Crop water stress index for off-season greenhouse green peppers in Liaoning, China

The crop water stress index(CWSI)is a complex instrument to effectively monitor the degree of water stress of crops and provides guidance for timely irrigation.In an experiment utilizing the CWSI with off-season green peppers planted in barrels in a greenhouse in Liaoning Province,Northeast China,this study monitors the sub-indexes--such as canopy temperature,environmental factors and yield--determines the changing law of each constituent,achieves an empirical model as well as a baseline formula for the canopy temperature of the peppers with a sufficient water supply,and verifies the rationality of the formula with corresponding experimental data.The results obtained by using the CWSI show that the optimal time to determine the water deficit for off-season green peppers is at noon,by measuring the diurnal variation in the peppers with different water supplies.There is a nonlinear relationship between the yield and the average CWSI at the prime fruit-bearing period;moreover,the optimal time to supply water for off-season green peppers comes when the average water stress index ranges between 0.2 and 0.4 during the prime fruiting stage,thereby ensuring a high yield.

A method for canopy water content estimation for highly vegetated surfaces-shortwave infrared perpendicular water stress index

In this paper, a new method for canopy water content (FMC) estimation for highly vegetated surfaces- shortwave infrared perpendicular water stress index (SPSI) is developed using NIR, SWIR wavelengths of Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) on the basis of spectral features and distribution of surface targets with different water conditions in NIR-SWIR spectral space. The developed method is further explored with radiative transfer simulations using PROSPECT, Lillesaeter, SailH and 6S. It is evident from the results of validation derived from satellite synchronous field measurements that SPSI is highly correlated with FMC, coefficient of determination (R squared) and root mean square error are 0.79 and 26.41%. The paper concludes that SPSI has a potential in vegetation water content estimation in terms of FMC.

Assessment of Photochemical Reflectance Index as a Tool for Evaluation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Cotton and Peanut Cultivars Under Water Stress Condition

The relationships between photochemical reflectance index （PRI） and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were examined to assess suitability of PRI as a remote-sensing tool for the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using cotton and peanut crops under water stress condition. Five cotton and six peanut cultivars were grown using Andosole soil in pots maintained at two water levels; the control and water stress treatment （WS） of 100 and 50% of the daily transpiration, respectively. Higher non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） was exhibited by peanut than that of cotton by the water stress. On the other hand, the decreases of the actual quantum yield of photosystem II （△F/F＇m） and PRI by the water stress in cotton were larger than those in peanut. There were positively significant correlation coefficients between PRI and △F/F＇m in cotton at noon and in the afternoon including the control and WS. The correlations of PRI with NPQ were negatively significant at noon and in the afternoon for cotton, and in the afternoon for peanut. No clear relationship was found among these parameters in the morning probably due to the diurnal increase in global solar radiation. It was concluded that there would be a possibility to detect the effects of water stress on △F/F＇m and NPQ by PRI with some exceptions, although PRI could not note varietals differences in △F/F＇m and NPQ for each treatment.

The driving force of water resource stress change based on the STIRPAT model:take Zhangye City as a case study

A prominent contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has restricted local development in social and economic aspects of Zhangye City,located in a typical arid region of China.Our study quantified the Water Resource Stress Index(WRSI)from 2003 to 2017 and examined the factors of population,urbanization level,GDP per capita,Engel coefficient,and water consumption per unit of GDP by using the extended stochastic impact by regression on population,affluence and technology(STIRPAT)model to find the key factors that impact WRSI of Zhangye City to relieve the pressure on water resources.The ridge regression method is applied to improve this model to eliminate multicollinearity problems.The WRSI system was developed from the following three aspects:water resources utilization(WR),regional economic development water use(WU),and water environment stress(WE).Results show that the WRSI index has fallen from 0.81(2003)to 0.17(2017),with an average annual decreased rate of 9.8%.Moreover,the absolute values of normalized coefficients demonstrate that the Engel coefficient has the largest positive contribution to increase WRSI with an elastic coefficient of 0.2709,followed by water consumption per unit of GDP and population with elastic coefficients of 0.0971 and 0.0387,respectively.In contrast,the urbanization level and GDP per capita can decrease WRSI by−0.2449 and−0.089,respectively.The decline of WRSI was attributed to water-saving society construction which included the improvement of water saving technology and the adjustment of agricultural planting structures.Furthermore,this study demonstrated the feasibility of evaluating the driving forces affecting WRSI by using the STIRPAT model and ridge regression analysis.

Effect of water stress at different periods on seed yield and water use efficiency of guar under Shambat conditions

Water stress effects on seed yield and water use efficiency of three indeterminate guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) lines (L12, L18 and L33) were investigated in the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum for two seasons (2005 and 2006). The guar lines were subjected to water stress induced by withholding irrigation for three weeks. Three water stress treatments were imposed 35, 50 and 65 days after sowing (DAS), and a control treatment irrigated every two weeks. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications;with water regime treatments assigned to the main plots and guar lines to the subplots. Data were recorded on seed yield (t.ha–1), number of pods per plant, 1000- seed weight (g), harvest index (HI) and water use efficiency at harvest. The results indicated that exposure of several cultivars of guar to water stress at the three stages of growth didn’t induce any significant effect on number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield and water use efficiency (WUE). On the other hand there was significant reduction in harvest index as a result of imposition of water stress at 35 and 50 DAS. It was also evident that plants re-watered after the stress recovered and had the same values as the control treatment.

Quantitative modeling of freshwater stress in the nine water basins of Tanzania

Freshwater scarcity is a global issue of environmental concern that threatens agricultural production and human health.In this study,we established freshwater stress indices(WSIs) for the nine water basins of Tanzania by using the quantity of freshwater available and various water uses.The relationship between water availability and different water uses,including environmental water requirements,was analyzed,with uncertainty and sensitivity analysis performed by a Monte Carlo simulation technique.Extreme WSI values close to 1.00 were obtained in the Rufiji,Pangani,and Wami-ruvu basins,Internal drainage,and Lake Rukwa,while low and moderate WSI values ranging from 0.03 to 0.84 were found in Lake Victoria and the Ruvuma,Tanganyika,and Nyasa basins.This study adds further knowledge on the level of freshwater scarcity,relationships between water availability and different water uses,and suggests policy options to reduce freshwater scarcity at the basin level for sustainable water supply.

Sentinel-1 Radar Data Assessment to Estimate Crop Water Stress

Water is an important component in agricultural production for both yield quantity and quality. Although all weather conditions are driving factors in the agricultural sector, the precipitation in rainfed agriculture is the most limiting weather parameter. Water deficit may occur continuously over the total growing period or during any particular growth stage of the crop. Optical remote sensing is very useful but, in cloudy days it becomes useless. Radar penetrates the cloud and collects information through the backscattering data. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was extracted from Landsat 8 satellite data and used to calculate Crop Coefficient (Kc). The FAO-Penman-Monteith equation was used to calculate reference evapotranspiration (ETo). NDVI and Land Surface Temperature (LST) were calculated from satellite data and integrated with air temperature measurements to estimate Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI). Then, both CWSI and potential crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were used to calculate actual evapotranspiration (ETa). Sentinel-1 radar data were calibrated using SNAP software. The relation between backscattering (dB) and CWSI was an inverse relationship and R2 was as high as 0.82.

Analysis of Adaptive Response of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) Varieties from DR-Congo to Water Stress

Maize production in tropical Africa is often negatively affected by drought. The main objectives of the present study were to 1) analyze the impact of water stress on the agro-morphological performance of two varieties of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) compared to two normal maize varieties and 2) assess their adaptive response in contrasting water environments. Agro-morphological responses to water deficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) were assessed in controlled experiments using four maize varieties, two normal maize (Zm725 and Mus1) and two quality protein maize (Mudishi1 and Mudishi3) varieties. They were subjected to three water regimes (100%, 60%, 30% water retention capacity) at the beginning of the bloom stage, using a Fischer block design with four replications. Significant differences (p < 0.05) among varieties, water regimes and their interactions for plant growth and production parameters were observed. Reduction of water supply to plants caused changes in aerial and underground plant growth. Plant stem height, foliar expansion, and root system development characterizing vegetative growth showed variation in varietal response to water regimes. Mus1 (normal maize variety) was the best adapted to variations in water regimes because they developed an important root volume to adapt to the effects of water deficit while maintaining their morphological and productive characteristics.

Effects of different inputs of organic matter on the response of plant production to a soil water stress in Sahelian region

The aim was to study the effects of organic management like the application of organic matters on crop production. This research is placed in the context of climate change impact mitigation. A field experiment was conducted during the dry season. Rainfall inputs were simulated by irrigation to study the effects of water stress during the flowering period of a grain on the agronomic and the physiological behavior of the plant. The measurements were made on the volumetric soil moisture, stomatal conductance, and leaf area index (LAI), grain yield, straw and weight of 100 grains. The water use efficiency (WUE) and yield losses were evaluated. The results of the volumetric soil moisture showed that the use of localized input under water stress (STR-T1) recorded the lowest moisture in the surface horizons. Treatment with localized input under water stress with or without fertilization (STR-T1, STR-T1 + N) showed an ability of stomatal regulation compared to the control (STR- T0) and the input application by spreading (STR- T2). (STR-T1 + N) has initiated an early stomatal closure of the plant because of the effect of nitrogen. However, despite a more pronounced water stress with stomatal closure, the LAI and the grain yield were greater with (STR-T1) and (STR-T1 + N). The results showed that the inputs of localized organic fertilization with or without nitrogen grain yields were the highest regardless of the hydric regime applied. However the losses of grain yield were higher in treatments with organic inputs in spreading and localized under water stress. The WUE by the crop was reduced compared to the control with organic inputs under STR. In this study we show that the use of organic matter increases de farmers risk and this notion of risk is high and it is necessary to consider this risk in the proposals of technical innovations.

基于SWAT的沁河流域水压力指数计算及生态脆弱性分析

生态脆弱性是综合反映流域生态系统健康水平的重要属性,而水资源是维持流域生态系统健康和可持续发展的关键因素。因此,从水资源领域评估流域生态脆弱性并分析其时空变化特征对于应对流域水资源短缺压力和改善流域生态系统健康水平具有重要的研究价值。以沁河流域为研究对象,构建流域SWAT模型,引入水压力计算公式,从蒸散发量的角度,量化分析沁河流域2010-2016年生态脆弱性的时间变化和空间分布特征。结果表明:①SWAT模型经过率定与验证后,纳什系数E NS和相关系数R 2均符合模型精度标准,表明该模型在沁河流域具有良好的适用性。②流域年际水压力指数值随时间递减,表明沁河流域生态脆弱性及生态系统状态逐年好转,蒸散发量是主要影响因素。③流域水压力指数年内变化大,本年度12月到次年度2月的生态脆弱性较强;结合相关研究结果,认为降水和冰雪天气是主要影响因素。④流域整体生态脆弱性状况逐年改善,但流域内部生态脆弱性空间差异化呈现扩大趋势。

‘娇红1号’红花玉兰对水分胁迫的生理响应

以‘娇红1号’1年生嫁接苗为试材,设置盆栽土壤含水量为田间最大持水量(FWC)的20%(HD)、40%(LD)、60%(CK)、80%(LF)、100%(HF)5个处理,测定不同处理条件下‘娇红1号’叶片的光合特性和生理指标分析‘娇红1号’红花玉兰对水分胁迫的生理响应,探究‘娇红1号’红花玉兰在江西等江南丘陵区的引种效应。结果表明:在水分胁迫下,HD处理下的‘娇红1号’苗木在胁迫第10天全部死亡(其余的存活率为100%),CK下‘娇红1号’叶片的叶绿素含量先降后升,其余处理都随着胁迫时间的加长而降低。P_(n)和G_(s)的日变化出现双峰现象,T_(r)日变化呈现先升后降趋势,C_(i)日变化呈现上升趋势,WUE和L_(s)的日变化呈现下降趋势。CK处理的P_(n)、G_(s)、C_(i)和T_(r)日均值最大,HF处理下WUE和L_(s)最大。随着胁迫时间的延长,‘娇红1号’苗木叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和MDA含量呈现先升后降的变化趋势。Pro含量和SOD活性呈现上升趋势。APX活性呈现先降后升再降的变化趋势,且在胁迫维持到第40天时CK处理下最低。可见,60%~80%FWC的条件下最利于‘娇红1号’红花玉兰的生长。

不同水分胁迫处理对陆地棉核心种质资源的影响

为研究不同水分胁迫下陆地棉对干旱的响应能力并筛选棉花抗旱关键指标和优异抗旱种质资源,选取30份陆地棉核心种质为试验材料,以全生育期正常灌水处理为对照,设置播种后和花铃期各浇水1次和花铃期断水2次2种胁迫处理,在蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期测定相应指标,通过描述性统计分析、差异分析、主成分分析和相关性分析,采用抗旱综合度量值(D)进行各材料的抗旱性评价。结果表明,干旱胁迫对不同棉花材料的生长发育均有不同程度的影响,播种后和花铃期各浇一水处理的D值离散较大(0.285~0.774),能更清晰地区分不同品种的抗旱性。利用D值可将30份材料分为4类:第Ⅰ类为抗旱材料,包括‘中棉所41’‘新陆早7号’等6个品种;第Ⅱ类为中抗材料,包括‘晋棉46’‘新陆早31号’等11个品种;第Ⅲ类为敏感材料,包括‘中棉所17’‘鲁1138’等5个品种;第Ⅳ类为高敏材料,包括‘新陆中8号’‘酒棉8号’等8个品种。果枝始节数、果枝数、株高、皮面产量和衣分5个指标对干旱较为敏感,可作为棉花抗旱评价的关键指标。以上研究结果可为棉花抗旱育种提供参考。

避雨条件下水分胁迫对中稻不同生育期生长指标及产量的影响

为了查清不同程度的干旱胁迫对中稻生长指标及产量的影响,以杂交稻“天优华占”为材料进行盆栽试验,在分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期和乳熟期设置轻旱、中旱、重旱三个水分胁迫水平,以正常间歇灌溉为对照(CK),监测土壤含水率,测量各生育期不同水分梯度下的株高、分蘖数、叶绿素含量和叶面积,分析各生育期不同干旱胁迫对水稻生长指标和产量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫在拔节—孕穗期对株高抑制最显著,分蘖期对分蘖数和叶面积影响最明显,抽穗—开花期对叶绿素的合成影响最大且日需水量最高;干旱胁迫对产量最敏感的时期是抽穗—开花期,不同胁迫水平均会减少水稻的有效穗数、千粒重和结实率,三个胁迫水平较正常水平(CK)分别减产27.57%、44.23%、46.32%;采用相关分析得出影响产量相关度从大到小依次为千粒重、结实率和有效穗。因此,确保抽穗—开花期的水分供给能够有效改善水稻的千粒重、有效穗和结实率,提高水稻的产量和水分利用效率。

腐蚀环境下锚杆慢应变速率拉伸实验研究

针对锚杆在腐蚀性介质水中易发生腐蚀而导致锚杆支护失效的问题,对煤矿常用锚杆进行化学成分分析,采用慢应变速率应力腐蚀试验机进行SSRT试验,并对比了断口形貌。研究结果表明:标准溶液中锚杆表现出较高的应力腐蚀敏感性,塑性参数的敏感程度大于强度参数,塑性参数均低于在空气中的数值;表面处理锚杆依然表现出应力腐蚀敏感性,主要表现为延伸率的降低,特别在应变速率为1×10^(-5)s^(-1)和1×10^(-7)s^(-1)表现更加明显。此外,拉伸速率与SCC的断口形貌具有直接相关性,拉伸速率越大,断裂方式越接近塑性断裂,拉伸速率较小导致材料出现脆性断裂特征。总体来看,在设计和使用腐蚀性锚杆时,需要考虑其应力腐蚀敏感性指数,并且在实际使用中要注意控制拉伸速率,以减小试样应力腐蚀敏感性的影响。

水分胁迫对麻栎苗木生长和生理的影响

为探究不同程度水分胁迫对麻栎苗木各项生长指标和叶片色素含量及其净光合速率的影响。以山东省临沂市为试验地点,设置轻度(加水使水面位于盆土1/2的高度)、中度(加水使水面与盆土表面相平)、重度(加水使水面高于盆土表面15 cm)3个不同程度的水分胁迫处理,对不同程度水分胁迫下麻栎苗木的各项生长和生理指标进行评估,比较不同程度水分胁迫对麻栎苗木梢高生长量、梢粗生长量、叶片含水量,及其叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量,及净光合速率的影响。结果表明:3个不同程度水分胁迫下麻栎苗木的梢高生长量、梢粗生长量、叶片含水量,及其叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量,及净光合速率存在显著差异;除空白对照外,各处理组梢高生长量和叶片含水量比较为:轻度>中度>重度,各处理组梢粗生长量比较为:重度>中度>轻度;各处理组叶片叶绿素含量及净光合速率比较均为:轻度>中度>重度。随着水分胁迫程度的不断加重,麻栎苗木的生长状况逐渐变差。研究可为麻栎苗木的科学培育提供参考。

光照与阴影对无人机热红外遥感监测土壤含水率的影响

为探究作物冠层受阳光直射或阴影遮挡对无人机热红外遥感诊断作物水分胁迫、监测土壤含水率的影响,该研究以不同灌溉处理的夏玉米为研究对象,将热红外图像划分为光照冠层、阴影冠层、光照土壤、阴影土壤4个部分,分别提取光照温度与阴影温度后计算了11:00、13:00、15:00的冠气温差(冠层温度与大气温度之差,ΔT)、作物水分胁迫指数(crop water stress index,CWSI)、蒸发比(潜热通量与有效能量的比值,evaporative fraction,EF),并对比了3种指数在不同时刻使用光照温度(ΔT_(L)、CWSI_(L)、EF_(L))与阴影温度(ΔT_(S)、CWSI_(S)、EF_(S))后对土壤含水率的监测效果变化情况。结果表明:1)3种指数的监测效果会随时间发生变化,11:00与15:00时EF监测效果较好,13:00时CWSI监测效果较好,ΔT的监测效果较差但随时间波动最小;2)拔节期在区分光照温度与阴影温度后监测效果在11:00时提升幅度最大,EF、EF_(S)、EF_(L)的R^(2)分别为0.54、0.65、0.78,CWSI、CWSI_(S)、CWSI_(L)的R^(2)分别为0.47、0.64、0.70,抽雄期与灌浆期使用光照温度对监测效果提升不大,但使用阴影温度的指数监测效果有明显降低,在13:00时CWSIS较CWSI有最大降幅,R^(2)降幅分别为0.11、0.06;3)在拔节期与抽雄期使用11:00的EFL,在灌浆期使用13:00的CWSI能取得最好的土壤含水率监测效果,验证期预测土壤含水率的R2分别为0.75、0.75、0.89。该研究可以为无人机热红外监测土壤含水率提供参考。

基于无人机遥感的夏玉米水分胁迫指数改进方法

冠层温度(canopy temperature,T_(c))是作物水分胁迫计算的基础。准确地剔除热红外图像中的土壤背景,可以提高作物水分的监测精度。该研究以4种水分处理的拔节期夏玉米为研究对象,借助无人机可见光和热红外图像,采用红绿比值指数(red-green ratio index,RGRI)法提取研究区域的面状玉米冠层温度的空间分布信息,并分析每幅热红外图像上冠层温度的累积频率。该并提出了两种改进作物水分胁迫指数(crop water stress index,CWSI)性能的方法,一是使用基于正态分布的不同统计分位数分割冠层温度,并基于不同统计分位数上的平均冠层温度计算CWSI(记为CWSI_(TcF%))。二是基于冠层温度方差(canopy temperature variance,V_(ar)),将玉米冠层数据分为4个区间:区间Ⅰ,T_(c)≤40,V_(ar)≤10;区间Ⅱ,T_(c)≤40,10<V_(ar)≤20;区间Ⅲ,35<T_(c)<45,Var>20;区间Ⅳ,40<T_(c)<50,0<V_(ar)≤20,并在各自区间上选择最敏感的统计分位数计算CWSI(记为CWSI_(n))。研究结果表明:1)利用2020年和2021年两年数据计算的CWSI_(n)与作物生理指标(气孔导度G_(s)、净光合速率P_(n)、蒸腾速率T_(r))间的决定系数R2分别为0.72、0.52、0.62,nRMSE分别为23.96%、24.06%、25.60%,模型拟合精度高于原始CWSI(R^(2)分别为0.73、0.34、0.46,nRMSE分别为23.69%、28.27%、30.21%),但与CWSITcF%差别不大(R2分别为0.74、0.54、0.61,nRMSE分别为22.87%、23.74%、25.61%);2)虽然CWSI_(TcF%)能提高诊断作物水分胁迫的精度,但最敏感的冠层温度区间在年际间相差较大(2020,61.17%;2021,49.38%;两年数据,83.51%),而CWSI_(n)稳定性更高(与生理指标间的nRMSE分别为:2020年16.60%、27.37%、28.49%;2021年21.60%、18.95%、22.64%)。因此,综合来看CWSI_(n)可以更加精确地监测作物水分胁迫,利用该改进方法可为无人机遥感精准监测作物水分胁迫状况提供参考。

近20年黄土高原干旱变化特征及其影响因素

为促进黄土高原农业和生态环境可持续发展,基于2001—2020年MODIS蒸散产品和气象站点数据,利用作物缺水指数(crop water stress index,CWSI)、Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验和偏相关分析等方法,探讨了黄土高原干旱变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:①年际上,2001—2020年黄土高原CWSI呈显著线性下降过程,下降速率为0.0058 a^(-1)(P<0.01)。干旱程度呈先减(2001—2018年)后增(2018—2020年)过程;②空间上,CWSI以减少趋势为主,显著减少趋势占区域总面积91.24%,其中青海、甘肃、宁夏、陕西南部地区CWSI下降速率较快;③黄土高原CWSI与气温以负偏相关关系为主,显著负偏相关占区域面积的7.78%,集中分布于青海东部、山西南部和河南北部;与降水以负偏相关关系为主,显著负偏相关占区域总面积60.88%,集中分布于黄土高原西南部和东部地区。气温升高背景下,降水增加促使黄土高原实际蒸发显著增加、潜在蒸发不显著减少,导致CWSI显著下降。研究结论认为降水是黄土高原CWSI下降的主要影响因素,年降水量增加减缓了黄土高原干旱趋势。

基于优选遥感干旱指数的华北平原干旱时空变化特征分析

基于中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)产品和气象资料,对比分析了作物缺水指数(CWSI)、干旱严重度指数(DSI)、归一化植被供水指数(NVSWI)和温度植被干旱指数(TVDI)表征华北平原干旱状况的适用性,并基于优选后的指数研究了2000—2018年干旱的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)CWSI在反映干旱的效果上明显优于另外三种干旱指数。(2)时间上,2000—2018年春季干旱最严重,其次是秋季和冬季,夏季干旱最轻,但春季干旱强度有所下降,速率为-0.03/10a,而其他三季均呈增加趋势,速率为(0.01—0.08)/10a。(3)空间上,华北平原东部和东南部发生轻旱频率高,西部和北部中旱及以上干旱频率较高。山东省西北部及河南省东部、安徽省北部等地春旱呈显著减弱趋势(P<0.05);夏季华北平原东南部干旱增加趋势显著(P<0.05),而北部减弱趋势显著(P<0.05);秋季华北平原西南一带干旱上升趋势较大;冬季西部、中部及南部干旱增加趋势显著(P<0.05)。

基于热红外与可见光图像融合的生菜水分胁迫指数模型研究

为了准确提取作物冠层温度,监测作物水分亏缺状态,以不同水分处理的生菜为研究对象,分别利用手持式热像仪和佳能相机获取生菜的热红外和可见光图像,计算生菜冠层可见光图像与热红外图像的仿射变换参数,并进行配准融合,以获取生菜冠层区域的热红外图像,而后计算不同处理下的基于冠层温度的水分胁迫指数(Crop Water Stress Index, CWSI)与日蒸散量(Evapotranspiration,ET),分析不同灌溉处理下CWSI同ET的相关关系来监测生菜水分亏缺程度。结果表明,基于仿射变换的热红外目标提取方法可以实现生菜冠层的准确提取,剔除背景后生菜冠层的平均温度值由20.25℃下降至19.25℃。不同水分处理下的生菜热红外冠层的CWSI值展示出明显的差异,且CWSI与ET呈显著负相关,当CWSI越大,ET越小,表明CWSI可以应用在生菜水分胁迫状态监测,能够很好的反应土壤水分含量变化状况。