Research on the Distributional Features of and Interrelationships Between the Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity, pH Value and Nutrient Salts in the Honghai Bay Waters

In this paper, the environmental factors are surveyed of the mariculture waters of the Honghai Bay from the late spring to the early summer (June) in 1998. The distributional features and variation laws of dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH value and nutrient salts in the sea water are expounded. Also discussed are their relationships between each other. The results show that the contents of dissolved oxygen and pH value in the sea water increase with the increasing temperature from north (except for No.15~17 stations) to south (expect for No.6 station). At the same time it is affirmed that photosynthesis is the major cause of the high contents of dissolved oxygen and pH value. And the nutrient salt shows a negative correlation with salinity. The total content of phytoplankton obviously increased with the reduction of nutrient salts from north to south.

Preface:Value and dynamics of salt lakes in a changing world

The statement that the world’s ecosystems are rapidly deteriorating due to human intervention and global warming is nowadays commonplace.Some of the ecosystems most heavily impacted are inland salt lakes.The salt lakes are among the most valuable and fascinating ecosystems on Earth,and their study has both basic scientifi c interest as well as applied aspects.

A Study On the Value and Direction of Yancheng Sea Salt Culture in College Students’Ideological and Political Education

Sea Salt Culture is the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancestors and the retention of the history.With the passage of time and the innovation of salt making technology,the connotation of sea salt culture is undergoing changes.In the long process of cultural dissemination,sea salt culture permeates local university campuses and enlightens college students as well.This paper explores the profound connotation of sea salt culture in the new era,probes into the important influence of Sea Salt Culture on the ideological and political education of contemporary college students,and analyzes the practical direction for college students to inherit sea salt culture in the new period,so as to expand the breadth and width of sea salt culture.

A study of the properties of hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers used in drilling fluids

Hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers (HPAP) have been synthesized from acrylamide(AM), acrylate (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and hydrophobic monomer (AP) in aqueous solution by radical polymerization. New polymer drilling fluids are made up of HPAP, which is used as viscosifiers and encapsulation agents. Properties of this system are reported in this paper. Results indicate that this system has a high value of yield point to plastic viscosity (YP/PV≥0.7), high viscosity at a low-shear rate (LSRV≥30000mPa·s), excellent shear thinning behavior, good solid-carrying behavior, resistance to shear, good thermal stability (as high as 140℃) and salt resistance. The system has excellent behavior in high-density solution of NaCl and in calcium and magnesium rich saline solutions. Hence, HPAP also can be used in saltwater polymer drilling fluids.

Screening and evaluation of reliable traits of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)genotypes for salt tolerance at the seedling growth stage

Background:Salt stress significantly inhibits the growth,development,and productivity of cotton because of osmotic,ionic,and oxidative stresses.Therefore,the screening and development of salt tolerant cotton cultivars is a key issue towards sustainable agriculture.This study subjected 11 upland cotton genotypes at the seedling growth stage to five different salt concentrations and evaluated their salt tolerance and reliable traits.Results:Several morpho-physiological traits were measured after 10 days of salinity treatment and the salt tolerance performance varied significantly among the tested cotton genotypes.The optimal Na Cl concentration for the evaluation of salt tolerance was 200 mmol·L-1.Membership function value and salt tolerance index were used to identify the most consistent salt tolerance traits.Leaf relative water content and photosynthesis were identified as reliable indicators for salt tolerance at the seedling stage.All considered traits related to salt tolerance indices were significantly and positively correlated with each other except for malondialdehyde.Cluster heat map analysis based on the morpho-physiological salt tolerance-indices clearly discriminated the 11 cotton genotypes into three different salt tolerance clusters.Cluster I represented the salt-tolerant genotypes(Z9807,Z0228,and Z7526)whereas clusters II(Z0710,Z7514,Z1910,and Z7516)and III(Z0102,Z7780,Z9648,and Z9612)represented moderately salttolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes,respectively.Conclusions:A hydroponic screening system was established.Leaf relative water content and photosynthesis were identified as two reliable traits that adequately represented the salt tolerance of cotton genotypes at the seedling growth stage.Furthermore,three salt-tolerant genotypes were identified,which might be used as genetic resources for the salt-tolerance breeding of cotton.

Concentrations,sources,and influential factors of water-soluble ions of atmospheric particles in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,a world heritage site in China

Atmospheric particle pollution is one of the major factors leading to degradation of ancient wall paintings,particularly heritage sites in arid and semi-arid regions.However,current systematic research on the changes,sources,and influential factors of atmospheric particulate matter and its water-soluble ion concentrations is not sufficient.Thus,the major water-soluble ion concentrations,sources,and influential factors of atmospheric particles PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter≤2.5 and 10.0μm,respectively,in ambient air)were collected from Cave 16 and its ambient exterior environment in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,China,between April 2015 and March 2016.Results showed that the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) inside and outside the cave were the highest in March 2016 and the lowest in December 2015.The higher particle concentration from March to May was related to the frequent occurrence of sand and dust events,and the lower particle concentration from June to September was associated with good diffusion conditions,increased precipitation,and an established cave shelterbelt.The concentration of particulate matter inside the cave was affected by the concentration of particles in the air outside the cave.Ca2+,NH+4,Na+,Cl-,and SO2-4were the main components of the total ions of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) both inside and outside the cave.The total ions inside the cave were frequently affected by the disturbance of tourists'activities during the peak tourist season from May to August.Under the influence of dust,the total concentrations of Cl-,SO2-4,Na+,NH+4,and Ca2+in particles of different sizes inside and outside the cave increased,and the concentrations of Cl-,SO2-4,Na+,and Ca2+decreased during precipitation period.Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggested that the pollutants were mainly from Xinjiang,China.The pollutant sources of air particulates are straw burning,secondary pollution sources,soil dust,dry spring rivers,and tourist activities.

Economic value and exploiting approaches of sea asparagus, a seawater-irrigated vegetable

Sea asparagus is a newly emerging seawater-irrigated vegetable. Firstly, the economic value of sea asparagus was introduced, and then, someexploiting approaches of sea asparagus werefully reviewed. The exploiting approaches mainly include fresh vegetable, pickle, bio-salt, health-care products, animal feed, vegetable oil, bio-diesel and skin-care products.

盐胁迫对不同种质小黑麦幼苗水分利用效率和渗透调节的影响

为探讨小黑麦幼苗经过盐胁迫后水分利用效率和渗透调节系统的响应机制,选用10份不同种质小黑麦为对象,以土壤含盐量0.6%NaCl为胁迫组,正常浇水为对照组(CK),研究盐胁迫对小黑麦生长、水分利用特征、渗透调节物质含量的影响,以明确不同种质小黑麦苗期耐盐能力的强弱,为宁夏地区耐盐小黑麦品种评价提供理论依据。结果表明:盐胁迫抑制小黑麦的正常生长,促进其水分利用效率和渗透调节物质的积累与转移。在盐胁迫下,X-520的株高最高,X-516次之,SD的分蘖数和地上生物量最多;此外,SD、X-520和X-516的稳定碳同位素(δ13C)含量较高,分别为-27.33‰、-27.40‰和-27.39‰;SD的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量均为最高。相关分析表明,δ^(13)C与相对含水量、有机渗透调节物质、根系钠离子、叶片钾离子间均显著正相关(P<0.05)。通过聚类分析得出,不同种质小黑麦耐盐能力强弱可分为3类,耐盐性较好(SD、X-520、X-516),耐盐性一般(JIN、J-46),耐盐性较差(T-5、HN、T-9、XJ、T-11);同时,经主成分综合评价(PCA)得出不同种质小黑麦的耐盐性高低顺序依次为SD>X-520>X-516>J-46>JIN>HN>T-11>T-9>T-5>XJ。因此,建议将SD、X-516和X-520作为宁夏盐碱地推广种植的育种材料。

基于熔盐储热的燃煤机组调峰可行性分析

随着新能源发电装机量增加导致电网调峰压力增大,火电机组要承担更多调峰任务,但目前火电机组的灵活性和调峰能力都较差。针对某亚临界300 MW燃煤机组,进行熔盐储能改造,提出了6种储热策略和2种放热策略,分析了3种工况下储-放热过程对机组调峰能力及热力性能的影响,并用净现值法进行了技术经济分析。结果表明:抽再热蒸汽储热可行性高,调峰深度能到58.9%,但会增加煤耗;放热时,加热给水产生蒸汽做功的发电增量最大,能到额定发电量的11.3%,但对熔盐的温度水平要求高;高温熔盐代替低压加热器预热给水可行性高,但发电增量低;储-放热全过程中,循环电效率最高可达0.987;进行了储热改造经济性分析,计算得动态投资回收期为11.65年,净现值为4911.8万元,改造方案可行。

中国含盐盆地卤水溴元素分布与物源

中国含盐盆地赋存丰富的盐湖卤水和深部卤水资源,卤水中富集溴(Br)元素,具有潜在的开发利用价值。Br作为盐湖卤水中重要的资源元素,目前对其分布规律和物质来源的系统对比研究鲜有报道。本文以柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖四个区段晶间卤水为研究对象,分析整个湖区Br元素分布规律和物质来源,对比中国不同含盐盆地卤水Br资源变化和物源联系,并总结不同卤水开发利用价值。结果表明:①察尔汗盐湖Br含量呈东高西低特征且不同区段差异明显;②别勒滩和达布逊区段卤水低Br受河流补给并经蒸发富集,而察尔汗和霍布逊区段高Br受北部断裂带上涌富Ca泉水补给;③中国含盐盆地(柴达木盆地、库车盆地、江汉盆地、吉泰盆地)大部分深部卤水高Br值主要受水-岩反应、沉积物及有机质中Br的解吸获得;④盐湖晶间卤水虽远不及深部卤水Br含量高,但其优点在于便于开发、综合利用率高,尤其浓缩卤水及老卤中的Br含量可预见性的高于工业开采品位,是当下和今后值得关注的资源。

197份陆地棉品种萌发期耐盐性鉴定

【目的】鉴定评价陆地棉品种资源萌发期耐盐性,筛选耐盐性优异的种质,鉴定分析耐盐指标,为陆地棉育种改良提供理论支持。【方法】以197份国内外陆地棉品种为材料,以0(CK)、150和200 mmol/L的氯化钠(NaCl)为胁迫处理浓度,测试对照组与处理组的发芽势、发芽率、根长及相对值等9个指标,采用隶属函数法,利用综合评价D值评价197份陆地棉品种的耐盐性。【结果】150 mmol/L适合作为鉴定萌发期耐盐性的盐胁迫浓度,处理组的变异系数均高于对照组,综合评价D值与处理组各性状之间均存在显著性正相关性,综合评价D值为第一主成分因子,筛选出4份高耐材料、39份耐盐材料、65份中耐材料和89份敏盐材料。【结论】发芽势、发芽率和根长及其相对值等9个数据可作为耐盐性鉴定指标,筛选出20N705、C6524等43份耐盐性较强的材料。

玉米苗期耐盐胁迫的筛选及综合评价

对37个玉米品种在苗期进行耐盐性综合评价,旨在筛选出耐盐性强的玉米品种,为田间试验奠定种质资源及理论基础.采用100 mmol/L的NaCl溶液对37份玉米品种进行胁迫处理,分别测定其株高、地上部地下部鲜质量以及地上部地下部干质量、SPAD值、叶长和叶宽等性状,利用主成分分析法和隶属函数法,并通过聚类分析,对供试验材料进行综合评价和筛选.研究表明,地上部地下部的鲜质量及干质量四项指标与玉米的耐盐能力紧密相关,是评判耐盐性的关键因素.根据隶属函数值与聚类分析,37种玉米品种按耐盐强度可分为五个层次:高耐盐、耐盐、中等、敏感及高敏感.

常压无氯盐溶液制备α-CaSO_(4)·0.5H_(2)O晶体研究

本文以Na_(2)SO_(4)溶液为反应介质,研究了反应温度、反应时间、液固比、pH值、Na_(2)SO_(4)质量分数对α-CaSO_(4)·0.5H_(2)O生成的影响。结果表明,在Na_(2)SO_(4)质量分数为12.5%,液固比为5∶1,pH值为7,反应温度为97℃,反应时间为4 h的条件下,制备出平均长度46.0μm、平均长径比17.23、形貌均一的α-CaSO_(4)·0.5H_(2)O晶体。常压无氯盐溶液方法克服了氯离子腐蚀工业设备、污染环境等缺点,为高值化利用磷石膏提供重要的技术支持。

吴盐如花皎白雪--盐城历代盐诗刍议

盐城历代盐诗不仅是研究盐城历史文化的重要资料,更是盐文化和中国古典文学的瑰宝,其历史悠久,名家辈出,佳作如云,众体皆备,题材广泛,风格多样,具有独特的文学、历史、社会等重要价值。通过对盐城历代盐诗的梳理和分析,探讨了盐诗在盐城历史上的发展历程、文化内涵、艺术风格等方面的特点,并阐述了盐诗的当代价值和重要意义,以期对盐文化和盐城地方文化的发展有所助益。

一种控制中性盐雾试验pH的方法

结合笔者的实际工作经验,对盐雾腐蚀的成因和中性盐雾试验做了简要的分析。中性盐雾试验过程中容易出现盐溶液pH值降低的现象,从而使得无法满足中性盐雾试验相关标准的要求,并且在标准中也未给出有效的解决方法。对此,通过查阅相关资料,发现硼砂作为一种pH缓冲剂,可以调控溶液的pH值。故通过理论探讨和试验验证对硼砂对中性盐雾试验盐溶液pH值的影响进行了分析,结果表明,硼砂可以有效地控制盐溶液的pH值,从而使得盐溶液的pH值在中性盐雾试验的全周期内稳定在6.5~7.2之间,并且在参比试验中,腐蚀性也可达到中性盐雾试验腐蚀的要求。提出的这种有效控制pH的方法,可供从事研究、制定和使用盐雾试验标准的人员进行参考。

以盐丸“大单品”开启中盐品牌的新篇章

对标可口可乐、红牛、勇闯天涯、怡宝、福临门、全球通等国内外知名品牌,将投放传统广告营销费用转入体育营销领域,是传递品牌健康价值和品牌卓著的重要支撑。中盐品牌的盐丸“大单品”项目有利于填补运动营养食品空白、丰富品牌发展要素,有利于倡导运动健康、开拓盐业体育营销新成效,有利于精准定位市场需求,辐射占国内食盐市场份额半壁江山的运动消费群体科学用盐的消费升级需求,有利于倡导全民健身和体育精神,助力健康中国和体育强国,彰显品牌价值的社会责任。

可溶性钙盐沉淀法处理含氟废水的热力学分析及应用设计

针对可溶性钙盐处理含氟废水的工艺过程较为复杂,且处理效果存在不确定性问题,通过热力学分析,研究了可溶性钙盐沉淀反应处理含氟废水的过程,揭示了去除F-过程的化学和物理现象,由此设计出两阶段可溶性钙盐处理含氟废水工艺。通过推导出的残余F-含量与Ca^(2+)浓度的平衡关系式,计算出残余F-含量低至1.91 mg·L^(-1),明显低于国家现行的污水处理排放标准。含氟废水两阶段处理工艺:第一阶段,将待处理含氟废水的pH值调整至5.0—6.5,边搅拌边加入氯化钙,其加入量为理论计算总量的1/4,搅拌10 min后静止30 min;第二阶段,将经第一阶段处理后的污水pH值调整至7.5—8.5,加入剩余的氯化钙,搅拌30 min后静止20 min,再加入400 mg·L^(-1)的聚合氯化铝絮凝剂。结果表明,当氯化钙药剂的实际添加总量为理论计算添加总量的82.29%时,采用两阶段可溶性钙盐处理工艺可去除含氟废水中99.88%的F-,残余F-的含量为3.33 mg·L^(-1),符合国家现行的污水处理排放标准。当含氟废水中F-含量大于100 mg·L^(-1)时,随着可溶性钙盐添加量增加残余F-含量迅速下降;而当含氟废水中F-含量小于100mg·L^(-1)时,随着可溶性钙盐添加量增加Ca^(2+)与F-反应的速率减慢,残余F-的含量下降趋缓。可溶性钙盐处理偏碱性含氟废水时,适当提高处理后污水的pH值有助于降低残余F-的含量,同时也能相应地减少Ca^(2+)的添加量。若含氟废水处理后的值小于处理前时,其pH值下降越少,添加可溶性钙盐的量亦越少。因此,pH值是影响Ca^(2+)添加量及处理结果的重要因素。

The corrosion behaviors of Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy under(NH4)_(2)SO_(4),NaCl and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)salts spray condition

The corrosion behaviors of Mg–7Gd–5Y–1Nd–0.5Zr alloys after T5 treatment under(NH4)_(2)SO_(4),NaCl and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)salt spray condition were investigated by weight loss rates,residual mechanical properties,scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray Diffraction(XRD)and potentiodynamic polarization tests.The corrosion degree of Mg–7Gd–5Y–1Nd–0.5Zr alloys in Ca(NO_(3))_(2)salt spray was very shallow by corrosion morphology and the corrosion route was extended along the surface in texture-like shape,while the alloy in NaCl and(NH4)_(2)SO_(4)salt spray were major local corrosion and there were serious corrosion pits on the surface.The weight loss rates in(NH4)_(2)SO_(4),NaCl and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)salt spray was respectively 0.4147,0.1618 and 0.0725 mg/(cm2 d−1).The results of residual mechanical properties indicated that the corrosion order in salts spray of Mg–7Gd–5Y–1Nd–0.5Zr alloys is NH4SO4>NaCl>Ca(NO_(3))_(2),which was consistent with the results of potentiodynamic polarization tests.The type of the salts will play a vital role in the initiation of the corrosion of EW75 alloy when they are used in the atmosphere environments.Inorganic salts with the smaller PH value after dissolution will have a stronger impact on the corrosion of EW75 magnesium alloys.

Influence of Painting and Dyeing on Temperature Fluctuation of Northern Tibetan Salt Brines

Introduction The amount of the total dissolved salts(TDS)in most of the salt brines on northern Tibet is relatively lower.So the effective brine concentration technique is needed for lithium,boron and potassium extraction from these brine

Feeding Calcium Salts of Linseed Oil on Productive Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Grazing Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplying calcium salts of linseed oil (Ca-FA) rich in omega-3 (α-linolenic acid) on the production and chemical composition of milk and its nutraceutical value in dairy cows in early lactation. The trial lasted 12 weeks (2 weeks for adaptation to lipids and 10 weeks of data collection). A total of 36 Holstein dairy cows with 58.0 ± 17.0 days in milk (DIM), 594.1 ± 92.4 kg BW, 2.6 ± 1.5 parity and 38.9 ± 9.3 kg milk day-1 were used in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were: 1) Omega-3 (O3): 5.2 kg DM day-1 of concentrate including 0.7 kg DM of Ca-FA + 13.5 kg DM day-1 of partial mixed ration (PMR) + 12 kg DM day-1 of alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa) and 2) Control (C): diet similar to O3 but lipid supplementation was replaced by cracked corn grain so that the diets were isoenergetic. No treatment effect was detected (P > 0.05) for any milk production and composition variables, except for urea in milk that was slightly higher in O3 (P = 0.02). The treatment × week interaction was significant (P < 0.05) for fat yield and content, with differences (P < 0.01) only in the 3rd week of the data collection period in favor of group C (1.39 vs. 1.13 kg·day-1 and 3.86% vs. 3.23% for fat yield and content, respectively). Total DMI and PMR were similar (P > 0.05) between treatments. Concentrate intake was higher (P < 0.01) in C compared with O3. Pasture DMI tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for cows that received the O3 treatment compared with C. Total metabolizable energy (ME) intake was similar (P = 0.44) between treatments. No treatment effect was detected (P > 0.05) in rumen environment parameters. Supplementation with Ca-FA reduced (P < 0.05) the hypercholesterolemic fraction of milk (C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0, -13.6%, -7.4% and -9.0%, respectively). The concentration of α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) increased (108%, P < 0.01) in O3 group compared with group C. The absence of negative effects of lipids on the fat content of milk and ruminal fermentation suggests that protection by saponification was effective. The supplementation with Ca-FA (0.85 kg·day-1) improved the healthy value of the milk.