This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity （WHC） and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat, ageing meat or frozen meat. Pre-rigor pork, ageing pork ...This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity （WHC） and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat, ageing meat or frozen meat. Pre-rigor pork, ageing pork and frozen pork were pre-blended with five levels of phosphate and made into emulsion-type sausage. The yield, hardness and total expressible fluid （TEF） were measured with texture profile analysis machine and pressiometer when emulsion-type sausage was produced. Meanwhile, hardness and purge loss （PL） were measured during 30 d storage. As emusion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, higher yield and relatively stable hardness could be found. It indicated that increasing of phosphate level caused an alleviatable effects in increasing of hardness when emulsion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, but opposite effects made by ageing meat or frozen meat. The distribution of PL of emulsion-type sausage was found to be affected by phosphate addition. Significant decrease of PL could not be obtained by increasing of phosphate level during storage. Pre-rigor meat improved WHC and texture of emulsion-type sausage. Problem of WHC and texture of emulsiontype sausage during storage could not be resolved by single use of phosphate at relatively higher level （3%） of NaCl.展开更多
This study compared the effects of conventional thawing methods(water immersion thawing(WIT,(25±1)℃),natural air thawing(AT,(25±1)℃,relative humidity(RH(65±2)per cent),refrigerator thawing(RT,4℃,RH(8...This study compared the effects of conventional thawing methods(water immersion thawing(WIT,(25±1)℃),natural air thawing(AT,(25±1)℃,relative humidity(RH(65±2)per cent),refrigerator thawing(RT,4℃,RH(80±2)per cent)and low-temperature(LT)combined with high-humidity thawing LT,-1℃to 1℃(LT-1-1),2-4℃(LT2-4),5-7℃(LT5-7)and 8-10℃(LT8-10),RH>95 per cent)on the water-holding capacity,lipid oxidation and biochemical properties of Portunus trituberculatus(P.trituberculatus)myofibrillar protein.The results showed that WIT and AT significantly decreased the water-holding capacity while dramatically increasing lipid oxidation,protein oxidation and degeneration,resulting in serious P.trituberculatus quality deterioration.High humidity was beneficial for P.trituberculatus\.ha\A/\ng.The thawing time of P.trituberculatus under the conditions of LT2-4 was only 39.39 per cent of that of conventional air thawing at 4℃(RT),and the LT2-4 samples not only maintained better water-holding capacity but also had an obviously reduced degree of lipid oxidation,protein oxidation and denaturation.Thawed samples LT2-4 and LT5-7 provided better maintenance of P.trituberculatus quality than the LT-1-1 and LT8-10 samples.The best quality was exhibited after thawing at 2-4℃.The levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances,carbonyl content and surface hydrophobicity observably decreased in these samples,while the total sulfhydryl contents dramatically increased compared to those of conventionally thawed samples,indicating lower lipid oxidation and protein oxidation.Moreover,the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the sample thawed at 2-4℃(2.06 μmol Pi/mg prot/h)was markedly higher than that of samples subjected to WIT and AT.The product qualities observed after thawing at-1℃to 1℃,5-7℃and 8-10℃under LT were comparable to that observed by RT.Considering its thawing efficiency and product quality,LT is a suitable method for the thawing of P.trituberculatus,and the ideal thawing conditions were LT at 2-4℃.展开更多
Land subsidence caused by underground coal mining is one of the most prominent environment problems in China. The reclamation of mining subsidence land with Yellow River sediment was considered to be feasible, but its...Land subsidence caused by underground coal mining is one of the most prominent environment problems in China. The reclamation of mining subsidence land with Yellow River sediment was considered to be feasible, but its effectiveness needs to be verified. An integrated reclamation technology with Yellow River sediment was evaluated using a comparison of actual crop production soil profile analysis in Jining City, China. The results indicated that reconstructed soil profile of the reclaimed farmland was less effective in retaining water and in supporting plant growth than that of the unaltered farmland. Some measures are proposed, such as reducing the drainage velocity to allow sedimentation and retention of the clay and silt, changing the techniques of filling the Yellow River sediment and increasing the organic matter content in the soil layers to improve the capacity to retain water in the reclaimed farmland.展开更多
通过大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)冷冻前后功能性的变化,研究低温冷冻条件(料液比、冷冻温度、冷冻时间)对SPI功能性(保水保油性、乳化特性及质构特性)的影响。结果表明:在经过冷冻实验的样品中,随着SPI添加量的减小,其...通过大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)冷冻前后功能性的变化,研究低温冷冻条件(料液比、冷冻温度、冷冻时间)对SPI功能性(保水保油性、乳化特性及质构特性)的影响。结果表明:在经过冷冻实验的样品中,随着SPI添加量的减小,其保水保油性、乳化性先增加后减小,当SPI料液比为1∶12时,其保水性、保油性、乳化稳定性、硬度和弹性均达到相对最大;冷冻温度为-18℃时,其保水保油性、乳化性、硬度和弹性相对最大,-20℃时,其乳化稳定性相对最好;随着冷冻时间延长,其乳化稳定性减小,冷冻3 d时,SPI的乳化稳定性相对最好,冷冻2 d时其保水性相对最大。和未经冷冻处理的原样品相比,经过冷冻处理的SPI,功能性明显减弱,其中保水保油性、乳化性、质构特性都小于未冷冻处理的SPI。展开更多
基金supported by the Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year PlanPeriod (2006BAD05A15)
文摘This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity （WHC） and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat, ageing meat or frozen meat. Pre-rigor pork, ageing pork and frozen pork were pre-blended with five levels of phosphate and made into emulsion-type sausage. The yield, hardness and total expressible fluid （TEF） were measured with texture profile analysis machine and pressiometer when emulsion-type sausage was produced. Meanwhile, hardness and purge loss （PL） were measured during 30 d storage. As emusion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, higher yield and relatively stable hardness could be found. It indicated that increasing of phosphate level caused an alleviatable effects in increasing of hardness when emulsion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, but opposite effects made by ageing meat or frozen meat. The distribution of PL of emulsion-type sausage was found to be affected by phosphate addition. Significant decrease of PL could not be obtained by increasing of phosphate level during storage. Pre-rigor meat improved WHC and texture of emulsion-type sausage. Problem of WHC and texture of emulsiontype sausage during storage could not be resolved by single use of phosphate at relatively higher level （3%） of NaCl.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFD0400304)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Agricultural of Ningbo,China(No.2016C11016).
文摘This study compared the effects of conventional thawing methods(water immersion thawing(WIT,(25±1)℃),natural air thawing(AT,(25±1)℃,relative humidity(RH(65±2)per cent),refrigerator thawing(RT,4℃,RH(80±2)per cent)and low-temperature(LT)combined with high-humidity thawing LT,-1℃to 1℃(LT-1-1),2-4℃(LT2-4),5-7℃(LT5-7)and 8-10℃(LT8-10),RH>95 per cent)on the water-holding capacity,lipid oxidation and biochemical properties of Portunus trituberculatus(P.trituberculatus)myofibrillar protein.The results showed that WIT and AT significantly decreased the water-holding capacity while dramatically increasing lipid oxidation,protein oxidation and degeneration,resulting in serious P.trituberculatus quality deterioration.High humidity was beneficial for P.trituberculatus\.ha\A/\ng.The thawing time of P.trituberculatus under the conditions of LT2-4 was only 39.39 per cent of that of conventional air thawing at 4℃(RT),and the LT2-4 samples not only maintained better water-holding capacity but also had an obviously reduced degree of lipid oxidation,protein oxidation and denaturation.Thawed samples LT2-4 and LT5-7 provided better maintenance of P.trituberculatus quality than the LT-1-1 and LT8-10 samples.The best quality was exhibited after thawing at 2-4℃.The levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances,carbonyl content and surface hydrophobicity observably decreased in these samples,while the total sulfhydryl contents dramatically increased compared to those of conventionally thawed samples,indicating lower lipid oxidation and protein oxidation.Moreover,the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the sample thawed at 2-4℃(2.06 μmol Pi/mg prot/h)was markedly higher than that of samples subjected to WIT and AT.The product qualities observed after thawing at-1℃to 1℃,5-7℃and 8-10℃under LT were comparable to that observed by RT.Considering its thawing efficiency and product quality,LT is a suitable method for the thawing of P.trituberculatus,and the ideal thawing conditions were LT at 2-4℃.
基金This research was supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program （2012BAC04B03） during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period and National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 41771542）.
文摘Land subsidence caused by underground coal mining is one of the most prominent environment problems in China. The reclamation of mining subsidence land with Yellow River sediment was considered to be feasible, but its effectiveness needs to be verified. An integrated reclamation technology with Yellow River sediment was evaluated using a comparison of actual crop production soil profile analysis in Jining City, China. The results indicated that reconstructed soil profile of the reclaimed farmland was less effective in retaining water and in supporting plant growth than that of the unaltered farmland. Some measures are proposed, such as reducing the drainage velocity to allow sedimentation and retention of the clay and silt, changing the techniques of filling the Yellow River sediment and increasing the organic matter content in the soil layers to improve the capacity to retain water in the reclaimed farmland.
文摘以罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.areus)鱼糜为原料,通过向鱼糜中添加不同剂量的羧甲基琼胶(Carboxymethyl agar,CMA),并测定鱼糜凝胶的强度、持水性、质构特性、色泽、蛋白化学组成和微观结构等指标,研究了CMA对鱼糜凝胶性能的影响。结果表明,添加量为0.5%~2.0%时,CMA可显著提高鱼糜的凝胶强度(P<0.05),最高达70.7%;1.5%~2.5%的CMA可显著提高凝胶持水性(P<0.05);添加量为1.5%~2.0%时,CMA对鱼糜凝胶的质构特性具有良好的改善效果;添加量为0.5%时,CMA对鱼糜凝胶具有显著的增白效果(P<0.05);CMA对鱼糜蛋白化学作用力具有显著影响(P<0.05),适量添加可以破坏离子键,促进氢键、疏水键和二硫键的形成,促使鱼糜发生胶凝化;SDS-PAGE电泳和扫描电镜分析结果显示,CMA促使了肌球蛋白重链(Myosin heavy chain,MHC)之间的交联,添加1.5%的CMA可使鱼糜凝胶形成均匀、致密的网络结构。总之,罗非鱼鱼糜中添加1.0%~1.5%的CMA,改变了鱼糜的持水性、化学作用力和蛋白质的聚集性,增强了蛋白质的交联作用,改进了鱼糜凝胶的网络结构,从而提升了鱼糜的凝胶性能。
文摘通过大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)冷冻前后功能性的变化,研究低温冷冻条件(料液比、冷冻温度、冷冻时间)对SPI功能性(保水保油性、乳化特性及质构特性)的影响。结果表明:在经过冷冻实验的样品中,随着SPI添加量的减小,其保水保油性、乳化性先增加后减小,当SPI料液比为1∶12时,其保水性、保油性、乳化稳定性、硬度和弹性均达到相对最大;冷冻温度为-18℃时,其保水保油性、乳化性、硬度和弹性相对最大,-20℃时,其乳化稳定性相对最好;随着冷冻时间延长,其乳化稳定性减小,冷冻3 d时,SPI的乳化稳定性相对最好,冷冻2 d时其保水性相对最大。和未经冷冻处理的原样品相比,经过冷冻处理的SPI,功能性明显减弱,其中保水保油性、乳化性、质构特性都小于未冷冻处理的SPI。
