精准率、召回率及F_(1)均最高,且具有更好的稳定性。展开更多
水源涵养是生态系统的重要服务功能之一。识别水源涵养重要区对于制定水源保护规划,落实陆域-水域综合保护,防治水体污染,保障区域用水安全具有重要意义。以2008年四川都江堰市为研究范围,采用生态系统服务功能综合权衡工具-Integrated ...水源涵养是生态系统的重要服务功能之一。识别水源涵养重要区对于制定水源保护规划,落实陆域-水域综合保护,防治水体污染,保障区域用水安全具有重要意义。以2008年四川都江堰市为研究范围,采用生态系统服务功能综合权衡工具-Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)中的水源涵养模型对县域生态系统的水源涵养功能进行了空间制图,然后采用综合指数法将水源涵养功能与植被减洪能力和水源地保护区进行叠加计算水源涵养重要性指数。结果表明:尽管汶川地震导致都江堰市域部分地区水源涵养功能降低,但都江堰市水源涵养功能整体仍然较高,部分地区多年平均水源涵养量超过200mm/a。都江堰市的水源涵养极重要区面积为421km2,占全市总面积的34.9%,远大于目前县域的水源保护区面积,未来应进一步加强对这些极重要区的保护,以保证本市以及成都平原的供水安全。水域涵养功能及其重要性都存在较明显的空间分异,大致呈现由西北向东南减少的趋势,水源涵养重要性与水源功能的分布密切相关,但又不完全一致。因此,在县域尺度上采用服务功能空间化评估结果进行重要性评价能够比较精细地反映生态系统水源涵养重要性的空间差异。但该方法还需要将人类用水需求进行空间表达,与本文的方法进行结合,以更准确反映水源涵养重要性的空间分异。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Fund, China (Grant Nos. 31200376, 41201586)the CAS Visiting Professor-Ship for Senior International Scientists (Grant No. 2013T2Z0011)
文摘The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in the sustainable development of this system. The value of water conserved by the forest is influenced by natural, economic and social factors. In this paper, the water quality, per capita water resources, per capita GDP and population density are chosen as indices to construct an index system for a comprehensive evaluation of water resources value. The weights of these indices are 0.443, 0.31, 0.141 and 0.106 respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. The water resources value has been assessed by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that the water resources value in the Hani Rice Terraces System is 4.25 RMB/m^3. Evaluating the value of water resources in the Hani Rice Terraces System can provide a reference for ecological compensation, for raising public awareness of the importance of protecting the system, and ultimately achieving its sustainable development.
文摘科学有效地预测水质对于水环境的可持续发展和人类健康具有重要意义,为此以固原市某黄河断面的水质监测数据为研究对象,提出了基于指标客观性的权重赋权(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)法和改进的秃鹰搜索(Improved Bald Eagle Search,IBES)算法优化双向长短时记忆网络(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network,BiLSTM)的组合水质等级预测模型。首先,采用CRITIC法确定各水质指标的权重,加权求和获得一项综合水质指标,从而提出一种改进的水质评价指标体系,以为BiLSTM提供更丰富、更可靠的水质特征信息。其次,在训练过程中引入Logistic映射和莱维飞行策略,并设计交叉共享及准反向搜索策略优化秃鹰搜索(Bald Eagle Search,BES)算法,以提升其种群多样性,增强寻优能力。最后,通过IBES算法迭代寻找BiLSTM的最佳学习率、隐藏层节点数以及正则化系数的超参数组合,进一步提高其预测水平。结果显示:与IBES-BiLSTM、BES-BiLSTM、GA-BiLSTM、PSO-BiLSTM和BiLSTM等模型相比,CRITIC-IBES-BiLSTM模型进行水质等级预测的准确率、精准率、召回率及F_(1)均最高,且具有更好的稳定性。
文摘水源涵养是生态系统的重要服务功能之一。识别水源涵养重要区对于制定水源保护规划,落实陆域-水域综合保护,防治水体污染,保障区域用水安全具有重要意义。以2008年四川都江堰市为研究范围,采用生态系统服务功能综合权衡工具-Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)中的水源涵养模型对县域生态系统的水源涵养功能进行了空间制图,然后采用综合指数法将水源涵养功能与植被减洪能力和水源地保护区进行叠加计算水源涵养重要性指数。结果表明:尽管汶川地震导致都江堰市域部分地区水源涵养功能降低,但都江堰市水源涵养功能整体仍然较高,部分地区多年平均水源涵养量超过200mm/a。都江堰市的水源涵养极重要区面积为421km2,占全市总面积的34.9%,远大于目前县域的水源保护区面积,未来应进一步加强对这些极重要区的保护,以保证本市以及成都平原的供水安全。水域涵养功能及其重要性都存在较明显的空间分异,大致呈现由西北向东南减少的趋势,水源涵养重要性与水源功能的分布密切相关,但又不完全一致。因此,在县域尺度上采用服务功能空间化评估结果进行重要性评价能够比较精细地反映生态系统水源涵养重要性的空间差异。但该方法还需要将人类用水需求进行空间表达,与本文的方法进行结合,以更准确反映水源涵养重要性的空间分异。
