北极东北航道起始段海域位于我国黄渤海,大风和强降水是可能威胁到该海域航运安全的主要灾害性天气类型。其中寒潮天气过程伴随的冷空气大风以及热带气旋、温带气旋等天气系统产生的大风、强降水等灾害性天气,对该海域航运安全造成很大...北极东北航道起始段海域位于我国黄渤海,大风和强降水是可能威胁到该海域航运安全的主要灾害性天气类型。其中寒潮天气过程伴随的冷空气大风以及热带气旋、温带气旋等天气系统产生的大风、强降水等灾害性天气,对该海域航运安全造成很大影响。利用1991—2020年美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)全球逐日再分析资料,分析了北极东北航道适航期(7—10月)Rossby波沿高空急流能量传播特征及其对北极东北航道起始段海域天气的影响,特别是对强降水的影响。结果表明:(1)沿北半球副热带地区250hPa高空西风急流轴经向风表现为纬向三波型准静止的Rossby波形态;(2)高空250hPa大气准静止Rossby波波源位于地中海地区,波动在此激发并沿急流向东传播,传播过程中波动能量耗散,但波源即地中海地区能量的不断注入,使其得以维持和加强;(3)波作用通量散度指数与北极东北航道起始段海域降水量、风速相关系数绝对值达0.5以上,其中位于我国东北部至鄂霍茨克海地区的波作用通量指数与降水量和风速相关系数的绝对值均接近0.9,属于强相关,说明Rossby波沿高空急流传播时能量汇集、加强,对北极东北航道起始段海域的降水量、风速影响较大,从而可触发强降水、大风等灾害性天气;(4)当Rossby波扰动偏强时,向下游传播能量偏强,则西风急流加强,垂直上升运动增强,导致北极东北航道起始段海域降水异常偏多。展开更多
To study the exact solutions of plane gravitational waves in the harmonic condition, wefirst give the definitions and the operational methods of Poisson and Lie operative symbolof the indices, respectively. With these...To study the exact solutions of plane gravitational waves in the harmonic condition, wefirst give the definitions and the operational methods of Poisson and Lie operative symbolof the indices, respectively. With these one may derive easily thc algebraic relation of theaffine connection, curvature tensor aud Ricci tensor. Thus we prove: (i) Einstein field equa-tions only have one independent equation. We obtain its excat solutions which contain Ein-stein’s Solutions for weak fields as approximations. (ii) The scalar curvature may be express-ed by the second-order partial differential equation of a component of the metric tensor.(iii) The exact solution has a relativistic action term. If the term is zero, then there are nogravitational waves in the vacuum. (iv) The exact solution contains three components of themetric tensor. If the components have singularities, so does the solution. The physical inter-pretations of the solutions are studied in detail. This paper may be regarded as a generaliza-tion of Ref. [4].展开更多
文摘北极东北航道起始段海域位于我国黄渤海,大风和强降水是可能威胁到该海域航运安全的主要灾害性天气类型。其中寒潮天气过程伴随的冷空气大风以及热带气旋、温带气旋等天气系统产生的大风、强降水等灾害性天气,对该海域航运安全造成很大影响。利用1991—2020年美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)全球逐日再分析资料,分析了北极东北航道适航期(7—10月)Rossby波沿高空急流能量传播特征及其对北极东北航道起始段海域天气的影响,特别是对强降水的影响。结果表明:(1)沿北半球副热带地区250hPa高空西风急流轴经向风表现为纬向三波型准静止的Rossby波形态;(2)高空250hPa大气准静止Rossby波波源位于地中海地区,波动在此激发并沿急流向东传播,传播过程中波动能量耗散,但波源即地中海地区能量的不断注入,使其得以维持和加强;(3)波作用通量散度指数与北极东北航道起始段海域降水量、风速相关系数绝对值达0.5以上,其中位于我国东北部至鄂霍茨克海地区的波作用通量指数与降水量和风速相关系数的绝对值均接近0.9,属于强相关,说明Rossby波沿高空急流传播时能量汇集、加强,对北极东北航道起始段海域的降水量、风速影响较大,从而可触发强降水、大风等灾害性天气;(4)当Rossby波扰动偏强时,向下游传播能量偏强,则西风急流加强,垂直上升运动增强,导致北极东北航道起始段海域降水异常偏多。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘To study the exact solutions of plane gravitational waves in the harmonic condition, wefirst give the definitions and the operational methods of Poisson and Lie operative symbolof the indices, respectively. With these one may derive easily thc algebraic relation of theaffine connection, curvature tensor aud Ricci tensor. Thus we prove: (i) Einstein field equa-tions only have one independent equation. We obtain its excat solutions which contain Ein-stein’s Solutions for weak fields as approximations. (ii) The scalar curvature may be express-ed by the second-order partial differential equation of a component of the metric tensor.(iii) The exact solution has a relativistic action term. If the term is zero, then there are nogravitational waves in the vacuum. (iv) The exact solution contains three components of themetric tensor. If the components have singularities, so does the solution. The physical inter-pretations of the solutions are studied in detail. This paper may be regarded as a generaliza-tion of Ref. [4].