Design of New Long-Distance Intelligent Watt-Hour Meter

The design scheme for a new kind of long-distance intelligent watt-hour meter is presented. In the system, the control computer communicates with the bank＇s host computer by the X. 25 network; the built-in embeded secure access module （ESAM） can verify data by commutation with the intelligent nodes that enhance the security of the data. IC TSS721 is adopted to collect data remotely, and the CPU IC card is used to ensure the the bargaining security and reliability. In addition, the software of the system is introduced.

Intelligent Energy Utilization Analysis Using IUA-SMD Model Based Optimization Technique for Smart Metering Data

Smart metering has gained considerable attention as a research focus due to its reliability and energy-efficient nature compared to traditional electromechanical metering systems. Existing methods primarily focus on data management,rather than emphasizing efficiency. Accurate prediction of electricity consumption is crucial for enabling intelligent grid operations,including resource planning and demandsupply balancing. Smart metering solutions offer users the benefits of effectively interpreting their energy utilization and optimizing costs. Motivated by this,this paper presents an Intelligent Energy Utilization Analysis using Smart Metering Data(IUA-SMD)model to determine energy consumption patterns. The proposed IUA-SMD model comprises three major processes:data Pre-processing,feature extraction,and classification,with parameter optimization. We employ the extreme learning machine(ELM)based classification approach within the IUA-SMD model to derive optimal energy utilization labels. Additionally,we apply the shell game optimization(SGO)algorithm to enhance the classification efficiency of the ELM by optimizing its parameters. The effectiveness of the IUA-SMD model is evaluated using an extensive dataset of smart metering data,and the results are analyzed in terms of accuracy and mean square error(MSE). The proposed model demonstrates superior performance,achieving a maximum accuracy of65.917% and a minimum MSE of0.096. These results highlight the potential of the IUA-SMD model for enabling efficient energy utilization through intelligent analysis of smart metering data.

Functional Confirmation Using a Medical X-Ray System of a Semiconductor Survey Meter

In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate the time constant of a semiconductor survey meter and confirm the meter’s function. An additional filter was attached to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, more copper plates were added as needed, and the first and second half-value layers were calculated to enable comparisons of the facility’s X-ray system quality with the N-60 to N-120 quality values. Next, we used a medical X-ray system to measure the leakage dose and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The functionality of the meter was then checked and compared with the energy characteristics of the meter. The experimental results showed that it was possible to use a medical X-ray system to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality values and to calculate the time constant from the measured results, assuming actual leakage dosimetry for that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of the energy characteristics of the survey meter.

Detection of Water Meter Digits Based on Improved Faster R-CNN

In order to more accurately detect the accuracy of word-wheel water meter digits, 2000 water meter pictures were produced, and an improved Faster-RCNN algorithm for detecting water meter digits was proposed. The improved Faster-RCNN algorithm uses ResNet50 combined with FPN (Feature Pyramid Network) structure instead of the original ResNet50 as the feature extraction network, which can enhance the accuracy of the model for small-sized digit recognition;the use of ROI Align instead of ROI Pooling can eliminate the error caused by the quantization process of the ROI Pooling twice, so that the candidate region is more accurately mapped to the feature map, and the accuracy of the model is further enhanced. The experiment proves that the improved Faster-RCNN algorithm can reach 91.8% recognition accuracy on the test set of homemade dataset, which meets the accuracy requirements of automatic meter reading technology for water meter digital recognition, which is of great significance for solving the problem of automatic meter reading of mechanical water meters and promoting the intelligent development of water meters.

ColorMeter和VISIA-CR图像提取肤色的方法对比

目的:建立基于VISIA-CR图像提取中国人群面部肤色表型的方法,比较VISIA-CR图像提取的肤色参数与ColorMeter肤色仪测量值的一致性,为利用面部图像数据提取肤色表型建立参考方法。方法:基于机器学习模型自建算法自动批量提取VISIA-CR图像的肤色参数,并比较提取面积、位置和光源模式对结果的影响;随后利用256例健康人群面部VISIA-CR图像提取的肤色参数与ColorMeter肤色仪测量值进行了Pearson相关性分析。结果:VISIA-CR标准光和交叉偏振光两种模式下提取的肤色参数强相关(L^(*),R=0.86;a^(*),R=0.90;b^(*),R=0.85;P<0.05),相邻或对称位置下不同面积的肤色参数也强相关(R>0.82,P<0.05),提示光源模式、相邻或对称位置和测量面积对VISIA-CR图像提取结果的影响不大。VISIA-CR图像提取的肤色参数与ColorMeter测量值有相关性(P<0.05),其中交叉偏振光模式下,较大提取面积的肤色参数L^(*)值与仪器测量值强相关(R>0.73)。结论:该方法可从VISIA-CR图像中准确提取肤色参数且能较好解决肤色不均的测量偏差问题,交叉偏振光模式和较大提取面积下的肤色参数L^(*)值更接近ColorMeter仪器测量结果,推荐用于肤色表型的提取。

Personal glucose meters coupled with signal amplification technologies for quantitative detection of non-glucose targets:Recent progress and challenges in food safety hazards analysis

Ensuring food safety is paramount worldwide.Developing effective detection methods to ensure food safety can be challenging owing to trace hazards,long detection time,and resource-poor sites,in addition to the matrix effects of food.Personal glucose meter(PGM),a classic point-of-care testing device,possesses unique application advantages,demonstrating promise in food safety.Currently,many studies have used PGM-based biosensors and signal amplification technologies to achieve sensitive and specific detection of food hazards.Signal amplification technologies have the potential to greatly improve the analytical performance and integration of PGMs with biosensors,which is crucial for solving the challenges associated with the use of PGMs for food safety analysis.This review introduces the basic detection principle of a PGM-based sensing strategy,which consists of three key factors:target recognition,signal transduction,and signal output.Representative studies of existing PGM-based sensing strategies combined with various signal amplification technologies(nanomaterial-loaded multienzyme labeling,nucleic acid reaction,DNAzyme catalysis,responsive nanomaterial encapsulation,and others)in the field of food safety detection are reviewed.Future perspectives and potential opportunities and challenges associated with PGMs in the field of food safety are discussed.Despite the need for complex sample preparation and the lack of standardization in the field,using PGMs in combination with signal amplification technology shows promise as a rapid and cost-effective method for food safety hazard analysis.

Monitoring energy usage of heavy-haul iron ore trains with on-board energy meter for improving energy efficiency

Purpose-For billing purposes,heavy-haul locomotives in Sweden are equipped with on-board energy meters,which can record several parameters,e.g.,used energy,regenerated energy,speed and position.Since there is a strong demand for improving energy efficiency in Sweden,data from the energy meters can be used to obtain a better understanding of the detailed energy usage of heavy-haul trains and identify potential for future improvements.Design/methodology/approach-To monitor energy efficiency,the present study,therefore,develops key performance indicators(KPIs),which can be calculated with energy meter data to reflect the energy efficiency of heavy-haul trains in operation.Energy meter data of IORE class locomotives,hauling highly uniform 30-tonne axle load trains with 68 wagons,together with additional data sources,are analysed to identify significant parameters for describing driver influence on energy usage.Findings-Results show that driver behaviour varies significantly and has the single largest influence on energy usage.Furthermore,parametric studies are performed with help of simulation to identify the influence of different operational and rolling stock conditions,e.g.,axle loads and number of wagons,on energy usage.Originality/value-Based on the parametric studies,some operational parameters which have significant impact on energy efficiency are found and then the KPIs are derived.In the end,some possible measures for improving energy performance in heavy-haul operations are given.

对有关电能计量若干问题的思考

文中基于论证和较全面分析,就不同场景下电能计量所关注的截然不同的问题、更好利用大数据去构建电能表检验新方法、动态电能计量研究面临新挑战、关注超谐波电能计量、不宜将电能计量装置与电能表简单划等号,以及测量准确度不同于测量精度等六个问题,阐述了作者的观点和认识,旨在对开展相关研究,以及更清楚理解相关测量方法及概念等起到促进作用。

Development of High Accurate Family-use Digital Refractometer Based on CMOS

This study aims to develop a low-cost refractometer for measuring the sucrose content of fruit juice,which is an important factor affecting human health.While laboratory-grade refractometers are expensive and unsuitable for personal use,existing low-cost commercial options lack stability and accuracy.To address this gap,we propose a refractometer that replaces the expensive CCD sensor and light source with a conventional LED and a reasonably priced CMOS sensor.By analyzing the output waveform pattern of the CMOS sensor,we achieve high precision with a personal-use-appropriate accuracy of 0.1%.We tested the proposed refractometer by conducting 100 repeated measurements on various fruit juice samples,and the results demonstrate its reliability and consistency.Running on a 48 MHz ARM processor,the algorithm can acquire data within 0.2 seconds.Our low-cost refractometer is suitable for personal health management and small-scale production,providing an affordable and reliable method for measuring sucrose concentration in fruit juice.It improves upon the existing low-cost options by offering better stability and accuracy.This accessible tool has potential applications in optimizing the sucrose content of fruit juice for better health and quality control.

美国加州车网互动政策、标准与市场机制最新进展及其启示

电动汽车与电网互动(简称“车网互动”)可以释放电动汽车作为灵活性资源的潜力,能够有效提升电网调峰能力、促进高比例可再生能源消纳、提升电动汽车用户经济收益,日益受到各方重视。美国加利福尼亚州(简称“加州”)近些年在推动电动汽车与电网互动发展方面做了大量工作,取得了重要进展。首先,文中介绍了加州在电动汽车与电网互动配套政策法规方面的最新动向;之后,从技术标准、市场机制两方面介绍了加州在电动汽车与电网互动相关基础工作方面的最新进展;最后,结合中国电动汽车与电网互动发展实际提出了有关建议。

水平圆盘式大豆单粒精密排种器的设计与试验

为了实现大豆单粒精密播种,设计了一种水平圆盘大豆单粒精密排种器,并对其工作原理进行了分析。依据大豆种子的物理参数,对排种盘的型孔尺寸、直径等参数进行了计算分析,确定型孔尺寸的长、宽和高分别为9、5、9mm。为了得到排种器的最佳性能,以排种器转速、大豆品种为试验因素,以排种合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标,利用EDEM软件进行仿真试验,结果表明:当排种器最佳转速为40r/min时,排种合格率均大于96.4%,重播率小于2%,漏播率小于1.7%。在最佳参数下,进行台架试验验证,结果表明:当排种器转速为40r/min时,3个品种的大豆种子的排种合格率均大于96.5%,重播率小于2%,漏播率小于1.7%,能够满足大豆单粒精密播种的要求。

液阻全桥网络负载口独立电液系统节能控制策略仿真

针对传统电液控制系统节流损失大、能耗高、效率低的问题,采用液阻全桥网络搭建了具有负载口独立控制特性的新型电液控制系统,详细研究了该系统在典型四象限负载下的节能控制策略。液阻全桥网络电液系统由5个二位二通比例阀组成,根据其具有的负载口独立控制特性,将系统归纳为传统三位四通、负载口独立和负载敏感3种控制模式。传统三位四通下,两负载口开度控制模拟三位四通进出口耦合形式;负载口独立模式下,采用一腔控制流量另一腔阀口全开的控制策略;负载敏感模式下,控制泵出口压力比进油腔压力高一个定值,从而实现负载敏感功能。在超越负载下,3种模式都使用流量再生回路进行节能控制。AMESim+Matlab联合仿真结果表明,与传统的三位四通模式相比,三位四通流量再生、负载口独立、负载口独立流量再生、负载敏感模式分别节能43.38%、65.27%、77.91%、83.58%。

一种光纤布喇格光栅涡街流量传感器

在流量计量领域中,利用光纤传感技术对涡街流量计量的研究较少,故具有重要的研究意义。该文设计了一种悬臂梁式的光纤布喇格光栅涡街流量传感器,其利用悬臂梁自由端振动使光纤布喇格光栅中心波长发生周期性移位,从而测量涡街频率,得到流体流量信息。温度传感测试实验与流量传感测试实验结果表明,该传感器温度灵敏度为17 pm/℃,涡街流量灵敏度为0.01895 Hz/(L·h^(-1)),非线性误差为2.23%。实验验证了该传感器可应用于液体涡街流量计量。

4种机械式油莎豆排种器的对比试验与分析

针对油莎豆种皮凹凸不平导致摩擦力较大、充种效果较差,在充种过程中极易堵种等问题,基于油莎豆种子物理特性,对目前我国广泛应用的机械式排种器(内充种式、指夹式、勺轮式和窝眼轮式)对油莎豆的试播进行台架试验与分析。以合格指数、漏播指数、破碎指数为评价指标,进行了单因素试验,对油莎豆的充种、携种及排种等状态重点观测分析,探究油莎豆漏播、重播及碎种等情况发生的原因。研究结果表明:随前进速度的提高,内充式排种器在充种区极易造成卡种现象;指夹式排种器在充种过程中漏播的问题较为突出;勺轮式排种器种子破碎的问题较为严重,从而对后续播种的合格率构成较大影响;窝眼轮式排种器在实际试验中种子脱离排种口时速度较大,在传送带上造成碰撞,导致油莎豆的均匀性变异系数较大。

国家天然气(页岩气)千亿立方米级产能基地共建共享模式

国家天然(页岩气)千亿立方米级产能基地建设是保障国家能源安全、支撑区域社会经济加快发展的重大战略。在借鉴油气共建共享成功经验基础上,构建了国家天然气(页岩气)千亿立方米级产能基地共建共享模式,提出了模式实施路径。研究结果表明:①国家天然气(页岩气)千亿立方米级产能基地建设涉及庞大的产业体系与多元主体不同利益诉求,需要以共建共享理念和系统工程思维为指引,立足多元主体与多维度要素协同构建共建共享模式。②模式实施五大路径:强化共建共享顶层战略设计,丰富发展政企共建共享方式,完善企业之间共建共享机制,畅通多元主体沟通协商渠道,健全共建共享应急预警体系。结论认为,该模式以战略视域统筹产能基地建设,能够实现对多元主体利益的有效协同,促进天然气(页岩气)资源开发利用与产业链价值提升,为带动区域社会经济发展并推进共同富裕提供有力支持。

基于改进YOLOv5的变电站表计缺陷检测算法

准确检测变电站中的设备缺陷并及时进行处理是保证电力系统安全运行的重要措施.针对表计缺陷图像背景复杂、目标尺寸不一、外形差别大等问题,提出基于改进YOLOv5(you only look once的第5个版本)的变电站表计缺陷检测算法.为了提高泛化能力、解决训练过程中样本不平衡问题,利用旋转和改变图像亮度的方法进行数据增广.通过引入坐标注意力机制,在聚焦缺陷特征的同时,能突出缺陷特征的差异.为了使边界框回归更快速准确,将EDIOU loss(effective distance intersection over union loss)代替CIOU loos(complete intersection over union loss).实验结果表明:6种算法中,该文算法的准确度、召回率和mAP(mean average preciscion)均最高,分别达85.1%,86.6%,87.3%.因此,该文算法具有优越性.

基于数值模拟和变形监测的副井稳定性评价

急倾斜矿体开采时一般将副井布置在矿体下盘不远处,以致副井附近矿体开采可能诱发副井井壁应力集中或损坏。为此,以湖北三鑫为例,利用FLAC3D仿真软件,探究沿走向或垂直走向布置采场引起的副井围岩应力、位移变化,并采用应变计、位移计监测井壁应力与位移变化,评价副井稳定性。结果表明:沿矿体走向布置采场对采场围岩、悬空底柱及开采段副井井壁的稳定都极为不利,沿走向或大宽度垂直走向布置采场都不会引起地表及开采标高段附近的副井发生明显位移,但都会引起井口以下约250 m内的井壁因变形而发生应力集中;必须垂直走向布置采场并缩小采场宽度;采取4 m×4 m进路上向胶结充填二步骤采矿后,除岩土分界面附近井壁偶尔因开快车而造成连续2次垂直位移、应力差分别超1.2 mm、1.4 MPa外,其他监测值变化基本可忽略;地表基岩沉降观测表明各点沉降值变化一般不超过3 mm。

正负气压组合滚轮式油菜精密排种器设计与试验

针对油菜种子粒径小、质量轻,单粒排种难度较大的问题,设计了一种正负气压组合滚轮式精密排种器。阐明了排种器工作原理,开展排种器吸种、携种和卸种环节受力分析和排种滚轮对种群拖带过程解析;提出了通过控制充种区种层高度和种群压力的防拖带堆积机理,设计了一种侧向充种、拖带种子自由回落的充种室结构,利用离散元仿真研究了充种种层高度和充种室结构对排种器充种区内充种性能的影响及对种群拖带堆积的解决情况;仿真结果表明,排种器内种子随着充种种层高度的增大,种群平均动能均值逐渐增大,对种群平均扰动能力逐渐增强;在充种种层高度50 mm条件下,设计的防拖带堆积充种室降低了充种区域底部种群所受的压力,未出现种群拖带堆积现象,且保持了对充种区域种群的扰动作用。在JPS-12型排种器检测试验台上进行了排种器性能试验,结果表明,当排种转速为15~30 r/min、吸种负压为1.0~1.2 kPa时,排种器合格指数均保持在90%以上;设计装配正负气压组合滚轮式精密排种器的播种机开展播种试验,田间实测出苗后株距稳定性变异系数为4.4%,各行苗数一致性变异系数为8.14%;研究结果表明设计的排种器满足精密播种要求。

气吸双行错置式玉米密植精量排种器设计与试验

针对大豆-玉米复合密植播种模式下传统气吸式排种器单行种盘高转速作业导致充种时间短、气流稳定性差,难以实现高速精量密植播种的问题,设计了一种气吸双行错置式玉米密植精量排种器,阐述了排种器结构与工作原理,对其工作过程及关键部件进行理论分析,构建充种和投种环节的种子力学模型,确定排种盘内外环型孔排布、投种轮、气室等关键结构参数,并开展单、双气道内负压分布、型孔内气流场特性分析,基于DEM-CFD耦合方法对排种器的排种过程进行仿真分析,以作业速度、气室结构和负压为试验因素,充种合格指数、重充指数和漏充指数为评价指标,优选出最优气室结构。通过台架试验开展不同气吸式排种器排种性能对比试验。试验结果表明,在作业速度为5~10 km/h的高速密植工况下,气吸双行错置式密植精量排种器排种合格指数均大于88.7%,且作业速度为10 km/h时,相较于常用单圆环气吸式排种器合格指数提高5.5个百分点,漏播指数降低5.6个百分点;田间试验结果表明,在作业速度为5 km/h下,播种合格指数为95.7%,重播指数为1.6%,漏播指数为2.8%。提出的气吸双行错置式玉米密植精量排种器在高速作业时拥有良好的排种性能,能够满足大豆-玉米高速精量密植播种要求。