Propagation Characteristics of Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Grouted Rockbolt Systems with Bond Defects under Different Confining Conditions

A rockbolt acting in the rock mass is subjected to the combined action of the pull-out load and confining pressure, and the bond quality of the rockbolt directly affects the stability of the roadway and cavern. Therefore, in this study, confining pressure and pull-out load are applied to grouted rockbolt systems with bond defects by a numerical simulation method, and the rockbolt is detected by ultrasonic guided waves to study the propagation law of ultrasonic guided waves in defective rockbolt systems and the bond quality of rockbolts under the combined action of pull-out load and confining pressure. The numerical simulation results show that the length and location of bond defects can be detected by ultrasonic guided waves under the combined action of pull-out load and confining pressure. Under no pull-out load, with increasing confining pressure, the low-frequency part of the guided wave frequency in the rockbolt increases, the high-frequency part decreases, the weakening effect of the confining pressure on the guided wave propagation law increases, and the bond quality of the rockbolt increases. The existence of defects cannot change the strengthening effect of the confining pressure on the guided wave propagation law under the same pull-out load or the weakening effect of the pull-out load on the guided wave propagation law under the same confining pressure.

Influence of adhesive layer properties on laser-generated ultrasonic waves in thin bonded plates

This paper studies quantitatively the generation of Lamb waves in thin bonded plates subjected to laser illumination, after considering the viscoelasticity of the adhesive layer. The displacements of such plates have been calculated in the frequency domain by using the finite element method, and the time domain response has been reconstructed by applying an inverse fast Fourier transform. Numerical results are presented showing the normal surface displacement for several configurations： a single aluminum plate, a three-layer bonded plate, and a two-layer plate. The characteristics of the laser-generated Lamb waves for each particular case have been investigated. In addition, the sensitivity of the transient responses to variations of material properties （elastic modulus, viscoelastic modulus, and thickness） of the adhesive layer has been studied in detail.

Propagation of Iamb waves in adhesively bonded multilayered media

The effect of introducing attenuation on Lamb wave dispersion curves is studied in this paper. Attenuation is introduced to a three-layered composite plate by an adhesive bond layer with viscous behavior. No changes are required to the transfer matrix formulation for the propagation of elastic waves. By introduction of a complex wavenumber, the model can be used to the propagation of attenuative Lamb waves. Numerical examples for a three-layered aluminium-epoxy-aluminium plate show that attenuation values of each mode in plates are related not only to attenuation, but also to the thickness of the bonded layer, which is in agreement with practical situations.

基于周向SH导波的钢制环氧套筒胶结缺陷检测方法研究

钢制环氧套筒目前已在油气管道损伤修复领域得到广泛应用,其树脂层的胶结质量对管道修复后的补强效果至关重要。对此,本文提出了基于电磁超声周向SH导波的钢制环氧套筒胶结缺陷检测方法。首先,通过建立有限元模型研究了周向SH0模态导波在钢制环氧套筒结构中的传播特性;其次,采用有限元仿真与实验研究相结合的方式探究了周向SH0模态导波检测钢制环氧套筒胶结层内预制的阶梯型贯穿空腔缺陷的可行性。仿真和实验结果均表明,SH0模态直达波幅值与空腔宽度基本呈线性正相关,说明该方法可实现对胶结层中贯穿型空腔缺陷的检测,并且可区分空腔大小,验证了所提方法用于检测钢制环氧套筒胶结缺陷的可行性。

基于超声导波和Y-Net的复合材料胶接质量检测研究

为实现复合材料胶接结构界面粘接质量的检测,本文提出了一种基于导波检测技术和Y-Net卷积神经网络的界面弱粘接缺陷反演成像方法。计算了超声导波在复合材料胶接结构中传播的相速度频散曲线和波结构,指出了适于实际检测的导波激励频率和激发模态;创建了基于有限元仿真的数据集,将缺陷导波检测数据及概率损伤成像(RAPID)结果作为输入,真实胶接质量结果作为标签数据,对Y-Net进行了搭建、训练、验证和泛化能力测试,并应用结构相似指数(SSIM)和峰值信噪比(PSNR)定量评估了Y-Net的反演能力;搭建了实验系统,开展了复合材料胶接板检测实验。结果表明,本文所提方法可以弱粘接缺陷反演成像方式实现胶接质量检测,成像结果可准确且高质量地表征弱粘接缺陷的位置、形状、大小和弱粘接程度等多个特性。

硅基钽酸锂异质晶圆键合工艺研究

5G移动通信的发展对声表面波滤波器提出了高频、小型化、集成化的要求。相较于传统压电体单晶材料,采用硅基压电单晶薄膜材料制备的声表面波滤波器具有高频、低插入损耗、高温稳定性等优势,是高性能声表面波器件发展的核心基础材料。Smart-Cut^(TM)是制备硅基压电单晶薄膜材料的主要方法,键合工艺是其中的核心工序,键合质量决定了硅基压电单晶薄膜晶圆材料的质量,并影响器件性能。本文通过低温直接键合工艺,对等离子活化、兆声清洗、预键合、键合加固四道工序展开优化,最终实现了键合强度高达1.84 J/m^(2)、键合面积超过99.9%的高质量硅基钽酸锂异质晶圆键合。

Behavior and mechanism of the bonding interface of 0Cr18Nig/16MnR by explosive welding

In order to investigate the bonding behavior and mechanism of the interface prepared by explosive welding, the bonding interfaces of 0 Crl 8Ni9/16MnR were observed and analyzed by means of optical microscope （OM） , scanning electron microscope （SEM） and electron probe microanalysis （ EPMA ）. It is found that the welding interfaces are wavy due to the wavy explosive loading. There are three kinds of bonding interfaces i. e. big wave, small wave and micro wave. There are a few seam defects and all elements contents are less than both of the base and .flyer plate in the transition zone of big wavy interface. Moreover, some ＂holes＂ result in the lowest bonding strength of big wavy interface nearby the interface in the base plate. All elements contents of the small wavy interface are between two metals, and there are few seam and hole defects, so it is the higher for the bonding strength of small wavy interface. There is no transition zone and defects in the micro wavy interface, so the interface is the best. To gain the high quality small and micro wavy bonding interface the explosive charge should be controlled.

Lamb waves in a thin isotropic layer between two anisotropic layers

Attenuative Lamb wave propagation in adhesively bonded anisotropic composite plates is introduced. The isotropic adhesive exhibits viscous behavior to stimulate the poor curing of the middle layer. Viscosity is assumed to vary linearly with frequency, implying that attenuation per wavelength is constant. Attenuation can be implemented in the analysis through modification of elastic properties of isotropic adhesive. The new properties become complex, but cause no further complications in the analysis. The characteristic equation is the same as that used for the elastic plate case, except that both real and imaginary parts of the wave number (i.e., the attenuation) must be computed. Based on the Lowe’s solution in finding the complex roots of characteristic equation, the effect of longitudinal and shear attenuation coefficients of the middle adhesive layer on phase velocity dispersion curves and attenuation dispersion curves of Lamb waves propagating in bonded anisotropic composites is visualized numerically.

多参考态从头算方法在结构化学教学中的应用探索:以第二周期同核双原子分子为例

采用多参考态波函数方法CASPT2计算了第二周期同核双原子分子的基态平衡核间距和波函数,分析了其波函数中的电子组态贡献。通过在键级计算中引入次要组态的贡献,或采用自然轨道的分数电子占据数,我们合理解释了Be_(2)分子的存在和Be―Be间的非零键级,以及B_(2)和C_(2)中化学键键级分别为1–2和2–3的事实。上述结果可作为简单分子轨道理论的补充,共同帮助学生理解双原子分子的结构和成键本质。强调了波函数多组态特征在理解分子结构中的必要性,而且也验证了通过相对简单、高效的多参考态计算实验来辅助教学的可行性。

Experimental Investigation of Second Interface Cement Bond Evaluation

Cement bond model wells （1：10 scaled-down） were made with a gradually degrading cement annulus for cement bond evaluation of the first interface （between the casing and the cement annulus） and the second interface （between the cement annulus and the formation）. Experimental simulation on cement bond logging was carried out with these model wells. The correlation of acoustic waveforms, casing wave energy and flee casing area before and after cement bonding of the second interface was established. The experimental results showed that the arrival of the casing waves had no relationship with the cement bonding of the second interface, but the amplitude of the casing head wave decreased obviously after the second interface was bonded. So, cement bonding of the second interface had little effect on the evaluation of the cement bond quality of the first interface by using casing head wave arrivals. Strong cement annulus waves with early arrivals were observed before the second interface was bonded, while obvious ＂formation waves＂ instead of cement annulus waves were observed after the second interface was bonded.

板状构件粘结强度的非线性超声导波检测

相较于铆接、螺接、焊接等连接方式,板状粘结构件具有质量轻、应力分布均匀等特点,广泛运用于航空航天、车辆制造等工业领域。板状粘结构件在服役过程中出现的粘结强度退化、弱粘结等会影响其服役可靠性及安全性,因此对粘结强度进行检测十分必要。非线性超声导波对材料微观结构特征变化比较敏感,可用于粘结构件的粘结强度检测。采用非线性超声导波对铝合金-环氧树脂-铝合金板状构件进行检测,通过不同的固化工艺制备粘结结构件模拟不同粘结强度,检测结构件中传播的非线性超声导波,计算超声非线性参量,获得超声非线性参量在不同固化工艺下的变化趋势。通过拉伸实验测得粘结强度,进而构建超声非线性参量与粘结强度的关系。实验结果显示,粘结强度越大,超声导波的非线性参量越小。该研究表明,非线性超声导波可有效检测板状构件的粘结强度,为工业检测板状结构粘结强度提供了有效方法。

硅基钽酸锂压电单晶复合薄膜材料及应用

绝缘体上压电基板(POI)是一种新兴的压电单晶复合薄膜结构材料。POI基板由压电单晶材料薄层(单晶钽酸锂/铌酸锂)、二氧化硅层及高阻硅衬底构成,采用Smart-Cut工艺制备,可保证板层高均匀度及高质量的批量生产。通过这种基板可设计满足5G通信要求的高性能集成声表面波(SAW)谐振器和滤波器。基于POI材料制备的SAW器件具有高频、高品质因数(Q)值、低温度敏感性及较大带宽等优良特性,同时还能在同一芯片上集成多个SAW滤波器,具有广阔的市场应用前景。该文介绍了POI基板的制备、国内外的研究现状及POI基板在高性能SAW滤波器中的应用,综述了制备POI基板的关键技术并展望了未来的发展趋势。

SH电磁超声换能器优化设计及粘接强度测量

电磁超声换能器(Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer,EMAT)使用时无需耦合剂,可以便捷地应用于严苛工况下结构的超声检测。但由于EMAT复杂的多物理场换能机理,通常存在换能效率低,接收信号信噪比小等缺点。针对上述问题,文章开展了线圈宽度、线圈间距及磁致伸缩贴片等参数对EMAT换能效率的影响研究,优化设计了SH电磁超声换能器。实验结果表明,一定厚度的磁致伸缩贴片对EMAT的换能效率有较明显的提高。基于SH0导波对界面变化的敏感性,采用优化设计的EMAT激发SH0导波,对固化温度等因素引起的多层铝板弱粘接结构件进行粘接性能的检测,实验测得的粘接强度与结构拉伸强度的变化趋势一致,表明优化后的EMAT可以适用于粘接结构状态的检测。

波共振相互作用下断裂解共价键原理及应用现状研究

共振理论在工程应用上十分普遍,但在化学上的应用却鲜为人知。本文以特斯拉对微波共振传输的设想为起点,阐明了线性共振和非线性共振的基本原理。以波的种类为基础,解释了不同种类波的共振效应在促进化学反应中的原理。在实际工程应用上,本文探讨了波共振相互作用裂解共价键理论在生物质降解和高聚物废品回收等方面的应用,此外对该理论提出设想与初探,以期得到进一步地深化理论与改进技术。

振荡扑翼波浪能发电装置的建模与研究

为实现波浪能的高效采集与转换,参考鸟类的运动特性,提出一种振荡扑翼波浪能发电装置。将键合图方法引入多物理场耦合的波浪能发电系统,建立了波浪能发电装置由波浪能到电能的全局模型,并利用多能域系统仿真软件AMESim,搭建了能量采集-转换-储存全过程的系统仿真平台,设置参数进行了仿真分析。开发仿规则波浪振荡扑翼波浪能发电装置试验平台,验证了仿真平台的有效性,仿真结果与试验结果吻合度较高。研究结果表明,该振荡扑翼波浪能发电装置能够有效采集波浪能,实现电能的稳定输出,发电效率达62.9%;键合图法可作为波浪能发电装置的设计与研究的重要工具;该仿真平台与试验平台为波浪能发电装置的设计和评价提供了理论基础和途径。

毫米波TR组件设计的关键技术研究

介绍了毫米波TR组件设计中的关键技术,利用三维仿真软件对金丝键合匹配、绝缘子包带进行仿真优化验证,分析了微波多层混压板在毫米波TR组件设计中的应用,针对毫米波TR组件测试中遇到的问题提出了全新毫米波测试夹具和测试系统。基于所研究的几种技术设计了一款毫米波八通道TR组件,仿真结果表明其各项指标均满足设计要求。

中波发射机房接地防雷措施探讨

中波广播是现代信息传播的重要途径,具有不可替代的特性。中波广播主要通过中波广播发射系统以电磁波的形式实现信号的远距离传输。因此,为了保障中波广播与传输系统的安全,必须加强中波无线电传输系统的防雷保护。基于此,重点分析探讨雷电的分类及其对中波发射机房的危害,并提出中波发射机房接地防雷措施与优化建议,以供参考。

毫米波功率合成技术及三维堆叠封装

为了在毫米波段内实现更大的功率输出,提出了一种毫米波功率合成技术及三维堆叠封装。基于MEMS工艺平台,设计了硅基基片集成波导功分器,在33~37 GHz实现了20 W的功率合成;利用晶圆级键合技术,将功分器和功率放大器进行三维堆叠封装,实现小型化和高密度集成,并通过实验验证了毫米波大功率合成以及三维堆叠封装的可行性。

超声反射法套管-地层环空间介质波阻抗反演方法与成像实例

针对套管井反射式超声波水泥固井质量检测问题,本文利用超声反射波频谱中套管共振透射窗内的复合反射系数,提出了定量反演套管-地层环空间内介质的波阻抗的方法.利用复合反射系数中多个频率点的相移反正切函数主值,给出了波阻抗的计算公式,并把套管-地层环空间介质中波的相移的整、实特性作为波阻抗反演收敛的判据.针对井下实际测井环境中超声换能器性能受温度和压力等的影响而发生变化,导致的声源波形(子波)和复合反射系数不确定的困难,提出了用井下原地(insitu)实测波形定量估计声源波形和复合反射系数的方法.通过对合成数据的处理,分别考察了已知介质的声学和几何参数存在的偏差对套管-地层环空间内介质的波阻抗反演结果的影响.本文对多组模型井检验数据进行了目的层介质的波阻抗反演与成像,成像结果与真实情况吻合,验证了反演方法的有效性.最后对现场实测资料进行了套管-地层环空间内介质的波阻抗定量反演与成像.

超声波对木质纤维素糖化过程影响的研究

将超声波应用在木质纤维素预处理及其酶解糖化过程中,通过SEM、FTIR研究了处理前后纤维素的形态结构和结晶性能,并考察了不同预处理方式对原料成分的影响和超声波对酶解糖化率的影响。结果表明,超声波作用能有效地破坏纤维素分子中的氢键,降低其结晶程度,而且能有效地提高木质素的脱除率和酶解糖化率。对超声波作用于酶解过程中的机理进行了初步探讨。