The Solutions for Adjustment and Reconstruction of Water-Drive Surface Systems in the Old Areas of Daqing Oilfield

Introduction Owing to long-time running, more facilities including stations, pipelines, vessels have become corrosive and aged ,some process has grown old, it has exert more burden for the maintenance and repair.Simultaneously, the fluid production rate, oil production rate and water injection rate has changed greatly so that the inflicts and problems from the established surface systems will become more obvious. Energy cost of production and running has increasing continuously. Capacity has been unbalance in systems and areas.

Quantitative characterization of deep fault-karst carbonate reservoirs: A case study of the Yuejin block in the Tahe oilfield

The Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield are dominated by fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs, of which fault-karst reservoirs are a hot topic in recent years. Fault-karst reservoirs feature high production, large burial depth, and strong heterogeneity under the control of faulting and karstification. Based on geological, logging, and seismic data, this study classified the Ordovician fault-karst reservoirs in the Yuejin block of the Tahe oilfield into three types, namely karst-cave, dissolved-vug, and fractured types, and established the integrated identification criteria of the three types of reservoirs. This study characterized karst caves, dissolved vugs, and multi-scale faults through seismic wave impedance inversion and frequency-domain detection of multi-scale faults. 3D geological models of different types of reservoirs were built using the combined deterministic and stochastic methods and characterized the spatial distribution of multi-scale faults, karst caves, dissolved vugs, and physical property parameters of reservoir. This study established the method for the geological modeling of fault-karst reservoirs, achieved the quantitative characterization and revealed the heterogeneity of fault-karst reservoirs. The karst-cave and dissolved-vug types are high in porosity and act as reservoirs, while the fractured type is high in permeability and act as flow pathway. This study lays the foundation for the development index prediction, well emplacement, and efficient development of the fault-karst carbonate reservoirs.

Production evolution patterns and development stage division of waterflooding oilfields

The continuous growth of recoverable reserves in a waterflooding oilfield has a significant impact on the patterns of production evolution. A new production evolution model is established by improving the Weng Cycle model. With the new model, the statistical correspondence between the production decline stage and the reserve-production imbalance is clarified,and the correlation of water cut with the recovery percent of recoverable reserves is discussed, providing quantitative basis of reservoir engineering for dividing development stages of oilfield and defining mature oilfields. According to the statistics of oilfields in eastern China, the time point corresponding to the reserve-production balance coefficient dropping to less than 1dramatically is well correlated the beginning point of production decline, thus the time when the reserve-production balance coefficient drops dramatically can be taken as the initiation point of production decline stage. The research results show that the water cut and the recovery percent of recoverable reserves have a good statistical match in the high water cut stage, and it is more rational to take both the start point of production decline stage and the water cut of 90%(or the recovery percent of recoverable reserves of 80%) as the critical criteria for defining a mature oilfield. Five production evolution patterns can be summarized as follows: growth–peak plateau–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–rapid decline, growth–peak plateau–rapid decline, and growth–continuous decline.

Development technologies for Triassic Chang 7 shale oil in Ordos Basin: A case study of Qingcheng Oilfield, NW China

The reservoirs in the seventh member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation (Chang 7 Member) in the Qingcheng Oilfield of the Ordos Basin are characterized by thin sandbody, tight rocks, high heterogeneity, low formation pressure coefficient, and complex geomorphology. Through the efforts in the stages of exploration, appraisal, pilot testing and development, a series of key technologies have been formed, including “sweet spot” optimization, differentiated three-dimensional well deployment, fast drilling and completion of large-cluster horizontal well, intensively-staged volume fracturing in long horizontal well, and optimization of rational production system. Furthermore, a production organization mode represented by factory-like operations on loess platform has been implemented. Application of these technologies has enabled to significantly improve the single-well production of the Qingcheng Oilfield, reduce the investment cost, and realize a large-scale and beneficial development at a full cost below $55 per barrel. In 2022, the annual production of Chang 7 shale oil in the Ordos Basin reached 221×10^(4) t, accounting for 70% of the annual shale oil production of China. The practice of development technologies in the Qingcheng Oilfield provides valuable references for efficient development of continental shale oil.

Origin of gas condensate reservoir in Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China

To understand the reservoir property and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the Middle and Upper Ordovician intraplatform shoal between ultra-deep main strike-slip faults in Fuman Oilfield of the Tarim Basin, China, the main strike-slip faults in and around well FD1 in the basin were analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, sequence stratigraphy, intraplatform shoal reservoir property, and oil and gas origins, based on drilling data. The Yingshan Formation intraplatform shoal between the main strike-slip faults is superimposed with low-order faults to form a new type of hydrocarbon play. Firstly, hydrocarbons generated from the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation source rocks vertically migrated into the second member of Yingshan Formation through the main strike-slip faults, and then migrated laterally until they were accumulated. A small amount of oil from Well FD1 came from the Yuertusi Formation source rocks in the mature stage, and a large amount of gas originated from oil cracking in the ultra-deep reservoirs. Therefore, the secondary gas condensate reservoir in Well FD1 is characterized by high gas to oil ratio, dry gas (dryness coefficient being 0.970) and hybrid origin. This new type of hydrocarbon play characterized by intraplatform shoal and low-order fault suggests a prospect of continuous hydrocarbon-bearing area in Fuman Oilfield, which will expand the ultrap-deep oil and gas exploration in the oilfield.

Evaluation of reservoir environment by chemical properties of reservoir water‒A case study of Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai oilfield,Ordos Basin,China

The Ordos Basin is the largest continental multi-energy mineral basin in China,which is rich in coal,oil and gas,and uranium resources.The exploitation of mineral resources is closely related to reservoir water.The chemical properties of reservoir water are very important for reservoir evaluation and are significant indicators of the sealing of reservoir oil and gas resources.Therefore,the caprock of the Chang 6 reservoir in the Yanchang Formation was evaluated.The authors tested and analyzed the chemical characteristics of water samples selected from 30 wells in the Chang 6 reservoir of Ansai Oilfield in the Ordos Basin.The results show that the Chang 6 reservoir water in Ansai Oilfield is dominated by calcium-chloride water type with a sodium chloride coefficient of generally less than 0.5.The chloride magnesium coefficients are between 33.7 and 925.5,most of which are greater than 200.The desulfurization coefficients range from 0.21 to 13.4,with an average of 2.227.The carbonate balance coefficients are mainly concentrated below 0.01,with an average of 0.008.The calcium and magnesium coefficients are between 0.08 and 0.003,with an average of 0.01.Combined with the characteristics of the four-corner layout of the reservoir water,the above results show that the graphics are basically consistent.The study indicates that the Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield in the Ordos Basin is a favorable block for oil and gas storage with good sealing properties,great preservation conditions of oil and gas,and high pore connectivity.

同位素注入剖面测井解释智能化批量处理技术的实现与应用

同位素注入剖面测井是水驱油田了解各小层吸水状况的主要监测手段,该测井方法在中国油田的年测井工作量在3万井次左右,在注水油藏动态监测中占主导地位。传统的同位素注水剖面测井结果依赖人工解释,工作效率低、工作量大且多解性强,容易受到不同分析员人为因素影响,已经无法满足日益增长的生产需求。运用大数据监测和机器学习等技术,解决了基础数据录入、原始数据解编、深度匹配、工具识别、曲线叠合、综合评价等关键环节技术难题,形成了智能化批量处理技术。通过在CIFLog测井解释平台上的集成运行,单井处理时间从30~60min缩短到30s,人工干预率低于12%,验证了该处理流程及算法的有效性。

滨里海盆地东缘北特鲁瓦油田石炭系层序地层与沉积演化特征

根据三维地震、测井及钻井取心等资料,结合Vail的层序划分方案,在滨里海盆地东缘北特鲁瓦油田石炭系碳酸盐岩台地内识别出7个地震层序界面及7个钻井层序界面,并将KT-Ⅰ油层组划分为3个半三级层序,KT-Ⅱ油层组划分为3个三级层序。纵向上层序格架内沉积环境由开阔台地、局限台地至蒸发台地演化。根据研究区层序格架内的古地貌恢复及沉积演化研究,将研究区古地貌—沉积演化划分为3个阶段:台地初始隆坳分异期(SQ2-SQ3层序)、差异抬升与沉积分异定型期(SQ4层序)及继承发育期(SQ5-SQ7层序)。进一步分析认为,层序格架控制下的隆坳格局分异控制了白云岩亚类在平面上的分布,低部位以泥晶云岩—膏盐岩组合和泥晶云岩—泥晶灰岩组合为主,主要为潟湖相沉积;而高部位则以泥粉晶云岩、细粉晶云岩和残余颗粒泥晶云岩为主,发育云坪相及云化颗粒滩相沉积。结果表明,区内KT-Ⅰ油层组沉积期并非前人认为的西高东低剥蚀后沉降充填,而是继承性差异沉降的结果,古地理格局总体具有“东台西槽、北高南低”特征,其始终控制着有利相带和优质储集层的发育展布。这一认识对滨里海地区油气勘探开发战略选区具有重要的指导作用。

渤海C油田馆陶组储层堵塞实验评价研究

为了分析明确渤海C油田导管架期间预钻井的12口生产井,在组块安装后投产产量达不到配产目标的原因,针对有机质沉积、原油乳化堵塞、流体配伍性、钻完井液漏失与返排等潜在储层伤害因素,开展了储层堵塞实验评价研究。实验结果表明:1)免破胶无固相钻开液(EZFLOW)漏失量越高渗透率伤害程度越大,同时考虑钻完井液漏失时,天然岩心的渗透率伤害程度为37%,伤害程度中等;2)有机质沉积对储层伤害较为明显,注入0.4 PV原油后渗透率伤害程度达到98%,且随有机质沉积量的增加,储层伤害越大;3)油包水型乳状液(W/O型)驱替对岩心渗透率伤害程度高达75.01%,水包油型乳状液(O/W型)驱替对岩心渗透率伤害程度为25.21%,低含水层受原油乳化堵塞影响较明显。综合分析认为,渤海C油田12口预钻井低产原因为导管架预钻井后待组块安装期间关井静置过程中有机质沉积和原油乳化伤害。同时,渤海C油田12口预钻井目的层馆陶组储层物性因子较小,产液指数较低是导致低产的原因之一。研究结论为后续增产措施以及方案提供了依据。

油田监测用密度可控同位素示踪微球的制备及应用

制备了用于油田监测的同位素示踪微球,分析了微球的形貌、抗压强度、热性能、耐溶剂性和加工性能,揭示了微球与同位素产率及加工性能的构效关系,提出了示踪微球密度计算方法。结果表明:示踪微球表面形貌主要为致密和松散两种,抗压强度的影响因素主要为黏合剂种类与加料方式;采用不同黏合剂制备的微球耐溶剂性差别较大,采用酚醛胺和聚酰胺制备的示踪微球抗压强度较高,耐热性较好;采用炭粉为原料获得的同位素产率较高;微球密度的调控可以通过一个经验系数来计算。

基于超音速膨胀凝结的油田伴生气脱二氧化碳研究

油田伴生气通常含有大量的二氧化碳等酸性气体,为了提升油田伴生气质量,必须对天然气进行脱二氧化碳处理;将超音速旋流分离技术用于伴生气脱除二氧化碳是一条全新路径,但二氧化碳在超音速流动条件下的冷凝特性有待进一步明晰。建立二氧化碳在喷管中的相变过程数学模型,讨论二氧化碳超音速凝结流动特性,分析入口温度和压力对二氧化碳超音速凝结特性的影响规律。结果表明:二氧化碳在喷管喉部之后的扩张段发生凝结,生成大量的二氧化碳液滴;随着喷管入口温度增加,尽管凝结的二氧化碳液滴数量增加,但喷管出口和中轴线上的液相质量分数减小,凝结位置越靠近喷管出口;随着喷管入口压力增加,混合气体在喷管出口的压力和温度升高、速度减小,二氧化碳在喷管内凝结产生的液滴数量减少,喷管出口和中心轴线上的液相质量分数越大。

长庆油田数智化油藏建设理论与实践

随着油气勘探认识和技术的不断进步,盆地边缘新层系非常规储层成为油气增储上产的重要领域,开采难度增加,工作量培增。然而,油田用工总量不增反降,如何提升油气藏研究的精细化水平,培育新质生产力,打造油田高质量发展新引擎,是油田急需解决的问题。长庆油田制定了“125”数智化油藏建设规划,通过数智化技术,助力资源勘探、油气开发和新能源3大主业的高质量发展。立足数智化油藏学科长远建设,结合地质研究、井位部署与随钻、产能建设、稳产提产等领域的数智化建设特点,总结出一套高效稳健的数智化油藏建设理论与方法,形成了“一体系四中台”基本建设思路,制定了勘探开发数智化整体解决方案。在该理论指导下,建成了数字油气藏研究与决策支持平台,有效推进了长庆油田的快速上产稳产,现已成为中国石油天然气集团有限公司的品牌产品,支撑着长庆油田向国际一流大油气田迈进。

准噶尔盆地永进油田侏罗系超深层致密砂岩储层成岩相识别及分布预测

深层致密砂岩储层非均质性强、分布规律复杂,地质甜点预测难度大。为实现高效勘探开发,如何准确识别与预测井间储层成岩相亟需深入研究。综合利用岩心、测井和三维地震资料,在准噶尔盆地永进油田侏罗系超深层储层成岩作用研究基础上,开展了成岩相识别及分布预测研究,认为储层成岩作用类型主要有压实作用、胶结作用及溶蚀与交代作用,可划分为强溶蚀+绿泥石包壳、中等溶蚀+自生高岭石、中等钙质胶结溶蚀、强钙质胶结及压实致密等5种成岩相。基于测井资料,利用岩石物理参数、物性参数对储层成岩相类型进行了综合识别,确定其垂向分布规律。研究发现强溶蚀+绿泥石包壳和中等溶蚀+自生高岭石这两种优势成岩相主要位于三角洲主干分流河道砂体内部,储层物性较好,是油层发育的主要部位。基于成岩相与地震纵波阻抗的对应关系分析,发现优势成岩相纵波阻抗相对较低,可通过纵波阻抗的数值分布特征预测优势成岩相分布。因此利用三维地震纵波阻抗反演成果开展了成岩相分布预测,根据纵波阻抗与不同类型成岩相对应关系落实了优势成岩相发育区。结果表明,优势成岩相主要位于研究区东北部的Y301—Y302井区以及西北部Y1井区,呈局部连片分布发育。储层成岩相识别可以为超深层地质甜点的分布预测研究提供重要依据。

大庆油田SEC储量折耗一体化评估模型

SEC储量是大庆油田有限责任公司经营决策的核心资产,是油气生产的物质基础。油气资产折耗和SEC储量相关,是完全成本中的重要构成部分,决定了油田经营效益。大庆油田进入双特高含水后期,开发对象变差导致增储能力变差、油气资产折耗上升,因此亟需开展SEC储量折耗一体化优化研究,使储量和折耗指标最优。结合折耗计算公式、ARPS递减模型和经济极限产量计算模型等公式,进行科学归纳和推导,建立了SEC储量折耗一体化增储模型,并且在量化分析各种影响因素的基础上,明确了储量和折耗的优化次序和参数,给油田开发经营提出建议。模型应用在大庆油田年度SEC储量评估中,使油田增储能力逐年提升,油气资产折耗得到有效控制。研究成果具有通用性和适应性,可以在国内其他油田推广应用。

大庆长垣油田水驱开发技术智能化实践与展望

数字化转型、智能化发展是老油田开发技术提档升级、提质增效的必要途径。全面总结了国内外油田开发技术智能化研究进展,介绍了人工智能技术在大庆长垣油田水驱开发中的应用进展及取得的重要成果,尤其强调了智能测井解释、智能井震结合储层预测、基于数据挖掘的注水优化调整以及措施井层智能优选等关键技术在提升油田开发效率、效果和经济效益方面的积极作用。通过技术创新,大庆长垣油田水驱自然递减率控制到7%以下,年含水上升值控制到0.2百分点以内,实现了特高含水后期油田的高水平、高质量开发。在此基础上,展望了水驱开发技术的智能化发展方向,指出应加快油气大语言模型的应用,加强实时动态监测技术的研发,并通过数字孪生模型、智能方案编制、注采智能优化等手段推动油田开发向更高水平的智能化转型。

金属有机框架MIL-101(Fe)用于增强光催化降解含油污水中的原油

利用溶剂热法合成了一种稳定的金属有机框架(MOF)MIL-101(Fe),并作为一种新型光催化剂提高了油田废水中原油的降解性能。通过对反应条件的优化,确定了以下最佳参数:暗反应时间为30 min,光反应时间为30 min,p H值为5.5,催化剂量为150 mg/L,反应温度为303.15 K。在这些反应条件下,去除率达到了94.73%。本研究是铁基MOFs在油田废水光催化降解中的应用。MIL-101(Fe)在温和的酸性条件下表现出良好的稳定性,并且可以有效地循环利用。这些发现为利用MIL-101(Fe)作为一种很有前途的工业应用材料,通过光催化降解从受油污染的水中去除原油提供了有价值的见解。

大庆油田萨中开发区二、三类油层同步挖潜补压结合射孔方法

大庆油田萨中开发区二类油层和三类油层平面、纵向交互分布,目前尚未形成同步开发方法。从射孔角度出发,通过分析油层特点,匹配射孔工艺方法,二类油层匹配深穿透(穿深为956 mm)射孔、三类油层匹配超深穿透(穿深为1 308 mm)射孔,建立单井“组合射孔”模式;针对大段三类油层,通过抽稀射孔数,提高单卡层段数,提高过孔压力,建立“组合射孔+限流法压裂”模式。数值模拟和现场分析结果表明:该方法在萨中开发区2个二、三类油层同步挖潜区块应用,“组合射孔”实施20口井,采出端单井含水率多降低2.0%、日产油量增加1.2 t;“组合射孔配套限流法压裂”实施6口井,实现了单孔排量0.6 m3/min以上,平均单井产液量增幅17.56%,含水率多降低0.94百分点。研究成果可有效指导投产设计,对二、三类油层的同步挖潜和提质增效具有重要意义。

哈拉哈塘油田塔河北区块奥陶系断裂发育特征及断控区储层类型与分布预测

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层非均质性复杂,亟需开展评价预测研究。本文基于哈拉哈塘油田地质及地震资料,开展了碳酸盐岩缝洞储层归位、储层空间展布、储层与断裂的匹配关系、井间连通性研究。在此基础上,依据实钻、测录井资料及生产动态分析,开展了断控区碳酸盐岩储层缝洞雕刻。研究结果表明:哈拉哈塘油田断裂系统发育包括加里东早-中时期、加里东晚期-海西早期、海西晚期、燕山期4个阶段;断裂走向和断裂发育的多期次性是断裂系统的通源性的主控因素;断块水平滑移的增大将使走滑断裂具有较好的连通性;断裂的平面扩溶宽度受断裂活动强度以及深部通源分支断层发育程度控制。此外,为明确潜山岩溶区、层间岩溶区、断控岩溶区碳酸盐岩储层的空间形态与分布特征,开展了针对性的储层预测,以反演成果为主,结合属性、沉积、钻井等资料,对储层进行多属性综合预测。预测结果显示,哈拉哈塘油田塔河北区块的潜山岩溶区断裂带的通源性、连通性及扩溶性整体较好,有利于大型溶蚀孔-缝-洞储集体的形成,储层平面展布呈连片特征,储层质量最优,是未来油气勘探开发的重点区域。研究认识揭示了哈拉哈塘油田塔河北区块奥陶系断裂发育特征及断控区有利储层的分布区域,以期为有效指导深层-超深层断控区碳酸盐岩油气勘探与开发工作提供依据。

普通稠油降黏复合驱技术研究与矿场试验

针对普通稠油油藏水驱采收率低且热采成本高、碳排放量大的问题,基于春光油田低温高盐储层的流体性质,优选了阴离子型降黏剂和耐盐聚合物,通过室内物理模拟实验,明确了热水驱、单一降黏剂驱、复合驱的降水增油机理;建立了降黏复合驱反应动力学方程,在CMG-STARS软件中开发了降黏复合驱数值模拟方法,并优化了春2单元普通稠油降黏复合驱井网、井距及注采方案。研究结果表明:降黏复合驱可以充分发挥驱替相增黏、被驱替相降黏的加和效应,具有体系用量少、碳排放低、提高采收率幅度大等优势;降黏复合驱适合五点法井网,注采井距应小于200 m,在增稠剂质量分数为0.25%、降黏剂质量分数为0.20%的条件下,最佳注入段塞量为0.5倍孔隙体积,注采比为1.05。矿场实践表明,特高含水后期(含水率96.0%)的油井实施降黏复合驱,含水率降幅达30%以上,日增油5 t/d。研究证实了该项技术矿场应用的可行性,可为改善普通稠油开发效果、实现工业减排提供借鉴。

油田废水的混凝处理技术研究进展

国内油田的开发关乎国家能源安全,油田开发与生产过程会产生大量废水,油田废水的高效处理与资源化利用是我国石油工业绿色低碳发展的关键。目前,混凝工艺因其成熟、经济、实用等特点成为油田废水处理中不可缺少的一项技术。综述了混凝工艺处理油田废水的研究现状与进展,重点介绍了油田废水处理中常用的混凝工艺,阐述了典型混凝剂在油田废水中的应用,并列举了新型复合混凝剂的处理效果与特点,在此基础上梳理了用于提升混凝效果的工艺技术。此外,结合实际工程应用,着重分析了混凝工艺处理油田废水存在的问题以及未来发展方向,以期为油田废水混凝处理技术的研究、开发与应用提供参考。