Impacts of Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme on Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in the Lower Yellow River

As a river with more than 3000 reservoirs in its watershed,the Yellow River has been affected by dams not only on the sediment load,but also on the water quality.Water-sediment regulation scheme(WSRS),which has been carried out annually in the Yellow River since 2002,is a typical human activity affecting river water quality.Chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in river is susceptible to changes in ecological and environmental conditions as well as human activities.Here,we report variations in dissolved organic carbon concentrations,compositions and sources of CDOM in time series samples in the lower Yellow River during WSRS.In addition,a parallel factor fluorescence analysis(PARAFAC)method is applied to identify different fluorescent components in water samples during WRSR,showing four major components including tryptophan-like component(C1),microbial humic-like component(C2),terrestrial humic-like component(C3)and tyrosine-like component(C4).In general,C1 increased after water regulation,while C2 and C3 increased after sediment regulation,indicating that the water and sediment released by the dam have different effects on CDOM compositions.Under the impacts of the dam,source of CDOM in the lower Yellow River is mainly autochthonous related to microbial activities,and is regulated by the terrestrial input during WSRS period.Sediment resuspension inhibits microbial activities and reduces the production of autochthonous CDOM.Overall,human activities especially WSRS,as exemplified here,significantly alter the quality and quantity of CDOM in the lower Yellow River,affecting CDOM dynamics and biogeochemical processes in the estuarine environment.

Effect of water-sediment regulation and its impact on coastline and suspended sediment concentration in Yellow River Estuary

Implementation of the water-sediment regulation(WSR) scheme, mainly focused on solving the sedimentation problems of reservoirs and the lower reaches of the Yellow River, has inevitably influenced the sediment distribution and coastal morphology of the Yellow River Estuary.Using coastline delineation and suspended sediment concentration(SSC) retrieval methods, this study investigated water and sediment changes,identified detailed inter-annual and intra-annual variations of the coastline and SSC in the normal period(NP: 1986-2001, before and after the flood season) and WSR period(WSRP: 2002-2013, before and after WSR). The results indicate that(1) the sedimentation in the low reaches of the Yellow River turned into erosion from 2002 onward;(2) the inter-annual coastline changes could be divided into an accretion stage(1986-1996), a slow erosion stage(1996-2002), and a slow accretion stage(2002-2013);(3) an intra-annual coastline extension occurred in the river mouth in most years of the WSRP; and(4) the mean intra-annual accretion area was 0.789 km^2 in the NP and 4.73 km2 in the WSRP,and the mean SSC increased from 238 mg/L to 293 mg/L in the NP and from 192 mg/L to 264 mg/L in the WSRP.

Impact of the water-sediment regulation and a rainstorm on nutrient transport in the Huanghe River

Dissolved nutrient concentration in the Huanghe （Yellow） River at Lijin was monitored during a water-sediment regulation period and a subsequent rainstorm from 14 June to 19 July, 2005. This study provides detailed information on nutrient concentrations in the Huanghe River during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods, and is of significance for the downstream area of the Huanghe River and the Bohai Sea. The average concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were 304.7 μmol/L, 0.19 μmol/L, and 1.10 μmol/L, respectively, while the average concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus （DIP） and dissolved silicate （DSi） were 0.23 gmol/L and 122.9 ktmol/L, respectively. Nutrient concentrations during the water-sediment regulation period were mainly influenced by the dilution effect, floodplain effect and sediment resuspension while dilution and erosion effects were the main factors during the rainstorm. The fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, DIP and DSi during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods accounted for 20.4%, 19.5%, 16.7% and 4.97%, 6.45%, 5.47% of the annual nutrient fluxes, respectively. Discharge was the main factor influencing the fluxes of nutrients during both the water- sediment regulation and the rainstorm periods.

Experimental study on large wood filtration performance by herringbone water-sediment separation structure

A herringbone water-sediment separation structure(hereinafter referred to as "herringbone structure") has been shown to be effective in separating coarse inorganic debris; however, less is known regarding the large wood(LW) filtration effect in this structure. This paper presents preliminary research on the wood filtration effect of the herringbone structure based on physical model tests.The results show that the herringbone structure exhibited effective performance in large wood size segregation, with a 100% component filtration rate for LW that diameter(D) larger than ribbed beam opening width(a). The total filtration rate also exceeded 80% when the Fraud number(Fr) is larger than 2.64 and increased with the increase of Fr. After exceeding Frmax, total filtration rate would be decreased due to overflow. Beside flow condition,structure parameters influence significantly on LW filtration rate. We attempt to explain the filtration process via particle contact trajectory and particle movement trajectory. The inclined angle of ribbed beam(γ) contributed the most variation to the filtration rate via influencing the coincidence with particle contact trajectory and particle movement trajectory. The high sensitivity coefficient of ribbed beam(θ) under relatively low Fr conditions implies remarkable influences on LW filtration effects by causing clogging problem. The ribbed beam opening width(a) together with LW diameter(D) influenced the size segregation performance.

The influence of water-sediment regulation on macrobenthic community structures in the Huanghe River(Yellow River)Estuary during 2012–2016

To determine if water-sediment regulation has affected macrobenthic community structure in the Huanghe River Estuary,China,macrobenthic samples were collected following regulation events from 2012 to 2016.We identify seven phyla and 138 macrobenthic species from within samples throughout the survey area,over time.Species richness and abundance in 2012 were significantly higher than in 2016.Biomass did not differ significantly during 2012–2016.Dominant species were mostly small polychaetes,with mollusks,arthropods,and echinoderms all being relatively rare.In 2016,dominant species were small polychaetes.MDS reveals macrobenthic communities at all surveyed distances from the estuary to have become the same community structure over time.Shannon-Wiener diversity and Margalef richness indexes trended down over time.CCA reveals the most dominant sediment-dwelling species to prefer lower dissolved oxygen,sulfides,and pH,and sediments with high D50 and low clay content.We speculate that water-sediment regulation has affected seabed communities,particularly Region A in our survey area.

Determination of optimal grid opening width for herringbone water-sediment separation structures based on sediment separation efficiency

The herringbone water-sediment separation structure(HWSSS) was developed to prevent debris flows. This paper mainly focuses on evaluating the sediment separation efficiency of HWSSS in debris flow prevention and determining the grid opening width D, a crucial structure parameter for HWSSS design. Theoretical analysis on the total sediment separation rate Pt reveals that the efficiency of sediment separation is much related with sediment grain size distribution(GSD) and grid opening width. The lower limit of Pt is deduced from the perspective of safety consideration by transforming debris flow into sediment-laden flow. Hydraulic model tests were carried out. Based on the regression analysis of the experimental data, the quantitative relationships between Pt and D and GSD characteristic values were finally established. A procedure for determining optimal grid opening width is proposed based on these analyses. These results are of significance in evaluating sediment separation effect by HWSSS in debris flow prevention and contribute to a more explicit methodology for design of HWSSS.

THE STUDY ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF RIVER BED EROSION FOR WATER-SEDIMENT TWO-PHASE FLOW

Based on the tensor analysis of water-sediment two-phase how, the basic model equations for clear water flow and sediment-laden flow are deduced in the general curve coordinates for natural water variable-density turbulent how. Furthermore, corresponding boundary conditions are also presented in connection with the composition and movement of non-uniform bed material. The theoretical results are applied to the calculation of the float open caisson in the construction period and good results are obtained.

Impact of Water-Sediment Regulation on Variations of Amino Acids in the Middle-Lower Yellow River, China

In order to examine the impacts of water-sediment regulation on regional carbon cycling,we collected water,particulate and sediment samples from the middle-lower Yellow River in late June and early July,2015 and analyzed their specific amino acids(AA),DOC,POC,and bacteria abundance.Summarized by 14 specific AA,the total hydrolysable AA(THAA),particulate AA(PAA),and sediment AA(SAA)varied in ranges of 2.29-9.05μmol L^-1,5.22-22.96μmol L^-1,and 81.7-137.19μg g^-1 dry weight.After the regulation,dissolved free AA(DFAA)decreased by 29%while DCAA increased by 72%.These variations suggested that DFAA were further degraded,while DCAA molecules were further activated.Meanwhile,PAA increased almost 4 times as many as those before regulation,and SAA increased as well.After regulation,the amounts of bioactive amino acids(Asp,Glu and Gly)increased in THAA but decreased in PAA,with little changes in SAA.The ratios of Asp/Gly in different phases increased after regulation,indicating the AA contributions were promoted by calcareous organisms rather than by siliceous organisms.Multiple correlation analysis showed that PAA was primary representatives of AA and organic carbon,followed by DCAA and POC.Moreover,bacterial reproduction played a key role in shaping the AA compositions and properties,followed by the redox condition and acid-base balance.The results of this study provided a clear evidence for the effects of water-sediment regulation on regional biogeochemistry of organic carbon in the middle-lower Yellow River.

Nutrient exchange and release experiment and its simulation study in lake water-sediment interface

The sediment distributed and insolated under lake was collected for experiments. The nutrient layer distribution conditions of sampled sediment and its physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed to simulate and assess the influence degree to lake water quality. Based on the dynamic water exchanging experiments the nutrient release process in sediment and influence mechanism to substance exchanging on water-sediment interface was studied, and the correlation between the changing content of total phosphors and total nitrogen in sediment and covered water were analyzed for setting up a simulation model. At the same time the influence degree is explained in detail. The experimental results indicated that even if clean water without nutrient contents was used for water exchangement so as to decrease pollution or prevent eutrophication, however owing to the vertical nutrient distribution in lake sediment, it will lead to the increasing release amount greatly especially when the organic nutrient contained in sediment turns into inorganic status because of isolation. Besides the release process of total phosphate （TP） and total nitrogen （TN） were modeled and each nutrient＇s exchanging equation at interface caused by covered water nutrient concentration changing was set up. According to the simulating prediction, TP and TN content of cover water will also sustain a steady higher level in a long period. The nutrient release amount of sediment is not only affected by the covered water concentration but also connects with accumulative time. The experiments provide the fundamental theoretical and practical basis for taking ecological restoration project. And research is helpful to prevent or restore lake eutrophication.

REE distribution in water-sediment interface system at deep ocean floor

REE concentrations and distribution patterns in the different phases of water-sediment interface system at deep ocean floor were studied on the basis of samples of bottom water, sediments, interstitial water and polymetallic nodules collected from the East Pacific Basin by R/V Haiyang 4 during HY4-871 and HY4-881Cruises. It is suggested that REE concentrations in oxic interstitial water are lower than that in bottom weter,REE contents of polymetallic nodules, except Ce, are similar to that of sediments. Bottom water, sediments and interstitial water are almost the same in REE distribution patterns. MREE enrichment relative to LREE and HREE and negative Ce anomalies, MREE earichment has been found in polymetallic nodules,and Ce shows positive anomalies. REE contents in sediments increase with depth, and the vacations of distribution patterns with depth have not been found.

Environmental Flow Assessment Using Water-Sediment Approach at the Sekampung River, Indonesia

Environmental issue has been considered more significant in many aspects of engineering decision-making process particularly in river management. There is an increasing effort to conserve functioning of rivers for human use as well as nature, therefore environmental flow assessment has been widely developed. This paper discusses on environmental flow assessment of the Sekampung River, particularly on its middle reach. A new analytical approach based on water-sediment equations was introduced in order to determine a minimum environmental flow at the certain cross section of a river. The result of the new method was then compared with a minimum environmental flow provided by using two hydrological based methods, namely, Tennant and Flow Duration Curve Analysis (FDCA) method. The result shows that the concerned discharge provided by the water-sediment method (3.5 m3/s) is the smallest compare with a minimum environmental flow that is provided by both Tennant (5.7 m3/s) and FDCA method (4.5 m3/s). It is promising that the water-sediment method can be used as a simple approach on preliminary state of environmental flow assessment. The method involves not only water discharge but also its related sediment flow of the river in order to mitigate further ecological and morphological risks.

新疆乌尔禾地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向研究

乌尔禾地区位于哈萨克斯坦板块准噶尔微板块的西北缘,达拉布特断裂的东南侧。本文以研究区1∶5万水系沉积物测量的15种元素数据为基础,统计分析了研究区的元素富集特征、元素离散特征、元素相关性及元素地球化学场特征等,查明了单元地质体内的元素富集规律,同时利用变化系数大小对富集元素进行了成矿可能性预测。依据研究区地质背景和地球化学显示的元素组合特征,研究分析认为研究区金、铜、钼为主要成矿元素,其余元素为成矿指示元素和伴生元素。

长江-涨渡湖水系沉积物微塑料分布与赋存特征

探究微塑料在涨渡湖水系的分布和赋存特征,可为湖泊沉积物微塑料老化及生物毒性风险评估提供基础数据。在阻隔湖泊涨渡湖、七湖、陶家大湖、邻近长江干支流和连通水道设置11个采样点,通过采集表层沉积物,分析了长江-涨渡湖水系沉积物微塑料丰度、尺寸、形状和种类组成。结果显示,长江-涨渡湖水系所有采样点沉积物中均有微塑料存在,其干物质中微塑料平均丰度为2602.25 n/kg,其中涨渡湖的微塑料丰度最高,为5687.69 n/kg。微塑料尺寸主要分布在[20,50]μm,占微塑料总颗粒数的59.04%;尺寸大于100μm时,微塑料丰度随尺寸的增大而减小;薄膜状微塑料最多,占微塑料总颗粒数的56.06%;微塑料种类主要为聚氯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、氟橡胶和氯化聚乙烯。研究结果有助于了解湖泊微塑料赋存现状及提升水生态环境质量。

涨渡湖水系沉积物重金属分布及生态风险浅析

了解涨渡湖重金属污染状况及对环境的影响,为长江中下游湖泊重金属风险评价和污染防治提供基础数据。2022年7月在涨渡湖水系设置11个采样点采集沉积物样品,并测定样品中Cr、Mn、As、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb共8种重金属的含量,同时分析样品沉积物中微塑料吸附重金属的种类,并评估了重金属生态风险。结果显示:涨渡湖水系不同研究区域沉积物中重金属含量分布不同,表现为邻近干支流>连通水道>阻隔湖泊;沉积物中微塑料表面吸附重金属包括Zn、Ag和Sn,其中,Zn和Ag占微塑料表面吸附元素百分比较高,分别为20.01%和8.49%。生态风险评估结果显示,涨渡湖水系沉积物中重金属污染负荷指数I_(PL)平均值为1.15,处于中等污染水平;潜在生态风险指数I_(R)平均值为78.96,处于低度污染水平。综合结果表明,涨渡湖水系沉积物重金属总体处于低-中等污染水平,其中长江干支流江段重金属污染程度和生态风险高于连通水道和阻隔湖泊,这种重金属分布和污染格局主要受研究区域周围环境、人类活动和水文条件的影响。

罗非鱼混养对广西三江传统稻渔综合种养系统环境及其菌群多样性的影响

研究罗非鱼混养对广西三江传统稻渔综合种养系统环境的影响,可为科学推广稻田金边鲤-罗非鱼混养模式提供基础。2021年5-10月设置3个试验组和1个对照组研究不同密度混养对种养系统环境及菌群多样性的影响,其中试验组内进行罗非鱼和金边鲤的混养,对照组为鲤单养组。结果表明,金边鲤的生长未受到罗非鱼混养的影响;高通量测序结果显示水体中的主要菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),其次为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria),主要功能为化能异养和有氧化能异养;底泥中的主要菌群为变形菌门和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),其次为酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)和蓝菌门,主要功能类群为甲烷生成和化能异养。罗非鱼高密度混养组稻田底泥中的总氮和硝酸盐氮含量有所下降,水体中Polynucleobacter等水质良好的指示物种相对丰度增加,罗非鱼混养对稻渔综合种养系统环境及其菌群产生了有益的影响。

无线通信技术在二水厂沉淀池自动控制系统中的应用

本文主要阐述无线通信技术在净水厂排泥系统中的应用。在水厂生产过程中,应用无线AP技术,通过PLC自动控制,能够有效解决人工排泥效率差的问题。无线AP技术能够在雷雨、高温等恶劣的露天环境中为沉淀池自动控制系统提供稳定可靠的数据通信,保障水厂生产的正常连续运行。实际应用表明,该系统运行效果良好,既降低排泥用水消耗,减少人工工作量,又降低人身安全风险,为净水厂排泥系统提供了一种较好的选择方案。

库水-淤砂层-坝体-坝基体系地震响应分析

针对我国西部水利工程结构面临的地震安全问题,特别是混凝土高拱坝的抗震安全设计,以小湾水电站混凝土高拱坝为研究对象,进行了库水-淤砂层-坝体-坝基体系的耦合动力分析,同时考虑了复杂的坝基地形、正常蓄水位的库水以及常年运行而堆积的淤沙层的影响。主要内容有:①基于传递矩阵法及二维有限元,实现了复杂峡谷地形的自由场计算;②基于水-饱和多孔介质-固体的统一计算框架,实现了库水-淤沙层-坝体-坝基体系的三维地震响应分析算法。最后,分别以脉冲波和地震波作为输入,探讨了小湾拱坝的地震响应规律及库水淤沙层对拱坝地震响应的影响。结果表明:坝体顶部中心区域会承受较大的拉、压应力;而库水底部淤砂层对坝体的位移及应力影响并不显著。

MSBR+高效沉淀池组合工艺在高排放标准下污水厂的应用

广西某污水处理厂设计能力为5×10^(4)m^(3)/d,采用10格MSBR+高效沉淀池处理工艺,出水作为环境综合整治后河道的生态补水。通过对处理水量达设计规模后的运行工况变化较大情况下的运行效果总结分析,并对超负荷运行、污泥浓度控制、出水带泥等问题提出了调控建议;实际运行数据表明,该组合工艺出水NH_(3)-N、TN、TP、SS平均消减效率分别达到99.6%、76%、97%、98.9%,主要指标甚至满足《地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)》Ⅳ类水标准,具有污水处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷强等特点,在南方丰水、雨污合流城市高排放标准污水处理方面有着较高的推广应用价值。

全自动凯氏定氮仪测定水系沉积物、土壤、岩石全氮含量方法的优化探索

本文通过改变硫酸钾(K_(2)SO_(4))和五水硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)两个联合消化催化剂比例,以及消化催化剂加入量、辛醇滴入量和浓硫酸加入量等条件,探究KII60型全自动凯氏定氮仪在测定水系沉积物与土壤中全氮含量方法的优化以及对比。该方法得出在加入硫酸钾(K_(2)SO_(4))与五水硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)质量比为9:1,加入浓硫酸量为6mL,辛醇最佳滴入量2滴为最佳条件。方法检出限低至25μg/g,相对标准偏差小于2.2%,相对误差小于0.65%,测定结果与传统方法无显著性差异。该方法简便、快捷、准确度高、精密度好,环境友好型,适用于水系沉积物、土壤和岩石中全氮含量的批量测定。

“古地理学术论坛”第1—17期评述

以《古地理学报》中文版、英文版编辑部为主,联合中国矿物岩石地球化学学会岩相古地理专业委员会、国际古地理学会和中国石油大学(北京)共同举办的“古地理学术论坛”,是促进古地理学创新发展、倡导开展公益学术讲座的学术交流平台。从2022年9月论坛开始至2024年1月共举办了17期,共计邀请21位专家学者(包括外国专家4位)在论坛作报告。报告内容紧密结合生产实践和科技前沿,既有高屋建瓴的沉积古地理学综述,也有与油气勘探关系密切的沉积体系与沉积环境、源汇系统、层序地层学、深水沉积研究,以及与深时古环境重建有关的事件沉积、遗迹化石、古野火、碳酸盐沉积、构造古地理学研究,还包括铝土矿成因等矿产沉积学研究。总体看来,系列报告理论联系实践,既立足基础又关注前沿,受到学者们较高的关注。