Sample investigation and evaluation of the water quality in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city

To investigate the water quality of sampling in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in the five districts of Foshan city, and use the environmental pollution index to evaluate the condition of water quality. The results indicated that water temperature and pH of aquaculture ponds cound meet the requirements of fish normal growth,and dissolved oxygen was rich, but the water quality was over fertilized generally. In 20 investigation spots of the five districts, the content of CODCr, NH4^＋-N and TP exceeded 90%, 30% and 85% respectively. The pollution degrees of the water quality from high to low in aquaculture ponds were Chancheng district,Nanhai district, Sanshui district, Shunde district, Gaoming district. The comprehensive quality index of aquaculture ponds was 1.44 in Foshan city, the water quality was polluted severly as a whole. The share rate of pollution load of TP was the highest, the second were CODCr and NH4^＋-N. On the whole, the pollution of organic matter was very prominent in the water quality of aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city that had been eutrophicated.

Investigation and Evaluation on Water Environment Quality of Xiawan Reservoir and Its Adjacent Waters in Zhaoqing

Town Planning Board of Zhaoqing passed the Planning and Design of Xiawan Urban Wetland Park in Zhaoqing City in 2012,and Xiawan Reservoir,located at the junction of Duanzhou District and Dinghu District,would be built into a wetland park at that time.To understand water quality status near the wetland park,according to relevant requirements of the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment:Surface Water Environment(HJ/T 2.3-93),the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002),and the Technical Specification for Environmental Monitoring issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration,Xiawan Reservoir,Houlichong and the Xijiang River were investigated,monitored and evaluated.

Comprehensive Evaluation on the Irrigation Water Quality in Turpan City Based on Matter Element Analysis Method

Matter-element analysis method was used to construct the comprehensive matter-element model for the evaluation of the quality of various kinds of irrigation water in Turpan City to evaluate the quality of irrigation water（such as river water,spring water, Karez well water, pumped well water） in Turpan City, Xinjiang. The results showed that the quality of the irrigation water was the best in October,which was in Grade I or Grade 2; in May, the quality of some of the irrigation water became poorer to Grade II, which was easy to soil salinization; in March, the detected qualities of the water samples water from the Meiyaogou basin were all in Grade IV, which was not suitable for farmland irrigation. The comparison on the evaluation results of matter-element analysis and fuzzy evaluation method showed that the results of the 2 methods were almost consistent with each other, and showed good uniformity.

Water Quality Evaluation and Analysis on the Causes of Pollution for Groundwater Sources in Yantai, China

Based on the investigation for the 14 groundwater sources, the water quality of the groundwater sources had been analyzed, using the evaluation method of the combination of inorganic and organic index instead of the traditional method which was only based on inorganic index. The results showed that the quality of 12 groundwater sources satisfied class III standard of groundwater quality and other two exceeded class III standard. There were one groundwater source, whose water quality reached class 1 standard, and five groundwater sources, whose water quality reached class II standard. There were seven groundwater sources, in which the fluorine, an organic pollutant, was detected. The results showed that the groundwater resources in Yantai City were less polluted and the main pollutant in groundwater was nitrate. According to the analytical data and the environmental conditions of groundwater sources, the conclusion was drawn that the agriculture and rural non-point pollution were the main reasons of groundwater pollution.

The Effect of Land Use Change on Soil and Water Quality in Northern Iran

Rapid urbanization has led to extensive land-use changes,particularly in developing countries.This research is aimed to investigate the role of land use and its effect on soil and water quality in Ziarat watershed focusing on four land uses:forest,pasture,cultivated and urban development.Soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-30 cm on each land use and were analyzed by completely randomized split-plot design in two geographical directions.Results showed that bulk density(BD),electrical conductivity(EC),pH,calcium carbonate equivalent(CCE),and soil particle density(DS) of the soil samples in pastures,cultivated and urban areas increased and the mean weight diameter(MWD),soil porosity(F),organic carbons(OC),total nitrogen(TN),exchangeable cations(Ca 2+,Mg 2+,K +,Na +),cation exchange capacity(CEC) and soil microbial respirations(SMR) decreased,respectively in comparison with the forest soils.For water quality evaluations,sodium adsorption ratio(SAR),electrical conductivity(EC),pH,total dissolved solids(TDS),bicarbonate(HCO 3),chloride(Cl),total hardness(TH),calcium(Ca 2+),potassium(K +),sodium(Na +) and magnesium(Mg 2+) were investigated in two areas:Nahrkhoran and Abgir stations.Results showed that the concentration of TDS,EC and HCO 3 in Naharkhoran station is higher than that in Abgir station.On the other hand,the concentration of TDS,EC and HCO 3 in Abgir station are the relatively higher due to its location.Total hardness had the same trend during the study years except in the last three years;however,TH showed an increase of 25% TH in Naharkhoran for the last two years.Cl,K + and SAR in Naharkhoran station increased by 61%,22%,78% and 56% respectively,in comparison with Abgir station.This study demonstrated that the trend of soil degradation and mismanagement of land use may increase the frequency of urban floods and human health problems.

Feasibility Analysis of MERIS as a Tool for Monitoring Lake Guiers (Senegal) Water Quality

ENVISAT/MERIS scenes of Lake Guiers covering the period 2003-2010 were processed for concentration retrieval of chlorophyll a (CHLa), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and colored fraction of dissolved organic matter (CDOM), i.e. the three main parameters relevant to the water quality management of the lake. Estimates in the range of 30 - 117 μg CHLa L-1 (average 62.13 μg·L-1), 0.10 - 29.0 mg SPM L-1 (average 22.01 mg·L-1), and 1.10 - 1.90 CDOM m-1 (average 1.33 m-1) were recorded, suggesting the possibility of occasional poor quality waters in some compartments of the lake. The values calculated as part of this study are consistent with literature data. On the basis of these estimates, interpretations were made as to the feasibility of applying MERIS data for synoptic environmental monitoring purposes. The data were subjected to statistical analysis, including regression analysis and significance tests. Estimates of CHLa and CDOM revealed some level of correlation, which suggests that phytoplankton biomass degradation may account for nearly 47% of the dissolved optical compounds CDOM. Notable areas of high CHLa and CDOM concentrations are found in the southern inshore zone, an environment with less water agitation. In contrast, SPM concentrations tend to increase in environments of very shallow water marked by high water turbulence and bottom mobility. However, it was not possible to fully assess the model performance and detection accuracy of the results due to lack of ground truths. Nonetheless, the results show concentrations that compared well with the insitu data from earlier studies and data reported elsewhere from other lacustrine systems. Therefore, it can be inferred from this study that MERIS data present a useful low-cost (i.e. cost effective and readily available) approach for environmental monitoring of Lake Guiers waters with excellent spatial coverage. In addition, the study highlighted the minimal effect of the so-called “bottom effect” on model predictions, despite the small depth of the lake.

Water quality evaluation based on improved fuzzy matter-element method

For natural water, method of water quality evaluation based on improved fuzzy matter-element evaluation method is presented. Two important parts are improved, the weights determining and fuzzy membership functions. The coefficient of variation of each indicator is used to determine the weight instead of traditional calculating superscales method. On the other hand, fuzzy matter-elements are constructed, and normal membership degrees are used instead of traditional trapezoidal ones. The composite fuzzy matter-elements with associated coefficient are constructed through associated transformation. The levels of natural water quality are determined according to the principle of maximum correlation. The improved fuzzy matter-element evaluation method is applied to evaluate water quality of the Luokou mainstream estuary at the first ten weeks in 2011 with the coefficient of variatiola method determining the weights. Water quality of Luokou mainstream estuary is dropping from level I to level II. The results of the improved evaluation method are basically the same as the official water quality. The variation coefficient method can reduce the workload, and overcome the adverse effects from abnormal values, compared with the traditional calculating superscales method. The results of improved fuzzy matter- element evaluation method are more credible than the ones of the traditional evaluation method. The improved evaluation method can use information of monitoring data more scientifically and comprehensively, and broaden a new evaluation method for water quality assessment.

鄱阳湖南昌湖区典型断面总磷超标成因

以南矶山国家控制断面及其汇入区域为研究对象,通过水环境因子和沉积物现场调查,分析水体TP超标现象,探究其影响因素.结果表明,研究区域表层水TP超标现象主要发生在枯水期和退水期,超标倍数分别为3.06倍和2.78倍;且TP与溶解性有机物(DOM)、浊度显著相关.三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)区域积分法和平行因子分析(PARAFAC)结果发现,该区域水体DOM为3个组分,其中以富里酸等类腐殖质物质(组分C1和C2、分区Ⅲ)为主,主要来源为湿地植物枯落物降解,在枯水期占比最高(55.47%).涨水期受汇入支流及周边碟形湖等外源输入影响,类蛋白质物质(组分C3和分区I)占比升高至35%以上;TP与腐殖质类有机物呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与蛋白质类有机物呈显著负相关(P<0.05),表明TP与腐殖质类有机物具有共源性.TP与浊度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),枯水期水体浊度最高(均值为320.83NTU),该时期南矶山断面汇入支流及碟形湖来水均断流;调研发现表层沉积物底质为粉砂质,以细组分为主,中值粒径DX(50)属于细粉砂质(2~16μm);分选系数范围为2.11~2.75,分选性差;沉积物样品多位于底边悬浮和均匀悬浮搬运区,搬运能力弱;沉积水动力弱,再悬浮后颗粒物不易沉积,造成浊度较高.0~5cm表层沉积物TP平均含量较高(527.89mg/Kg),泥-水界面P向上覆水释放,其中断面的P释放通量最大(0.21mg/(m2·d));表层沉积物是断面水体TP浓度的重要影响因素之一.

基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的渭河河流健康评价

河流健康评估为河流可持续发展提供了依据,渭河作为黄河的一级支流,其生态健康对于黄河高质量发展具有重要意义。为全面评价渭河流域的健康状况,选取物理栖息地状况、水质状况及水生生物状况3个准则、11个指标,建立渭河生态健康评价标准,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定权重,结合最大隶属度原则对渭河流域进行多级模糊评价。结果表明,25个点位中有8个处于健康水平,13个处于亚健康水平,4个处于不健康水平,渭河综合健康评价结果为亚健康。渭河源头、宝鸡至西安段河流生态健康状况较好,天水至宝鸡段及下游河段生态健康较差,不健康的点主要集中在下游,表现出显著的空间差异。物理栖息地、水质及水生生物的评价结果分别为亚健康、健康、亚健康,物理栖息地与水生生物状况是影响河流生态系统健康的关键,主要受人为活动以及自然环境的影响。针对特定河段需要采取相应措施恢复生态健康。

城市水体水生生物群落结构分析——以苏州工业园区为例

为评价苏州工业园区水生生物多样性及水生态环境现状,于2022年11月(秋季)与2023年5月(春季)开展苏州工业园区辖区内阳澄湖及周边河湖春、秋季水生生物种群结构和资源状况调查。结果表明,该区域共鉴定出浮游植物7门89种,浮游动物4大类95种,底栖动物3大类59种;春季各调查点位浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物密度平均值分别为11.48×10^(6) cell/L,2505.98 ind./L,566.95 ind./m^(2),均大于秋季(5.13×10^(6) cell/L,1237.74 ind./L,382.48 ind./m^(2));春季各调查点位浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物生物量均值分别为5.48,1.11 mg/L,461.31 g/m^(2),同样均高于秋季(1.27,0.99 mg/L,190.21 g/m^(2))。香农维纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数(H′)和皮耶罗(Pielou)均匀度指数(J)结果表明,园区水生生物多样性处于较好至丰富,种间个体分布均匀度处于良好至优秀水平,其中秋季浮游植物和底栖动物的多样性指数较春季有较大降低。总体而言,由于沉水植物分布、温度差异等原因,园区水生生物分布呈现出一定的时空差异;部分水域呈现出一定程度的富营养化,仍需进一步强化监测预警。

矿坑湖健康评价与对策分析——以茂名市好心湖为例

为了解典型矿坑湖的健康状况,以茂名市好心湖为研究对象,构建了“盆”“水”、生物、社会服务功能4个准则层共计19项指标的健康评价指标体系,通过资料收集及现场调查,开展健康评价。评价结果显示,该矿坑湖为二类河湖,处于健康状态。针对矿坑湖水体呈酸性、水生动物物种多样差、水生植物覆盖率偏低及局部岸坡欠稳定等主要健康问题,提出了相应治理对策,可为矿坑湖生态治理与恢复提供参考借鉴。

Rice Cultivation under Film Mulching Can Improve Soil Environment and Be Beneficial for Rice Production in China

Rice cultivation under film mulching is an integrated management technology that can conserve water, increase soil temperature, improve yield, and enhance water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Despite these advantages, the system does have its drawbacks, such as soil organic matter reduction and microplastic pollution, which impede the widespread adoption of film mulching cultivation in China. Nonetheless, the advent of degradable film, controlled-release fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and film mulching machinery is promoting the development of rice film mulching cultivation. This review outlines the impact of rice cultivation under film mulching on soil moisture, soil temperature, soil fertility, greenhouse gas emissions, weed control, and disease and pest management. It also elucidates the mechanism of changes in rice growth, yield and quality, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency. This paper incorporates a review of published research articles and discusses some uncertainties and shortcomings associated with rice cultivation under film mulching. Consequently, prospective research directions for the technology of rice film mulching cultivation are outlined, and recommendations for future research into rice cultivation under film mulching are proposed.

改进物元可拓法评价地下水的水质——以山东省枣庄市薛城区西部为例

为了准确评价山东省枣庄市薛城区西部浅层地下水的水质状况,采集11组地下水样,综合使用数理统计分析与图解法探究研究区地下水的化学组分来源及特征,引入方差最大化原理改进物元可拓法评价研究区地下水的水质,并与模糊综合评价法进行对比。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水以微咸水和淡水为主,离子含量从高到低的顺序为HCO_(3)^(-)、 SO_(4)^(2-)、 Ca^(2+)、 Cl^(-)、 Na^(+)、 Mg^(2+)、 K^(+),地下水主要类型是SO_(4)-Ca型;氯碱指数显示研究区存在正向与负向阳离子交换作用;研究区北部水质状况良好,南部水质较差;改进物元可拓评价法比模糊综合评价方法评价更能反映研究区的地下水质真实情况。

海州湾主要入海口水质评价和分析

本文根据2022年海州湾主要入海口的监测结果,多方面评价了入海口的水质情况,并研究了各监测因子间的相关性。结果表明,2022年海州湾入海口水质超过第二类海水水质标准,富营养化程度高,有机污染情况较为严重;汛期入海口水质明显低于其他时期,主要受陆源输入的影响。

掺混劣质原油对电脱盐污水水质特征的影响

劣质原油掺炼是提升炼油企业成本效益的有效策略,但对其电脱盐污水水质的影响仍鲜有报道。实验以沙特原油为大宗原油,纳波重质原油为劣质掺混原油,研究掺混比分别为0、25%、50%和100%时电脱盐污水的水质特征。结果表明不同掺混比条件下电脱盐污水的主要极性有机物均为脂类(24.5%~44.4%)、脂肪族类(17.2%~37.5%)和木质素/富羧基脂环分子结构化合物(24.2%~56.8%),主要非/弱极性有机物为酚类(12.4%~33.2%)和含氮化合物(11.2%~21.8%)。电脱盐污水COD、总油、电导率、总氮和NH4+-N的浓度与纳波重质原油掺混比呈正相关。纳波重质原油掺混促进含氮非/弱极性化合物和O3S1类极性化合物的溶解,含量高于纳波重质原油和沙特原油电脱盐污水。

上海青草沙水库水质调查与评价

分别从常规理化指标、有机物指标、藻类和营养盐指标4个方面对上海新水源地青草沙水库进行水质调查,并采用水污染指数法对其进行水质评价.结果表明,各指标变化均与水中藻类生长有关.包括总氮评价时,5号点水质为劣Ⅴ类,水库水质整体为Ⅳ类;不包括总氮评价时,5号点水质在Ⅲ类以上,3号点水质在Ⅱ类以上,水库水质整体为Ⅱ类.青草沙水库水质满足作为饮用水水源的要求.

强化混凝与优化混凝:必要性、研究进展和发展方向

混凝是一个恒久的话题,一个引人入胜的课题,一个亟待解决的难题.水质的急剧恶化与科学技术的日趋发展,对混凝研究提出了严峻的挑战,而同时也给研究以一定的发展机遇.在简略地回顾混凝研究历史的基础上,对水体颗粒物、无机高分子絮凝剂、混凝作用机理以及混凝工艺研究的进展进行了概括性介绍.重点论述了强化混凝/优化混凝的必要性与目标.并进一步对若干主要研究进展与发展方向加以评述.

不同施肥处理下土壤水溶性有机碳含量及其组成特征的研究

长期不同施肥处理下 ,土壤水溶性有机碳 (WSOC)含量范围为 3 2 1～ 45 5mgkg- 1,大小顺序为NPK +4 5 0 0kg稻草 >NPK +2 2 5 0kg稻草 >对照 >NPK ;WSOC占土壤总有机碳 (TOC)百分比的范围为0 1 5 %～ 0 1 9% ,大小顺序为NPK +4 5 0 0kg稻草≈对照 >NPK +2 2 5 0kg稻草 >NPK。土壤中WSOC的含量与TOC、微生物生物量碳 (SMBC)的含量都呈显著性正相关。13C核磁共振 ( 13C NMR)的研究结果表明 ,WSOC都主要是由碳水化合物C、羧基C和长链脂肪C组成。不同施肥处理下 ,WSOC和SMBC占TOC百分比的变异系数 (CV)都小于它们在土壤中绝对含量的变异系数 ,且WSOC/TOC的变异系数大于SMBC/TOC。WSOC/TOC是反映不同施肥处理下土壤有机质质量的一个较好指标。

洋山深水港海域水质变化趋势分析及富营养化评价

为阐明港口建设及外来船舶增加对洋山深水港海域水环境特征的影响,系统分析了2010年洋山深水港大洋山、小洋山海域两个监测点水环境因子的周年变化,采用单因子标准指数评价法、多参数水质综合评价法、营养状态质量指数法、富营养指数法和有机污染评价指数法分别对其水质现状进行了评价,同时分析了各站点Si∶N∶P比和潜在性富营养化程度。富营养化状态质量指数(NQ)I值在1.95～3.72范围内,平均值为2.67,属中营养型;营养指数(E)I值在8.63～72.05之间,平均值为34.01,属富营养型;有机污染指数(A)值在1.89～4.10之间,平均值为2.91,属轻度污染;潜在性富营养化评价结果显示,洋山深水港海域全年无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(PO43--P)及活性硅酸盐(SiO32--S)i的平均浓度分别为40.71μmol/L、1.94μmol/L、37.86μmol/L,Si∶N、Si∶P和N∶P的比值分别为0.94、21.76和23.30,其中PO43--P含量相对不足,为潜在限制性因子。因此,综合考虑海水评价要素,采用多种方法对调查海域进行评价,将更为科学。

不同水体中溶解有机物的荧光光谱特性研究

用激光诱导荧光(laserinducedfluorescence,LIF)方法对几种不同水体中溶解有机物(dissolvedorganicmatter,DOM)的荧光光谱进行了测量和分析,给出了不同浓度腐殖酸的归一化荧光强度与浓度的关系。结果表明,可用此种方法进行有效的水体质量监测。