To investigate the effect of the water soluble fraction of crude oil(WSF) on marine bivalves, the scallop C hlamys farreri was exposed to three WSF concentrations(0.18 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, and 0.51 mg/L, respectively) in ...To investigate the effect of the water soluble fraction of crude oil(WSF) on marine bivalves, the scallop C hlamys farreri was exposed to three WSF concentrations(0.18 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, and 0.51 mg/L, respectively) in seawater. Petroleum hydrocarbon contents in scallops and a suite of enzymes [7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase(AHH), glutathione S-transferase(GST), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)] in gills and digestive glands were monitored over 10 days. The results revealed that WSF affected the activity of the four enzymes in the gills and digestive glands. EROD activity in the gills was significantly induced in most individuals of the three test groups, while in the digestive gland it was significantly induced in the low-concentration group within 4 days but was inhibited in the middle- and high-concentration groups on days 1, 4, and 10. AHH activity in the gills of all treatment groups was significantly induced on day 1. In the digestive gland, AHH activity was induced in most individuals from the treatment groups. In all treatment groups, GST activity was significantly inhibited from days 2 to 10 in the gills and was induced after day 4 in the digestive gland. GPx activity in the gills was significantly inhibited throughout the exposure period in all treatment groups. There was no overall significant difference in GPx activity in the digestive gland between the control and treatment groups. Our results also revealed that petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the tissues increased linearly with exposure time. EROD activity in the digestive gland and GST and GPx activity in the gill tissue were negatively correlated with petroleum hydrocarbon body burden. These enzymes play important roles in detoxification and can act as potential biomarkers for monitoring petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the marine environment.展开更多
In order to find new structural and biologically active compounds, the constituents of the bark of Cudrania tricuspidata （Carr.） Bur. were investigated and a new 6-p-hydroxybenzyltaxifolin glucoside, named tricuspos...In order to find new structural and biologically active compounds, the constituents of the bark of Cudrania tricuspidata （Carr.） Bur. were investigated and a new 6-p-hydroxybenzyltaxifolin glucoside, named tricusposide （compound 1）, together with 16 known compounds, was isolated by solvent partition, macroporous adsorption resin AB-8, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Using spectroscopic methods, the structures of the compounds were elucidated as 6-p-hydroxybenzyl taxifolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 1）, dihydroquerctin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 2）, dihydrokaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 3）, dihydroquercetin （compound 4）, peonoside （compound 5）, sphaerobioside （compound 6）, quercimeritrin （compound 7）, genistein （compound 8）, aromadendrin （compound 9）, kaempferol （compound 10）, genistin （compound 11）, 3,4-dihydroxystyryl alcohol （compound 12）, sucrose （compound 13）, 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone （compound 14）, gericudranin E （compound 15）, gericudranin C （compound 16）, and orobol （compound 17）. Compounds 2-6, 8, 9, 12-14, and 17 were isolated from this genus for the first time.展开更多
The characteristics of water-soluble ions in size-resolved particulate matter were investigated usingion chromatography at Shangdianzi, a regional background station of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. Seasonal total conc...The characteristics of water-soluble ions in size-resolved particulate matter were investigated usingion chromatography at Shangdianzi, a regional background station of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. Seasonal total concentrations of ions （Na＋, Mg2＋, IC, Ca2＋, NH＋4, Cl-, SO2-4 and NO-3） were 75.5 ± 52.9 μg/m3 in spring, 26.5 ± 12.3 Bg/m3 in summer, 22.7 ± 20.4 μg/m3 in autumn, and 31.1 ± 23.9 μg/m3 in winter, respectively. The secondary ions （NO3, SO2-4 and NH＋4）, mainly associated with fine particles, accounted for 84.2% in spring, 82.1% in summer, 81.5% in autumn and 76.3% in winter of all ions. Strong correlations were found between NH＋4 and SO2-4 （r = 0.95, p 〈 0.01） as well as NH＋4 and NO-3 （r = 0.90, p 〈 0.01） in fine particles; while in coarse particles, correlations between Mg2＋ and NO-3 （r = 0.80, p 〈 0.01）, and Ca2＋ and NO2＋ （r = 0.85, p 〈 0.01） were found. The concentrations of Na＋, IC, Mg2＋, Ca2＋, NH＋4, Cl-, NO3, and SC2-4 were 2.02, 0.81, 0.36, 1.65, 9.58, 4.01, 18.9, and 18.4 μg/m3 in particulate matter from southeast-derived air masses, which were typically 1.58-3.37 times higher than in northwest trajectories. Thus, concentrations of water-soluble ions at this background station were heavily influenced by regional transport of serious pollution derived from biomass burning, coal combustion, industrial and vehicle exhaust emissions from Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei.展开更多
Mornag Plain is a coastal area of the Mediterranean basin, which has undergone an agricultural industrial boom. The aim of this study was to investigate the different water qualities used for irrigation on heavy metal...Mornag Plain is a coastal area of the Mediterranean basin, which has undergone an agricultural industrial boom. The aim of this study was to investigate the different water qualities used for irrigation on heavy metal mobility in these polluted agricultural soils. The geo-accumulation indices for heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) revealed that industrial activities and used treated wastewater (TWW) contributed to soil pollution, and water irrigation always decreased this contamination. After long-term use of different water types, high perturbation of heavy metal redistribution has occurred. Groundwater use altered all heavy metal redistributions in the irrigated soil among various soil-solid and soil-solution fractions, as compared to the unirrigated soil. Slight acid water use transferred some metals from different solid phase components into water-soluble and exchangeable fractions. However, TWW use transformed some Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Zn from water-soluble and exchangeable fractions to less labile fractions, particularly into organically bound fractions. Reuse of conventional water within the same soil decreased the whole soil redistribution index values, indicating tendency to return to the pattern of distribution of groundwater-irrigated soil.展开更多
基金Supported by the Taishan Scholar Programthe Marine Public Welfare Scientific Research Project of China(No.201105013)+2 种基金the Basic Scientific Fund of the First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,China(No.2010T04)the Natural Science Foundation of State Oceanic Administration of China(No.2012534)the China Maritime Surveillance Operational Fund
文摘To investigate the effect of the water soluble fraction of crude oil(WSF) on marine bivalves, the scallop C hlamys farreri was exposed to three WSF concentrations(0.18 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, and 0.51 mg/L, respectively) in seawater. Petroleum hydrocarbon contents in scallops and a suite of enzymes [7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase(AHH), glutathione S-transferase(GST), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)] in gills and digestive glands were monitored over 10 days. The results revealed that WSF affected the activity of the four enzymes in the gills and digestive glands. EROD activity in the gills was significantly induced in most individuals of the three test groups, while in the digestive gland it was significantly induced in the low-concentration group within 4 days but was inhibited in the middle- and high-concentration groups on days 1, 4, and 10. AHH activity in the gills of all treatment groups was significantly induced on day 1. In the digestive gland, AHH activity was induced in most individuals from the treatment groups. In all treatment groups, GST activity was significantly inhibited from days 2 to 10 in the gills and was induced after day 4 in the digestive gland. GPx activity in the gills was significantly inhibited throughout the exposure period in all treatment groups. There was no overall significant difference in GPx activity in the digestive gland between the control and treatment groups. Our results also revealed that petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the tissues increased linearly with exposure time. EROD activity in the digestive gland and GST and GPx activity in the gill tissue were negatively correlated with petroleum hydrocarbon body burden. These enzymes play important roles in detoxification and can act as potential biomarkers for monitoring petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the marine environment.
文摘In order to find new structural and biologically active compounds, the constituents of the bark of Cudrania tricuspidata （Carr.） Bur. were investigated and a new 6-p-hydroxybenzyltaxifolin glucoside, named tricusposide （compound 1）, together with 16 known compounds, was isolated by solvent partition, macroporous adsorption resin AB-8, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Using spectroscopic methods, the structures of the compounds were elucidated as 6-p-hydroxybenzyl taxifolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 1）, dihydroquerctin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 2）, dihydrokaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 3）, dihydroquercetin （compound 4）, peonoside （compound 5）, sphaerobioside （compound 6）, quercimeritrin （compound 7）, genistein （compound 8）, aromadendrin （compound 9）, kaempferol （compound 10）, genistin （compound 11）, 3,4-dihydroxystyryl alcohol （compound 12）, sucrose （compound 13）, 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone （compound 14）, gericudranin E （compound 15）, gericudranin C （compound 16）, and orobol （compound 17）. Compounds 2-6, 8, 9, 12-14, and 17 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
基金supported by the National Environmental Protection Commonweal Research Project(No.201509062 and No.201409073)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41105089)+1 种基金Research Project of Environmental Development Cenre(No.DY-2016-5)State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(No.SKLECRA201637)
文摘The characteristics of water-soluble ions in size-resolved particulate matter were investigated usingion chromatography at Shangdianzi, a regional background station of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. Seasonal total concentrations of ions （Na＋, Mg2＋, IC, Ca2＋, NH＋4, Cl-, SO2-4 and NO-3） were 75.5 ± 52.9 μg/m3 in spring, 26.5 ± 12.3 Bg/m3 in summer, 22.7 ± 20.4 μg/m3 in autumn, and 31.1 ± 23.9 μg/m3 in winter, respectively. The secondary ions （NO3, SO2-4 and NH＋4）, mainly associated with fine particles, accounted for 84.2% in spring, 82.1% in summer, 81.5% in autumn and 76.3% in winter of all ions. Strong correlations were found between NH＋4 and SO2-4 （r = 0.95, p 〈 0.01） as well as NH＋4 and NO-3 （r = 0.90, p 〈 0.01） in fine particles; while in coarse particles, correlations between Mg2＋ and NO-3 （r = 0.80, p 〈 0.01）, and Ca2＋ and NO2＋ （r = 0.85, p 〈 0.01） were found. The concentrations of Na＋, IC, Mg2＋, Ca2＋, NH＋4, Cl-, NO3, and SC2-4 were 2.02, 0.81, 0.36, 1.65, 9.58, 4.01, 18.9, and 18.4 μg/m3 in particulate matter from southeast-derived air masses, which were typically 1.58-3.37 times higher than in northwest trajectories. Thus, concentrations of water-soluble ions at this background station were heavily influenced by regional transport of serious pollution derived from biomass burning, coal combustion, industrial and vehicle exhaust emissions from Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei.
文摘Mornag Plain is a coastal area of the Mediterranean basin, which has undergone an agricultural industrial boom. The aim of this study was to investigate the different water qualities used for irrigation on heavy metal mobility in these polluted agricultural soils. The geo-accumulation indices for heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) revealed that industrial activities and used treated wastewater (TWW) contributed to soil pollution, and water irrigation always decreased this contamination. After long-term use of different water types, high perturbation of heavy metal redistribution has occurred. Groundwater use altered all heavy metal redistributions in the irrigated soil among various soil-solid and soil-solution fractions, as compared to the unirrigated soil. Slight acid water use transferred some metals from different solid phase components into water-soluble and exchangeable fractions. However, TWW use transformed some Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Zn from water-soluble and exchangeable fractions to less labile fractions, particularly into organically bound fractions. Reuse of conventional water within the same soil decreased the whole soil redistribution index values, indicating tendency to return to the pattern of distribution of groundwater-irrigated soil.
