Under the vision of development for the new era,China has entered a stage of high-quality economic development and an important window period in which we have the conditions and ability to address the prominent issue ...Under the vision of development for the new era,China has entered a stage of high-quality economic development and an important window period in which we have the conditions and ability to address the prominent issue of economic development and ecological protection in a coordinated way.However,all kinds of environmental benchmark values in China are lacking and need to be constantly supplemented and improved.Therefore,exploring and putting forward a simple and efficient method for the transformation of environmental criteria into environmental standards is an important basis for the rapid establishment of relevant environmental criteria system and the effective promotion of the development of environmental standards system towards a scientific and reasonable direction.In this paper,the water environment is taken as the research object.By analyzing the research progress of environmental criteria and standards at home and abroad,and the foreign method of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards,combined with the problems faced in the process of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards in China,an effective method to transform China's environmental criteria into environmental standards is analyzed.After analysis and comparison,it is found that the pollution reduction accounting method could achieve their simple and efficient conversion.Under the premise of obtaining environmental criteria for certain pollutants,environmental criteria for certain pollutants could be obtained by distributing pollutants reduction costs,and accounting economic benefits after reaching standard,thus obtaining the environmental standard of this type of pollutant,which provides reference to determine the environmental standard limits of such pollutants.展开更多
Ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin are becoming part of the national strategy in recent years.The Yellow River Estuary has been seriously affected by human activities.Especial...Ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin are becoming part of the national strategy in recent years.The Yellow River Estuary has been seriously affected by human activities.Especially,it has been severely polluted by the nitrogen and phosphorus from land sources,which have caused serious eutrophication and harmful algal blooms.Nutrient criteria,however,was not developed for the Yellow River Estuary,which hindered nutrient management measures and eutrophication risk assessment in this key ecological function zone of China.Based on field data during 2004-2019,we adopted the frequency distribution method,correlation analysis,Linear Regression Model(LRM),Classification and Regression Tree(CART)and Nonparametric Changepoint Analysis(nCPA)methods to establish the nutrient criteria for the adjacent waters of Yellow River Estuary.The water quality criteria of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP)are recommended as 244.0μg L^(−1) and 22.4μg L^(−1),respectively.It is hoped that the results will provide scientific basis for the formulation of nutrient standards in this important estuary of China.展开更多
抗生素彻底改变了兽医学和人类医学,被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学发现之一,然而由于其环境持久性和耐药性,它已成为人们普遍关注的新污染物之一。本文在中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方和Web of S cience...抗生素彻底改变了兽医学和人类医学,被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学发现之一,然而由于其环境持久性和耐药性,它已成为人们普遍关注的新污染物之一。本文在中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方和Web of S cience数据库进行系统检索,收集了2023年12月31日前发表的23篇抗生素水质基准相关文献,在此基础上,明确了抗生素水质基准的研究概况,对比了抗生素基准推导结果及所用毒性数据,提出了今后研究的方向及注意事项。主要研究结论如下:在研究对象方面,已推导出淡水生物水质基准的抗生素共计34种,仍有80.00%以上的抗生素待开展相关研究,建议将阿奇霉素、克拉霉素和洛美沙星作为后续研究的首要对象。在推导方法方面,使用物种敏感度分布法(species sensitivity distribution method,SSD法)和评价因子法(assessment factor method,AF法)进行抗生素水质基准推导的频率最高,分别为48.78%和33.33%,基于SSD法和毒性百分数排序法(toxicity percentage ranking method,TPR法)得到的抗生素水质基准值较为接近,建议优先选择SSD法。在毒性数据方面,藻类、无脊椎动物和鱼类是最常用于抗生素毒性测试的3类水生生物,但是在水生生物短期水质基准(short-term water quality criteria,SWQC)推导时使用鱼类毒性数据的频率较长期水质基准(long-term water quality criteria,LWQC)少,LWQC推导时使用的无脊椎动物毒性数据量明显少于推导SWQC,建议加强鱼类的急性毒性研究和无脊椎动物的慢性毒性研究。展开更多
科学有效地预测水质对于水环境的可持续发展和人类健康具有重要意义,为此以固原市某黄河断面的水质监测数据为研究对象,提出了基于指标客观性的权重赋权(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)法和改进的秃鹰搜...科学有效地预测水质对于水环境的可持续发展和人类健康具有重要意义,为此以固原市某黄河断面的水质监测数据为研究对象,提出了基于指标客观性的权重赋权(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)法和改进的秃鹰搜索(Improved Bald Eagle Search,IBES)算法优化双向长短时记忆网络(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network,BiLSTM)的组合水质等级预测模型。首先,采用CRITIC法确定各水质指标的权重,加权求和获得一项综合水质指标,从而提出一种改进的水质评价指标体系,以为BiLSTM提供更丰富、更可靠的水质特征信息。其次,在训练过程中引入Logistic映射和莱维飞行策略,并设计交叉共享及准反向搜索策略优化秃鹰搜索(Bald Eagle Search,BES)算法,以提升其种群多样性,增强寻优能力。最后,通过IBES算法迭代寻找BiLSTM的最佳学习率、隐藏层节点数以及正则化系数的超参数组合,进一步提高其预测水平。结果显示:与IBES-BiLSTM、BES-BiLSTM、GA-BiLSTM、PSO-BiLSTM和BiLSTM等模型相比,CRITIC-IBES-BiLSTM模型进行水质等级预测的准确率、精准率、召回率及F_(1)均最高,且具有更好的稳定性。展开更多
Constructed wetlands are engineered structures designed to simulate processes of natural wetlands to mitigate anthropogenic organic and inorganic materials to shelter soil and water resources. This review focuses on t...Constructed wetlands are engineered structures designed to simulate processes of natural wetlands to mitigate anthropogenic organic and inorganic materials to shelter soil and water resources. This review focuses on the global interest in constructed wetland application to sustain soil health and water quality and water abundance. Engineering criterion remains a function of nutrient chemistry and load with suitability factors including the local soil and hydrogeology constraints, climate, vegetation selection, the degree of required influent improvement, and reactor types and sizes. Future research needs to focus on: 1) reactor designs criteria, 2) the biology of the microbial community, 3) selection criteria for native vegetation, and 4) criteria to reapply treated water to foster land productivity, especially for region’s experiencing water deficiencies.展开更多
基金Supported by Research on Water Quality Criteria for Aquatic Organism Protection and Water Quality Standards for Optimal Control of Pollutants in the Baiyangdian Basin(20374204D).
文摘Under the vision of development for the new era,China has entered a stage of high-quality economic development and an important window period in which we have the conditions and ability to address the prominent issue of economic development and ecological protection in a coordinated way.However,all kinds of environmental benchmark values in China are lacking and need to be constantly supplemented and improved.Therefore,exploring and putting forward a simple and efficient method for the transformation of environmental criteria into environmental standards is an important basis for the rapid establishment of relevant environmental criteria system and the effective promotion of the development of environmental standards system towards a scientific and reasonable direction.In this paper,the water environment is taken as the research object.By analyzing the research progress of environmental criteria and standards at home and abroad,and the foreign method of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards,combined with the problems faced in the process of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards in China,an effective method to transform China's environmental criteria into environmental standards is analyzed.After analysis and comparison,it is found that the pollution reduction accounting method could achieve their simple and efficient conversion.Under the premise of obtaining environmental criteria for certain pollutants,environmental criteria for certain pollutants could be obtained by distributing pollutants reduction costs,and accounting economic benefits after reaching standard,thus obtaining the environmental standard of this type of pollutant,which provides reference to determine the environmental standard limits of such pollutants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1407601).
文摘Ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin are becoming part of the national strategy in recent years.The Yellow River Estuary has been seriously affected by human activities.Especially,it has been severely polluted by the nitrogen and phosphorus from land sources,which have caused serious eutrophication and harmful algal blooms.Nutrient criteria,however,was not developed for the Yellow River Estuary,which hindered nutrient management measures and eutrophication risk assessment in this key ecological function zone of China.Based on field data during 2004-2019,we adopted the frequency distribution method,correlation analysis,Linear Regression Model(LRM),Classification and Regression Tree(CART)and Nonparametric Changepoint Analysis(nCPA)methods to establish the nutrient criteria for the adjacent waters of Yellow River Estuary.The water quality criteria of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP)are recommended as 244.0μg L^(−1) and 22.4μg L^(−1),respectively.It is hoped that the results will provide scientific basis for the formulation of nutrient standards in this important estuary of China.
文摘抗生素彻底改变了兽医学和人类医学,被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学发现之一,然而由于其环境持久性和耐药性,它已成为人们普遍关注的新污染物之一。本文在中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方和Web of S cience数据库进行系统检索,收集了2023年12月31日前发表的23篇抗生素水质基准相关文献,在此基础上,明确了抗生素水质基准的研究概况,对比了抗生素基准推导结果及所用毒性数据,提出了今后研究的方向及注意事项。主要研究结论如下:在研究对象方面,已推导出淡水生物水质基准的抗生素共计34种,仍有80.00%以上的抗生素待开展相关研究,建议将阿奇霉素、克拉霉素和洛美沙星作为后续研究的首要对象。在推导方法方面,使用物种敏感度分布法(species sensitivity distribution method,SSD法)和评价因子法(assessment factor method,AF法)进行抗生素水质基准推导的频率最高,分别为48.78%和33.33%,基于SSD法和毒性百分数排序法(toxicity percentage ranking method,TPR法)得到的抗生素水质基准值较为接近,建议优先选择SSD法。在毒性数据方面,藻类、无脊椎动物和鱼类是最常用于抗生素毒性测试的3类水生生物,但是在水生生物短期水质基准(short-term water quality criteria,SWQC)推导时使用鱼类毒性数据的频率较长期水质基准(long-term water quality criteria,LWQC)少,LWQC推导时使用的无脊椎动物毒性数据量明显少于推导SWQC,建议加强鱼类的急性毒性研究和无脊椎动物的慢性毒性研究。
文摘科学有效地预测水质对于水环境的可持续发展和人类健康具有重要意义,为此以固原市某黄河断面的水质监测数据为研究对象,提出了基于指标客观性的权重赋权(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)法和改进的秃鹰搜索(Improved Bald Eagle Search,IBES)算法优化双向长短时记忆网络(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network,BiLSTM)的组合水质等级预测模型。首先,采用CRITIC法确定各水质指标的权重,加权求和获得一项综合水质指标,从而提出一种改进的水质评价指标体系,以为BiLSTM提供更丰富、更可靠的水质特征信息。其次,在训练过程中引入Logistic映射和莱维飞行策略,并设计交叉共享及准反向搜索策略优化秃鹰搜索(Bald Eagle Search,BES)算法,以提升其种群多样性,增强寻优能力。最后,通过IBES算法迭代寻找BiLSTM的最佳学习率、隐藏层节点数以及正则化系数的超参数组合,进一步提高其预测水平。结果显示:与IBES-BiLSTM、BES-BiLSTM、GA-BiLSTM、PSO-BiLSTM和BiLSTM等模型相比,CRITIC-IBES-BiLSTM模型进行水质等级预测的准确率、精准率、召回率及F_(1)均最高,且具有更好的稳定性。
文摘Constructed wetlands are engineered structures designed to simulate processes of natural wetlands to mitigate anthropogenic organic and inorganic materials to shelter soil and water resources. This review focuses on the global interest in constructed wetland application to sustain soil health and water quality and water abundance. Engineering criterion remains a function of nutrient chemistry and load with suitability factors including the local soil and hydrogeology constraints, climate, vegetation selection, the degree of required influent improvement, and reactor types and sizes. Future research needs to focus on: 1) reactor designs criteria, 2) the biology of the microbial community, 3) selection criteria for native vegetation, and 4) criteria to reapply treated water to foster land productivity, especially for region’s experiencing water deficiencies.
