Photocatalytic Degradation of Water-Soluble Dyes by LaCoO_3

Pervoskite type oxides LaCoO 3 was prepared by citrate method with the granula of 20 nm-30 nm. With a fluorescent Hg lamp or sunlight as irradiator, the degradation experiments of various water soluble dyes were carried out in the suspension system of LaCoO 3 . The results show that the pervoskite type oxide LaCoO 3 has good photocatalytic activity.Studied by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectra, its photocatalytic activity is found to be related with factors such as the d electron structure of ion Co 3+ ,Co—O binding energy and adsorbed oxygen on the surface etc.

Adsorption Behavior of a Water-soluble Porphyrin at the Glass-water Interface as Studied by Synchronous Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy (TIRF) and synchronous scanning technique were combined to study the adsorption behavior of the meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) at the glass-water interface without any surfactant. The pH dependence of synchronous fluorescence signal at the interface was analyzed. Both unprotonated (TPPS4-) and diprotonated (H2TPPS2-) forms of TPPS were observed at the interface. But the interface favored the adsorption of. The apparent estimated pKa2 value shifted from 5.00 in the bulk solution to 2.7 at the interface. STIRF provides a good technique to study multi-component systems at the interface.

A study of the properties of hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers used in drilling fluids

Hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers (HPAP) have been synthesized from acrylamide(AM), acrylate (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and hydrophobic monomer (AP) in aqueous solution by radical polymerization. New polymer drilling fluids are made up of HPAP, which is used as viscosifiers and encapsulation agents. Properties of this system are reported in this paper. Results indicate that this system has a high value of yield point to plastic viscosity (YP/PV≥0.7), high viscosity at a low-shear rate (LSRV≥30000mPa·s), excellent shear thinning behavior, good solid-carrying behavior, resistance to shear, good thermal stability (as high as 140℃) and salt resistance. The system has excellent behavior in high-density solution of NaCl and in calcium and magnesium rich saline solutions. Hence, HPAP also can be used in saltwater polymer drilling fluids.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Water-Soluble Dyes by LaCoO3

Pervoskite type oxides LaCoO 3 was prepared by citrate method with the granula of 20 nm-30 nm. With a fluorescent Hg lamp or sunlight as irradiator, the degradation experiments of various water soluble dyes were carried out in the suspension system of LaCoO 3 . The results show that the pervoskite type oxide LaCoO 3 has good photocatalytic activity.Studied by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectra, its photocatalytic activity is found to be related with factors such as the d electron structure of ion Co 3+ ,Co—O binding energy and adsorbed oxygen on the surface etc.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Water-Soluble Dyes by LaCoO_3

Perovskite type oxides LaCoO 3 was prepared by citrate method in granula of 20～30 nm. Using a fluorescent Hg lamp or sunlight as irradiator, the degradation experiments of various water soluble dyes were carried out in the suspension system of LaCoO 3. The results show that the perovskite type oxide LaCoO 3 has good photocatalytic activity. With the study of X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectra, its photocatalytic activity is mainly related with the factors such as the d electron structure of ion Co 3+ , Co O binding energy and adsorbed oxygen on the surface etc.

Study on Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Water-Soluble Metalloporphyrins

The synthesis and characterization of a series of metal porphyrins, MII(Por), {Por=dianionic of 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis [4-(4′-bromobutyloxy) phenyl]porphyrinato and 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis [4-(4′-butyloxypyridine bromide)phenyl]porphyrinato, M=Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Ru-CO} were described. The complexes 3a-3e were prepared from the reactions of compound 2 with metal acetates in chloroform, and the treatment of 3a-3f with excess of pyridine gave corresponding complexes 4a-4f. These new compounds were identified by absorption spectroscopies,1H-NMR and elemental analyses. The results of biological activity testing for 4a-4f revealed that 4a and 4c had stronger inhibiting action on the growth metabolism ofEsche richia coli.

Overview of milling techniques for improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs

Milling involves the application of mechanical energy to physically break down coarse particles to finer ones and is regarded as a“topedown”approach in the production of fine particles.Fine drug particulates are especially desired in formulations designed for parenteral,respiratory and transdermal use.Most drugs after crystallization may have to be comminuted and this physical transformation is required to various extents,often to enhance processability or solubility especially for drugs with limited aqueous solubility.The mechanisms by which milling enhances drug dissolution and solubility include alterations in the size,specific surface area and shape of the drug particles as well as millinginduced amorphization and/or structural disordering of the drug crystal(mechanochemical activation).Technology advancements in milling now enable the production of drug micro-and nano-particles on a commercial scale with relative ease.This review will provide a background on milling followed by the introduction of common milling techniques employed for the micronization and nanonization of drugs.Salient information contained in the cited examples are further extracted and summarized for ease of reference by researchers keen on employing these techniques for drug solubility and bioavailability enhancement.

Buxu Tongyu Granule Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia by Activating Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Soluble Guanylate Cyclase to Inhibit Abnormal Vasomotion

Myocardial ischemia is a serious threat to human health,and vascular dysfunction is its main cause.Buxu Tongyu(BXTY)Granule is an effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating myocardial ischemia.However,the underlying mechanism of BXTY is still unclear.In this study,we demonstrate that BXTY ameliorates myocardial ischemia by activating the soluble guanylate cyclase(sGC)-30,50-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)-protein kinase G(PKG)signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)to dilate the arteries.BXTY was given by gavage for ten consecutive days before establishing an animal model of acute myocardial ischemia in mice via the intraperitoneal injection of pituitrin.The results showed that BXTY alleviated the symptoms of myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in mice,including electrocardiogram abnormalities and changes in plasma enzymes.In addition,BXTY dilated pre-constricted blood vessels and inhibited the vasoconstriction of the superior mesenteric artery in a dose-dependent but endothelial-independent manner.These effects were eliminated by preincubating vascular rings with the sGC inhibitors NS 2028 or ODQ,or with the PKG inhibitor KT 5823.Moreover,BXTY increased the protein expression of sGC-b1 and the intracellular second messenger cGMP level in mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells(MOVAs).NS 2028 or ODQ reversed these effects of BXTY.The expression level of the cGMP downstream effector protein PKG-1 increased after treating MOVAs with BXTY.NS 2028,ODQ,or KT 5823 also reversed this effect of BXTY.In conclusion,BXTY can improve the symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia in mice,and activating the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway in VSMCs to induce vasodilation is its key pharmacodynamic mechanism.

Carbamazepine solubility enhancement in tandem with swellable polymer osmotic pump tablet: A promising approach for extended delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs

Elementary osmotic pump(EOP)is a unique extended release(ER)drug delivery system based on the principle of osmosis.It has the ability to minimize the amount of the drug,accumulation and fluctuation in drug level during chronic uses.Carbamazepine(CBZ),a poorly water-soluble antiepileptic drug,has serious side effects on overdoses and chronic uses.The aim of the present study was to design a new EOP tablet of CBZ containing a solubility enhancers and swellable polymer to reduce its side effects and enhance the patient compliance.Firstly,a combination of solubilizing carriers was selected to improve the dissolution of the slightly soluble drug.Then,designing the new EOP tablet and investigating the effect of different variables of core and coat formulations on drug release behavior by single parameter optimization and by Taguchi orthogonal design with analysis of variance(ANOVA),respectively.The results showed that CBZ solubility was successfully enhanced by a minimum amount of combined polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP K30)and sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS).The plasticizer amount and molecular weight(MW)together with the osmotic agent amount directly affect the release rate whereas the swellable polymer amount and viscosity together with the semi-permeable membrane(SPM)thickness inversely influence the release rate.In addition,the tendency of following zero order kinetics was mainly affected by the coat components rather than those of the core.Further,orifice size does not have any significant effect on the release behavior within the range of 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm.In this study we report the successful formulation of CBZ-EOP tablets,which were similar to the marketed product Tegretol CR 200 and able to satisfy the USP criterion limits and to deliver about 80%of CBZ at a rate of approximately zero order for up to 12 h.

Water-soluble lipopolymer delivery of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B siRNA relieves chronic neuropathic pain in rats

Spinal dorsal horn N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B （NR2B） overexpression plays an important role in the production and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Because small interfering RNA （siRNA） can inhibit NR2B expression, siRNA may provide a novel approach to treat neuropathic pain and possibly nerve injury. However, an efficient and safe vector for NR2B siRNA has not been discovered. This study shows that a water soluble lipopolymer （WSLP） comprised of low molecular weight polyethyleneimine （PEI） and cholesterol can deliver siRNA targeting NR2B for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Results show that intrathecal injection of WSLP/siRNA complexes for 3 days inhibit NR2B gene expression with reductions in mRNA and protein levels by 59% and 54%, respectively, compared with control rats （P 〈 0.01）. Injection of WSLP complexed with scrambled siRNA, or PEI with siRNA did not show this inhibitory effect. Moreover, injection of WSLP/siRNA complexes significantly relieved neuropathic pain at 3, 7, 12, and 21 days, while injection of WSLP with scrambled siRNA or PEI with siRNA did not. These results demonstrate that WSLP can efficiently deliver siRNA targeting NR2B in vivo and relieve neuropathic pain.

Effects of Different Water-soluble Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Strawberry under Integrated Application of Water and Fertilizer

Taking Hongyan strawberry as the material and PE drip irrigation tape and fertilizer applicator as the tool of integrated application of water and fertilizer,this experiment studied the effects of six fertilizers including Batian,Jiashili,Wangdefeng,Stanley,volfertile and calcium protein on yield and quality of strawberry. The experimental results showed that different water-soluble fertilizers had different effects on the main economic traits of strawberry. For the maximum single fruit mass,the highest was volfertile treatment( 28. 72 g),followed by calcium protein treatment,and the lowest was Stanley treatment( 23. 89 g). The fruit treated with Batian,volfertile and calcium protein was hard in the texture,the fruit treated with Wangdefeng was harder,that of Stanley was softer,and that of Jiashili was soft. The strawberry fruit treated with Wangdefeng and calcium protein was sweet,the fruit treated with volfertile and Batian was sweet,that treated with Jiashili was sour and sweet,and that treated with Stanley was slightly sour. The fruit treated with calcium protein,volfertile and Batian showed strong storage resistance.Strawberry plants treated with Batian,Wangdefeng,Stanley,and calcium protein showed stronger growth,and strawberry plants showed a semi-opening pattern. The yield of strawberry treated with volfertile was highest( 17 400 kg/ha),which was significantly increased compared with other treatments,followed by that treated by Stanley( 13 140 kg/ha).

Soluble ST2:A Novel Biomarker for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease

The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a significant global health concern,affecting millions of individuals each year.Accurate diagnosis of acute CVD poses a formidable challenge,as misdiagnosis can significantly decrease patient survival rates.Traditional biomarkers have played a vital role in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVDs,but they can be influenced by various factors,such as age,sex,and renal function.Soluble ST2(sST2)is a novel biomarker that is closely associated with different CVDs.Its low reference change value makes it suitable for continuous measurement,unaffected by age,kidney function,and other confounding factors,facilitating risk stratification of CVDs.Furthermore,the combination of sST2 with other biomarkers can enhance diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sST2,focusing on its diagnostic and prognostic value as a myocardial marker for different types of CVDs and discussing the current limitations of sST2.

Exosome-based strategy against colon cancer using small interfering RNA-loaded vesicles targeting soluble a proliferationinducing ligand

BACKGROUND Recent advancements in nanomedicine have highlighted the potential of exosome(Ex)-based therapies,utilizing naturally derived nanoparticles,as a novel approach to targeted cancer treatment.AIM To explore the targetability and anticancer effectiveness of small interfering peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 RNA(siPIN1)-loaded soluble a proliferation-inducing ligand(sAPRIL)-targeted Exs(designated as tEx[p])in the treatment of colon cancer models.METHODS tEx was generated by harvesting conditioned media from adipose-derived stem cells that had undergone transformation using pDisplay vectors encoding sAPRIL-binding peptide sequences.Subsequently,tEx[p]were created by incorporating PIN1 siRNA into the tEx using the Exofect kit.The therapeutic efficacy of these Exs was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models of colon cancer.RESULTS The tEx[p]group exhibited superior anticancer effects in comparison to other groups,including tEx,Ex[p],and Ex,demonstrated by the smallest tumor size,the slowest tumor growth rate,and the lightest weight of the excised tumors observed in the tEx[p]group(P<0.05).Moreover,analyses of the excised tumor tissues,using western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining,revealed that tEx[p]treatment resulted in the highest increase in Ecadherin expression and the most significant reduction in the mesenchymal markers Vimentin and Snail(P<0.05),suggesting a more effective inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition tEx[p],likely due to the enhanced delivery of siPIN1.CONCLUSION The use of bioengineered Exs targeting sAPRIL and containing siPIN1 demonstrated superior efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition,highlighting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.

Application of ion chromatography to the determination of water-soluble inorganic and organic ions in atmospheric aerosols

A simple, sensitive and convenient ion chromatography(IC) method was established for the simultaneous determination of twelve water-soluble inorganic anions(F -, Cl -, NO - 2, NO - 3, SO 2- 3, SO 2- 4, PO 3- 4), and fifteen water-soluble organic ions(formate, acetate, MSA, oxalate, malonate, succinate, phthalates, etc.) in atmospheric aerosols. The linear concentrations ranged from 0.005 μg/m 3 to 500 μg/m 3(r = 0.999—0.9999). The relative standard deviation(RSD) were 0.43%—2.00% and the detection limits were from 2.7 ng/m 3 to 88 ng/m 3. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of those inorganic ions and organic ions in PM 2.5 of Beijing.

Preparation of Ultrafine Water-soluble Polymers Nanofiber Mats via Electrospinning

A series of water-soluble polymers such as poly（ethylene oxide）（PEO）, polyacrylamide（PAM） and poly（vinyl pyrrilidone）（PVP） was successfully prepared via the electrospinning of their aqueous solutions without the use of a surfactant. The effects of solution properties on the electrospinning of PEO, PAM and PVP solutions were investigated. The viscosity of the solution, charge density carried by the jet, and the surface tension of the solution are the key factors that influence the morphology and diameter size of the fibers. The viscosity of the solution was measured on a modular compact rheometer. The morphology and the diameter size distribution of the fibers were observed under an environmental scanning electron microscope（ESEM）. The results show that the diameters of the nanofibers electro spun from the solutions of these water soluble polymers were uniform and less than 300 nm.

Synthesis of Novel Polymer-Bonded Water-Soluble Metal Porphyrins

The reaction of 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra-(4-pyridyl) porphyrin 1 with triruthenium dodecacarbonyl [Ru3(CO)12], zinc(II) acetate, copper(II) acetate, cobalt(II) acetate afforded complexes 2a?2d respectively. Treatment of 2a?2d with Merrifield’s peptide resin obtained 3a?3d. The compounds 3a?3d reacted with methyl iodide respectively gave 4a?4d. New complexes 4a?4d have been identified by IR, UV-visible spectra, and AES.

Some New Water-Soluble Phosphines with the Involvement of the Trivalent Rare Earth Ion

The new type of water-soluble phosphine with the involvement of the trivalent rare earth ion, TPPTS?Ln (Ln=Eu, Dy, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu; and TPPTS=tris (m-sulfonatophenyl) phosphine), were synthesized from the precursor TPPTS?Na3 and oxides of rare earth. The chemical composition of TPPTS?Ln was determined by elemental analysis and ICP-AES. IR, Raman showed that the sulfonate group in the complexes was a tridentate ligand.31P NMR, TG-DTA, molar conductivity and the fluorescence of these complexes were also recorded and discussed.

Phosphoryl choline-grafted water-soluble carbon nanotube

Water-soluble property is the precondition of biomedical evaluation and application of carbon nanotube （CNT）. Novel water- soluble CNT was synthesized in this letter by grafting phosphoryl choline （PC） onto multi-wall CNTs. Utilizing FTIR, XPS, TGA and TEM, the title CNTs were characterized and it was found that the target products could facilely dissolve in water. 2007 Tao Zhang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Effects of Water-Soluble Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Asparagus in Greenhouse under Chemical Fertilizer Reduction

In order to understand the effects of water-soluble fertilizer on the yield and quality of asparagus in greenhouse,taking conventional fertilization as a control,in the case of a decrease in total nutrient of chemical fertilizer,the application effect of humic acid-contained watersoluble fertilizer in asparagus was studied by experiment. The results show that,under the condition that the conventional fertilizer was reduced by 30% and 50%,the application of humic acid-contained water-soluble fertilizer to asparagus in greenhouse can improve the shoot length,single shoot weight,shoot diameter and shoot growth( degree of scatter) of asparagus,improve effectively the quality of asparagus( e. g. increasing the content of vitamin C and decreasing the nitrate content in asparagus shoots),and increase the yield of asparagus shoots( by 2 583 and 4 218 kg/ha compared with the conventional fertilization,with growth rates of 10. 3% and 16. 8%,respectively).

Adverse effects of metal exposure on chemotaxis towards water-soluble attractants regulated mainly by ASE sensory neuron in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants is mainly controlled by ASE sensory neuron whose specification is regulated by che-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data suggested that exposure to high concentrations of metals, such as Pb, Cu, Ag, and Cr, would result in severe defects of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants of NaCl, cAMP, and biotin. Moreover, the morphology of ASE neuron structures as observed by relative fluorescent intensities and relative size of fluorescent puncta of cell bodies, relative lengths of sensory endings in ASE neurons, and the expression patterns of che-1 were obviously altered in metal exposed animals when they meanwhile exhibited obvious chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants. In addition, the dendrite morphology could be noticeably changed in animals exposed to 150 μmol/L of Pb, Cu, and Ag. Furthermore, we observed significant decreases of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants in Pb exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 2.5 μmol/L, and in Cu, Ag, and Cr exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 50 μmol/L. Therefore, impairment of the ASE neuron structures and functions may largely contribute to the appearance of chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants in metal exposed nematodes.