Water resources are critical for the existence and development of oases in endorheic basins.Thus,to enable sustainable development,it is fundamentally important to understand how to allocate and use these resources in...Water resources are critical for the existence and development of oases in endorheic basins.Thus,to enable sustainable development,it is fundamentally important to understand how to allocate and use these resources in a reasonable way.We therefore simulated and analyzed changes in water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis of China under three scenarios using a system dynamic model that corresponds to different water consumption pattern.This was done to assess the impacts of regional water resource planning(comprehensive planning of the rational use of water resource and protection of ecosystem services in the Dunhuang Basin)on water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis.The first of these,Scenario 1,is a baseline in which the status quo is maintained,while Scenario 2 incorporates the comprehensive effects of agricultural water-saving irrigation measures with an inter-basin water diversion project,and Scenario 3 focuses on ecological rehabilitation.In the baseline Scenario 1,the total water consumption within the Dunhuang Oasis increased progressively while agricultural water consumption remained extremely high and threatened overall ecological security.In contrast,Scenario 2 would decrease agricultural water consumption by almost 5.30×10^7 m^3 following the implementation of water-saving practices.The additional water allocated from an inter-basin water diversion project would play an important role in alleviating ecological strain on the oasis.Finally,in Scenario 3,the total irrigated land must be decreased to 20.6×10^3 hm^2 by 2025 assuming that water supply for ecosystem restoration would be at least 50%of the total consumption.Although water resource planning plays a very important role in alleviating the ecological water crisis within the oasis,it is necessary to consider the suitable scale of oasis with regard to current water consumption pattern.展开更多
The quality of surface water is rapidly changing due to climatic variations, natural processes, and anthropogenic activities. The objectives of this study were to classify and analyze the surface water quality of 12 m...The quality of surface water is rapidly changing due to climatic variations, natural processes, and anthropogenic activities. The objectives of this study were to classify and analyze the surface water quality of 12 major rivers of Alberta on the basis of 17 parameters during the period of five years (i.e., 2004-2008) using principal component analysis (PCA), total exceedance model and clustering technique. Seven major principal components (PCs) with variability of about 89% were identified. These PCs were the indicators of watershed geology, mineralization and anthropogenic activities related to land use/cover. The seven dominant parameters revealed from the seven PCs were total dissolved solids (TDS), true color (TC), pH, iron (Fe), fecal coliform (FC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity (TUR). The normalized data of dominant parameters were used to develop a model for obtaining total exceedance. The exceedance values acquired from the total exceedance model were used to determine the patterns for the development of five clusters. The performance of the clusters was compared with the classes obtained in Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI). Cluster 1, cluster 2, cluster 3, cluster 4 and cluster 5 showed agreements of 85.71%, 83.54%, 90.22%, 80.74%, and 83.40% with their respective CWQI classes on the basis of the data for all rivers during 2004-2008. The water quality was deteriorated in growing season due to snow melting. This methodology could be applied to classify the raw surface water quality, analyze the spatio-temporal trends and study the impacts of the factors affecting the water quality anywhere in the world.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (41701321)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662015QD031)the 2014 Key Research Support Program of Central Government Higher Education Basic Research Founding (lzujbky-2014-269)
文摘Water resources are critical for the existence and development of oases in endorheic basins.Thus,to enable sustainable development,it is fundamentally important to understand how to allocate and use these resources in a reasonable way.We therefore simulated and analyzed changes in water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis of China under three scenarios using a system dynamic model that corresponds to different water consumption pattern.This was done to assess the impacts of regional water resource planning(comprehensive planning of the rational use of water resource and protection of ecosystem services in the Dunhuang Basin)on water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis.The first of these,Scenario 1,is a baseline in which the status quo is maintained,while Scenario 2 incorporates the comprehensive effects of agricultural water-saving irrigation measures with an inter-basin water diversion project,and Scenario 3 focuses on ecological rehabilitation.In the baseline Scenario 1,the total water consumption within the Dunhuang Oasis increased progressively while agricultural water consumption remained extremely high and threatened overall ecological security.In contrast,Scenario 2 would decrease agricultural water consumption by almost 5.30×10^7 m^3 following the implementation of water-saving practices.The additional water allocated from an inter-basin water diversion project would play an important role in alleviating ecological strain on the oasis.Finally,in Scenario 3,the total irrigated land must be decreased to 20.6×10^3 hm^2 by 2025 assuming that water supply for ecosystem restoration would be at least 50%of the total consumption.Although water resource planning plays a very important role in alleviating the ecological water crisis within the oasis,it is necessary to consider the suitable scale of oasis with regard to current water consumption pattern.
文摘The quality of surface water is rapidly changing due to climatic variations, natural processes, and anthropogenic activities. The objectives of this study were to classify and analyze the surface water quality of 12 major rivers of Alberta on the basis of 17 parameters during the period of five years (i.e., 2004-2008) using principal component analysis (PCA), total exceedance model and clustering technique. Seven major principal components (PCs) with variability of about 89% were identified. These PCs were the indicators of watershed geology, mineralization and anthropogenic activities related to land use/cover. The seven dominant parameters revealed from the seven PCs were total dissolved solids (TDS), true color (TC), pH, iron (Fe), fecal coliform (FC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity (TUR). The normalized data of dominant parameters were used to develop a model for obtaining total exceedance. The exceedance values acquired from the total exceedance model were used to determine the patterns for the development of five clusters. The performance of the clusters was compared with the classes obtained in Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI). Cluster 1, cluster 2, cluster 3, cluster 4 and cluster 5 showed agreements of 85.71%, 83.54%, 90.22%, 80.74%, and 83.40% with their respective CWQI classes on the basis of the data for all rivers during 2004-2008. The water quality was deteriorated in growing season due to snow melting. This methodology could be applied to classify the raw surface water quality, analyze the spatio-temporal trends and study the impacts of the factors affecting the water quality anywhere in the world.
