Water-Soluble Constituents of Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.) Bur.

In order to find new structural and biologically active compounds, the constituents of the bark of Cudrania tricuspidata （Carr.） Bur. were investigated and a new 6-p-hydroxybenzyltaxifolin glucoside, named tricusposide （compound 1）, together with 16 known compounds, was isolated by solvent partition, macroporous adsorption resin AB-8, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Using spectroscopic methods, the structures of the compounds were elucidated as 6-p-hydroxybenzyl taxifolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 1）, dihydroquerctin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 2）, dihydrokaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 3）, dihydroquercetin （compound 4）, peonoside （compound 5）, sphaerobioside （compound 6）, quercimeritrin （compound 7）, genistein （compound 8）, aromadendrin （compound 9）, kaempferol （compound 10）, genistin （compound 11）, 3,4-dihydroxystyryl alcohol （compound 12）, sucrose （compound 13）, 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone （compound 14）, gericudranin E （compound 15）, gericudranin C （compound 16）, and orobol （compound 17）. Compounds 2-6, 8, 9, 12-14, and 17 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Bioactive constituents and action mechanism of Xiaoyao San for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Xiaoyao San(XYS)is a classic Chinese medicine prescription.It is traditionally used to relieve syndrome of“liver stagnation and spleen deficiency”,a common syndrome type in traditional Chinese medicine,through soothing liver,tonifying spleen,and nourishing blood.Correspondingly,XYS has long application in the treatment of depression,dyspepsia and liver diseases.Given the rising of cutting-edge researches on XYS,there’s a significant need to diligently uncover the bioactive constituents and action mechanisms of XYS for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease accordingly.

Effect of mole ratio of Y to Zn on phase constituent of Mg-Zn-Zr-Y alloys

The phase constituent evolution of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys with the mole ratio of Y to Zn both in the as-cast and as-annealed states at the Mg-rich corner was investigated by XRD and SEM/EDS analysis and was further explained from the ternary phase diagram calculation. The results show that the formation of the secondary phases in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys firmly depends on the mole ratio of Y to Zn, and X （Mg 12 YZn）-phase, W （Mg 3 Y 2 Zn 3 ）-phase and I （Mg 3 YZn 6 ）-phase come out in sequence as the ratio of Y to Zn decreases. The mole ratios of Y to Zn with the corresponding phase constituent are suggested quantitatively as follows： the phase constituent is α-Mg ＋ I when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 0.164; α-Mg ＋ I ＋W when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is in the range of 0.164 0.33;α-Mg ＋W when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 0.33; α-Mg ＋W＋X when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is in the range of 0.33 1.32; and α-Mg ＋X when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 1.32. The results also offer a guideline for alloy selection and alloy design in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr system.

Chemical Constituents from Roots of Semiaquilegia adoxoides

Semiaquilegia adoxoides ( DC. ) Makino ( Chinese name ''Tian-Kui-Zi'' ) , theonly species of genus Semiaquilegia, belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. As a perennial herbaceousplant, both the aerial parts and the roots are used in traditional Chinese medicine for differentmedications. The roots are often used to treat inflammation, snake bite, bruises and injuries,tonsillitis, mastitis, scrofula, and cancer for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, andantineoplastic activities. The aerial parts are used for the treatment of mastitis, bruises, andheart diseases, such as endomyocarditis. The medicinal usage of this plant prompted us toinvestigate its chemical constituents. As a result, nine compounds 1-9 ( see Figure 1) were isolatedfrom the roots of S. adoxoides. Among them, compounds 1-7 and 9 were isolated from the genusSemiaquilegia for the first time.

The Chemical Constituents from the Bulbs of Ornithogalum caudatum

A new natural product (1) together with 26 know compounds were isolated from the Bulbs of Ornithogalum caudatum. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral analyses as n-butyl pyroglutamate (1), nonadecyl alcohol(2), eicosanol(3), behenic acid(4), b-sitosterol(5), stigmasterol(6), glycerol 1-monocerotate(7), pyrocatechol(8), p-ethoxybenzoic acid(9), p-coumarinic acid(10), protocatechuric acid(11), ursolic acid(12), betulinic acid(13), fumaric acid(14), succinic acid(15), uracil(16), xanthine(17), quercetin(18), kaempferol (19), isorham-netin(20), adenosine(21), daucosterol(22), stigmasterol 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside(23), quercetin 3-O-b-D-glucopyra-noside(24), kaempferol 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside(25), rutin(26), and kaempferol 3-O-b-rutinoside(27). All of them, except compound 5, were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents from Sappan Lignum

To study the chemical constituents of Sappan Lignum. Chemical constituents were isolated by method of solvent extraction, repeated chromatography with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS. The structures were elucidated based on spectro- scopic data. Fourteen compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as brazilin （1）, sappanone B （2）, （E）-3-（3,4- dihydroxybenzylidene）-7-hydroxychroman-4-one （3）, 3-deoxysappanone B （4）, brazilide A （5）, euxanthone （6）, quercetin （7）, rhamnetin （8）, sappanchalcone （9）, 3-deoxysappanchalcone （10）, butein （11）, 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde （12）, 3,8,9-trihydroxy- 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one （13） and 13-sitosterol （14）. Compounds 12 and 13 were two new natural compounds, and the ^13C NMR data of compound 13 were reported for the first time. Compound 6 was the first xanthone isolated from the genus Caesalpinia.

Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Lonicera japonica Thunb. from Different Origins by GC-MS

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the volatile constituents in Lonicera japonica Thunb. from different origins. [Method] HP-5MS capillary columns were used and column temperature was controlled by a program. MS analysis was performed with EI and quadruple mass analyzer. The volatile constituents in L. japonica Thunb. were identified by NIST02 and Wiley275 libraries, and their relative contents were determined with chromatographic peak area normalization method. [Result] According to GC-MS total ion-current chromatograms, 35 volatile constituents were identified in L. japonica Thunb. from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, mainly including methyl linolenate, n-hexadecanoic acid and ζ-muurolene; 18 volatile constituents were identified in L. japonica Thunb. from Hunan Province, mainly including n-hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid and α-curcumene. [Conclusion] Main volatile constituents in L. japonica Thunb. from two different origins varied significantly.

Chemical Constituents of Hedysarum gmelinii

To study the chemical constituents of Hedysarum gmelinii. Methods Theconstituents were separated and purified by different methods of chromatography, and theirstructures were elucidated by DR, MS and NMR. Results Eight compounds were isolated from Hedysarumgmelinii, including three triteipenoids, two flavonoids and two other compounds. Their structureswere identified as squasapogenol (1), soyasapogenol (2), lupeol (3), 3, 9-dihydroxy coumestan (4),3-hydroxy-9-me-thoxy pterocarpan (5), β-sitosterol (6), palmatic acid (7), and hexadecanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (8). Conclusion All the compounds have been isolated from this plant forthe first time. Compounds 1 — 4 and 8 were obtained from this genus for the first time. The NMRdata of 1 are reported for the first time.

Advances in the Research of Chemical Constituents in Thalictrum Plants

Thalictrum plants are perennial herbs in the family Ranuneulaceae, many of which are of important medicinal values. Alkaloids are major active constituents in Thalictrum plants in addition to a small amount of triterpene and flavonoids. The major pharmacological functions of the active constituents include： anti-tumor, anti- virus, antibiosis, antiphlogosis, hypotensive action, and etc. This paper summarizes the methods for determining the contents of chemical constituents in Thalictrum plants and new chemical constituents discovered in this genus in recent ten years.

Chemical constituents from Xylosma controversum

Aim To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Xylosma controversum Clos. Methods The constituents were isolated by solvent extraction, repeated chromatography with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-18 columns. The structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Results Thirteen compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as （-）-syringaresinol （1）, syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）, syringaresinol-4,4′-bis-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （3）, （±）-catechin （4）, catechin-3-O- β-D-glucopyranoside （5）, catechin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （6）, 1,3-bis-（4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl）-1,3-propanediol （7）, （R）-（＋）-chaulmoogric acid （8）, friedelin （9）, uracile （10）, benzoic acid （11）, vaniUic acid （12）, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid （13）. Conclusion All the compounds described above were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Chemical constituents of the flower buds of Tussilago farfara

Aim To study the chemical constituents of the flower buds of Tussilago farfara L. in the China National GAP Base of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica and provide scientific basis for quality control. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by different chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by IR, MS and NMR techniques. Results Twenty eight compounds were isolated from the flower buds of T. farfara. Their structures were identified as n- heptacosane （1）, bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate （2）, 7β-[3＇-ethylcrotonoyloxy]-1α-[2＇-methylbutyryloxy]-3,14-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone （3）, 7β-[3＇-ethylcrotonoyloxy]-1α-[2＇-methylbutyryloxy]-3,14-dehydro-E-notonipetranone （4）, tussilagone （5）, dibutyl phthalate （6）, bauer-7-ene-3β,16α-diol （7）, isobauerenol （8）, stigmasterol （9）, β-sitosterol （10）, 2,2-dimethyl-6-acetylchromanone （11）, n- hexadecanoic acid （12）, 7β-hydroxysitosterol （13）, 7α-hydroxysitosterol （14）, 7,14-bisdesacylnotonipetrone （15）, 2,3- dihydroxypropylpalmitate （16）, daucosterol （17）, 6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhept-2-en-4-one （18）, ferulic acid （19）, isoferulic acid （20）, caffeic acid （21）, α-D-glucose （22）, sucrose （23）, phthalic acid （24）, p-hydroxybenzoic acid （25）, gallic acid （26）, uridine （27）, and adenosine （28）. Conclusion Compounds 1, 12-16, 18 and 20 were obtained from the genus Tussilago for the first time.

Release Model of Water-soluble Chitosan Nanoparticles for Protein Delivery

[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore release rule of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) in vitro. [Method]The bovine serum albumin(BSA) was taken as a model protein drug and some existing release models such as Kinetics model, Gompertz model, Weibull model, Higuchi model and Logistic model were used to fit the BSA release profile from WSC carriers. [Result] Except Higuchi model and Logistic model, other models could fit BSA release profile better. [Conclusion] Gompertz two-order kinetics model could fit the release of WSC nano-particles better and model parameters had practical physical meaning.

Isolation and Identification of Chemical Constituents of Selaginella tamariscina

[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and identify the chemical constituents of Selaginella tamariscina. [Method] The chemical compounds isolated from the whole plant of traditional Chinese herb S. tamariscina were purified through column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography, and then chemical structures of the compounds were determined by NMR and mass spectrometry. Finally, the anticancer activity of the compounds 5, 6 and 7 was measured by MTT assay. [Result] Seven compounds, containing carnaubic acid (1), glucose (2), β-sitosterol (3), amentoflavone (4), selaginellin (5), selaginellin M (6) and selaginellin A (7), were isolated from methanol extracts of S. tamariscina. Among the three tested compounds, compound 7 exhibited the most effective activity to inhibit the HeLa cell growth. [Conclusion] This study will provide a basis for better development and utilization of Selaginella plant resources.

Chemical Constituents from Potentilla multifida L.

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from Potentilla multifida L..Methods Chromatographic technique was employed for the isolation and purification of theconstituents, and the structures were identified by spectral evidence. Results Four compounds wereisolated involving ade-nosine (1), apigenin-6-C-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-glucopyranoside (2),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (3) and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (4). Conclusion The fourcompounds were obtained from the genus Potentilla for the first time.

Chemical constituents from the roots of Polygala sibirica L.

To investigate the chemical constituents of the roots ofPolygala sibirica L. The separation and purification were performed by solvent extraction and repeated chromatography with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS columns, and semiprep. HPLC. The structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Twelve known compounds were isolated and identified as tenuifoliside A （1）, tenuifoliside B （2）, glomeratose A （3）, 3＇,6-disinapoyl sucrose （4）, sibiricose A5 （5）, sibiricose A6 （6）, sibiricose A1 （7）, sibiricose A2 （8）, polygalatenoside E （9）, 1-O-L-arabinopyranosyl-O-（6→1）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-salicylate （10）, canthoside A （11）, and methyl- 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate （12）. Compound 11 was obtained from genus Polygala for the first time, and compounds 2, 9, 10 and 12 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical Constituents from Fruits of Rosa davidii

From the fruit of Rosa davidii Crep., eleven compounds were isolated and identified by spectral evidence, viz. 2 alpha, 3 beta, 19 beta -trihydroxyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1), 2 alpha, 3 beta -dihydroxyl-urs-28 (13)-lactone (2), arjunic acid (3), euscaphic acid (4), 2 alpha, 3 beta -dihydroxyl-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), oleanolic acid (6), kaempferol (7), tiliroside (8), quercetin (9), daucosterol (10) and beta -sitosterol (11). Among them, 1 and 2 were new compounds.

Chemical Constituents of One Species of Endophytic Fungus in Taxus chinensis

Three compounds were obtained from the mycelia of an endophytic fungus Gliocladium sp. (designated as strain F) of Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd. growing in Fujian Province, China. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis. (20S,22S)-4a-homo-22-hydroxy-4-oxaergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3-one was a novel compound. 4,8,12,16-tetramethyl-1,5,9,13-tetraoxacyclohexadecane-2,6,10,14-tetraone was firstly isolated from the genus ofGliocladium and 6,9-epoxyergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol was firstly obtained from the strain F.

A study of the properties of hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers used in drilling fluids

Hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers (HPAP) have been synthesized from acrylamide(AM), acrylate (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and hydrophobic monomer (AP) in aqueous solution by radical polymerization. New polymer drilling fluids are made up of HPAP, which is used as viscosifiers and encapsulation agents. Properties of this system are reported in this paper. Results indicate that this system has a high value of yield point to plastic viscosity (YP/PV≥0.7), high viscosity at a low-shear rate (LSRV≥30000mPa·s), excellent shear thinning behavior, good solid-carrying behavior, resistance to shear, good thermal stability (as high as 140℃) and salt resistance. The system has excellent behavior in high-density solution of NaCl and in calcium and magnesium rich saline solutions. Hence, HPAP also can be used in saltwater polymer drilling fluids.

Effect of Different Environmental Conditions on Algicidal Effect of Water-soluble Extracts of Chinese Chive

[Objective] The paper was to study the algicidal effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive under different environmental conditions, so as to provide reference for further study and development of new algicidal substances. [Method] The effects of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa under different pH, light and aeration conditions were compared and studied. [Result] The growth inhibition rate of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on M. aeruginosa was greater than 90% under different pH conditions. With the growth of M. aeruginosa, the culture liquid with different initial pH was finally tended to 9-9.5. The growth inhibition rate of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on algae cell increased with the prolongation of culture time within the light intensity range of 1 000-4 000 lx. The inhibition effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on M. aeruginosa under low light intensity（1 000 lx）was better than that under high light intensity, the best light intensity for growth was not conducive to the exertion of allelopathic effect. Meanwhile, aeration condition was more conducive to the inhibition effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on the growth of M. aeruginosa. [Conclusion] pH, light and aeration conditions all affected the inhibition effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive treated by high temperature on M. aeruginosa. Understanding the effect of these environmental factors on algicidal effect of allelochemicals could provide reference for further study and development of new algicidal substances.

Effect of thatch on water-soluble phosphorus of pasture soil fertilized with broiler litter

The presence of a thatch layer in established pastures could reduce the contact between broiler litter and soil, thus increasing the potential for surface runoff contamination with litter P. We conducted a laboratory study to evaluate the effect of a thatch layer on the dynamics of water-soluble P in undisturbed cores taken from a pasture. Cores with and without a thatch layer received a surface application of broiler litter (5 thm-2) and were incubated at 25 oC for 56 d. The result showed that on the soil surface the contents of water soluble-P (39 kghm-2) of the cores with the thatch layer was higher than that (20 kghm-2) of the cores without the thatch layer. Therefore on well-established pastures fertilized with broiler litter, the presence of a thatch layer might lead to high concentrations of water-soluble P on the soil surface.