Improvement of breakdown characteristics of an A1GaN/GaN HEMT with a U-type gate foot for millimeter-wave power application

In this study, the physics-based device simulation tool Silvaco ATLAS is used to characterize the electrical properties of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） with a U-type gate foot. The U-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT mainly features a gradually changed sidewall angle, which effectively mitigates the electric field in the channel, thus obtaining enhanced off-state breakdown characteristics. At the same time, only a small additional gate capacitance and decreased gate resistance ensure excellent RF characteristics for the U-gate device. U-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are feasible through adjusting the etching conditions of an inductively coupled plasma system, without introducing any extra process steps. The simulation results are confirmed by experimental measurements. These features indicate that U-gate A1GaN/GaN HEMTs might be promising candidates for use in millimeter-wave power applications.

The Instability of Terahertz Plasma Waves in Two Dimensional Gated and Ungated Quantum Electron Gas

The instability of terahertz（THz）plasma waves in two-dimensional（2D）quantum electron gas in a nanometer field effect transistor（FET）with asymmetrical boundary conditions has been investigated.We analyze THz plasma waves of two parts of the 2D quantum electron gas：gated and ungated regions.The results show that the radiation frequency and the increment（radiation power）in 2D ungated quantum electron gas are much higher than that in 2D gated quantum electron gas.The quantum effects always enhance the radiation power and enlarge the region of instability in both cases.This allows us to conclude that 2D quantum electron gas in the transistor channel is important for the emission and detection process and both gated and ungated parts take part in that process.

滑坡涌浪作用下某电站事故闸门动力响应分析

滑坡涌浪可能造成闸门大变形和失稳,研究某电站进水口事故闸门在滑坡涌浪动水压力作用下的动力响应问题对电站安全生产具有重要意义。采用自编程序模拟了不同工况下库区滑坡涌浪过程,将滑坡涌浪数值动水压力转化为施加在平板钢闸门有限元模型上的节点荷载,利用动力时程方法得到了闸门在滑坡涌浪作用下的动力响应,依据规范对闸门的动力响应做出评价。结果表明:闸门在正常蓄水位下受滑坡涌浪动水压力作用位移和应力响应值最大,在死水位下受滑坡涌浪动水压力作用闸门的动力响应影响更为明显;闸门在正常蓄水位下受滑坡涌浪动水压力作用的位移响应最大值为9.27 mm,Mises应力最大值为192.06 MPa;各个构件动应力水平较低,满足规范要求,在滑坡涌浪动水压力作用下可安全运行。

SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE TARGET RECOGNITION USING POLARIZATION AGILE WAVES

A novel matching method for simultaneous multi-target recognition is proposed by jointly considering target's prior scattering knowledge and the polarization parameters of radar echoes. The matching coefficients are calculated for the judgment. MATLAB simulations show that several targets can be accurately recognized simultaneously, and a high recognition probability can be achieved in Monte Carlo simulations. The total execution time can be remarkably reduced in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of the matching procedure.

基于IAVOA-GRU网络的高频地波雷达电离层杂波预测

电离层杂波的精确预测对提升高频地波雷达的探测性能具有重要作用。提出了一种基于改进非洲秃鹫优化算法优化门控循环单元(Improved African Vultures Optimization Algorithm Optimization Gated Recurrent Unit,IAVOA-GRU)网络的电离层杂波预测方法。首先,依据电离层杂波的混沌特性,通过相空间重构方法对接收到的电离层杂波进行相空间重建,构建GRU网络的输入、输出样本集;然后,利用IAVOA对GRU网络的隐层节点数、迭代次数及初始学习速率3个超参数值执行优选;最后,重新训练优化后的GRU网络,并进行预测。实测结果表明,相较其他6种对比预测模型,所提出的IAVOA-GRU网络模型具有较高的预测精度和可靠性,为有效改善高频地波雷达的探测性能提供了一种思路和方法。

基于FPGA的单边带短波通信系统

提出一种基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)的单边带短波通信系统。以FPGA芯片为核心处理器,搭配外围模拟接口电路,实现短波通信。主要论证单边带通信系统的原理和实现方法,详细介绍了该系统的组成和FPGA的设计方案,并根据系统运行结果分析了系统的特点。

Controlling a sine wave gating single-photon detector by exploiting its filtering loophole

GHz single-photon detector （SPD） is a crucial part in the practical high speed quantum key distribution （QKD） system. However, any imperfections in a practical QKD system may be exploited by an eavesdropper （Eve） to collect information about the key without being discovered. The sine wave gating SPD （SG-SPD） based on InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode, one kind of practical high speed SPD, may also contain loopholes. In this paper, we study the principle and characteristic of the SG-SPD and find out the filtering loophole of the SG-SPD for the first time. What is more, the proof-of-principle experiment shows that Eve could blind and control Bob＇s SG-SPD by exploiting this loophole. We believe that giving enough attention to this loophole can improve the practical security of the existing QKD system. GHz single-photon detector （SPD） is a crucial part in the practical high speed quantum key distribution （QKD） system. However, any imperfections in a practical QKD system may be exploited by an eavesdropper （Eve） to collect information about the key without being discovered. The sine wave gating SPD （SG-SPD） based on InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode, one kind of practical high speed SPD, may also contain loopholes. In this paper, we study the principle and characteristic of the SG-SPD and find out the filtering loophole of the SG-SPD for the first time. What is more, the proof-of-principle experiment shows that Eve could blind and control Bob＇s SG-SPD by exploiting this loophole. We believe that giving enough attention to this loophole can improve the practical security of the existing QKD system.

基于OARO-GRU网络的高频地波雷达电离层杂波短期预测

电离层杂波的精确预测对提升高频地波雷达的目标探测性能具有重要推动作用。为此,提出了一种基于改进人工兔子算法优化门控循环单元(Opposite Artificial Rabbits Optimization optimized Gated Recurrent Unit,OARO-GRU)网络的电离层杂波短期预测模型。首先,依据高频地波雷达接收到的电离层杂波具有混沌特性这一先验知识,通过相空间重构技术构造GRU网络的输入和输出样本集;然后,融入反向学习和柯西变异两种改进策略用于改善标准ARO的寻优能力,并将其用于执行GRU网络的包含隐层节点个数、初始学习速率和最大迭代次数在内的三个超参数值的优选;最后,重新训练优化后的GRU网络,输入测试样本集进行测试,并依据给定的评价指标评估模型。实测结果表明:相较于其他7种对照模型,所提出的OARO-GRU网络预测模型在预测精度和可靠性上均具有明显的优越性,为有效改善高频地波雷达的目标探测性能提供了一种新的思路与方法。

All-optical XNOR and AND gates simultaneously realized in a single semiconductor optical amplifier with improved dynamics

All-optical XNOR and AND logic gates using four-wave mixing （FWM） and cross-gain modulation （XGM） in a single semiconductor optical amplifier （SOA） with improved dynamics are simultaneously realized. By numerical simulation, the effects of the input optical wave powers and injection current on the critical factors of the logic gate performances, such as the ON-OFF contrast ratio, the power-output level of the logic ＇1＇, and the difference between power outputs of the logic ＇1＇, are investigated in detail. In addition, the effect of the counter-propagating CW pump on the gain recovery is analysed.

Optimized Implementation for Wave Digital Filter Based Circuit Emulation on FPGA

A binary tree representation is designed in this paper for optimization of wave digital filter（WDF）implementation.To achieve this,an equivalent WDF model of the original circuit is converted into abinary tree representation at first.This WDF binary tree can then be transformed to several topologies with the same implication,since the WDF adaptors have a symmetrical behavior on their ports.Because the WDF implementation is related to field programmable gate array（FPGA）resource usage and the cycle time of emulation,choosing aproper binary tree topology for WDF implementation can help balance the complexity and performance quality of an emulation system.Both WDF-FPGA emulation and HSpice simulation on the same circuit are tested.There is no significant difference between these two simulations.However,in terms of time consumption,the WDF-FPGA emulation has an advantage over the other.Our experiment also demonstrates that the optimized WDF-FPGA emulation has an acceptable accuracy and feasibility.

基于FPGA的时间域航空电磁多波脉冲发射电路控制设计

时间域航空电磁法是航空地球物理领域重要的技术方法,具有大深度探测能力,为实现大探测深度兼顾浅层分辨能力,需要研发一种多波脉冲发射装置,能够同时发射大电流半正弦波和快速关断小峰值电流梯形波。该文利用现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)作为硬件平台,采用硬件描述语言(Verilog),通过脉冲频率调制或脉宽调制方式来精确控制发射电流的波形、频率和脉宽,从而实现数字化控制,产生精度高、可控性强的多路数字驱动信号。与传统的半正弦波发射电路相比,其主波发射脉冲由两个1/4正弦波组成,上升沿和下降沿的时长和陡度可以通过程序独立调节,副波发射脉冲为快速关断沿的小幅值梯形脉冲,通过实测试验验证了该文方法的可行性,能够满足深地与近地表探测的要求。

雷达波形通用调制引擎设计

针对软件化雷达复杂调制波形高效灵活产生的问题,以相干处理间隔为更新周期将复杂调制脉冲串抽象描述为波形矩阵,提出一种调选分离的雷达波形产生方式,降低了上位机的计算量以及到硬件的传输延迟。在此基础上,设计了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(field programmble gate array, FPGA)的雷达波形通用调制引擎,可实现波形产生与波形样式解耦、波形优化/选用与波形产生解耦。基于商用现货(commercial off-the-shelf, COTS)的系统测试表明,通用调制引擎可灵活支持脉内任意调制、脉间波形捷变以及初相、频偏、幅度、重复间隔等脉间参数调制,为软件化雷达波形产生与灵活运用提供设计参考。

沭新闸改造闸门结构静、动力场响应特征研究

为研究沭新闸改造后闸门结构静、动力场响应特征,采用仿真建模计算方法,综合分析静力场下闸门设计参数合理性,探讨不同类型地震波、不同幅值地震波下结构响应特征。从闸门型钢结构上、下翼缘及腹板拉应力影响变化特征,获得腹板间距1.3m时抑制拉应力效果最优,各向位移为最低,满足闸门结构静力场设计安全,为研究水工结构对比设计及多类型地震波下动力响应特征分析提供参考。

十字门水道船舶兴波影响及限速研究

当前,粤港澳大湾区内经贸往来进一步融合,粤港澳海上安全命运共同体建设步伐逐步加快,珠江口水域船舶通航日渐繁忙,水上客运流量剧增。位于横琴、澳门地区交界的十字门水道沿岸建有横琴粤澳深度合作区唯一的客运港以及澳门地区主要游艇停泊区,高速船舶往来频繁。水上客运、旅游等产业高速发展的同时,十字门水道因船行波引发的安全问题也日渐凸显。通过调研分析十字门水道通航环境及船舶活动规律,研究船舶航速与兴波大小的关系,分析兴波对沿岸设施的影响,据此提出在该水道实施船舶限速的建议方案,为研究制定十字门水道船舶航速规定提供参考。

基于声发射的Cascode型GaN HEMT器件机械应力波检测与分析

近年来,以氮化镓(gallium nitride,Ga N)材料为代表的第三代功率半导体器件开始被广泛地应用于高压高温高频的工作场合。在这些环境下对器件进行及时、高效的无损检测可以防患于未然,减少或避免器件损伤带来的损失。文中基于声发射检测技术,对目前应用较多的共栅共源型GaN高电子迁移率晶体管的机械应力波进行检测与分析。分别对器件散热侧和封装侧进行多组重复性实验,利用声发射探头采集其工作时发出的声信号并进行滤波分析,最后总结出该器件开通、关断应力波参数的特征和变化规律。旨在探究器件机械应力波受漏源电压以及栅源电压的影响规律,为下一步进行功率循环实验,建立器件健康状态与其机械应力波之间联系奠基。

融合多元因素的海上交通海洋浪高预测模型

为了准确地预测近岸海域的海浪高度,通过分析海上交通的相关天气因素和近海船舶的停靠周期,提出一种基于改进门控循环网络(Gated Recurrent Unit,GRU)的海洋浪高预测模型。选取中国沿海站台观测记录的海浪数据作为研究对象,利用改进GRU模型对多维信息进行特征挖掘和预测,并将浪高预测结果与传统深度学习模型进行对比。研究发现,改进GRU模型预测未来1,3和6 h海浪高度的相关系数(R 2)分别为98.30%,96.42%和92.89%,均优于其他深度学习模型。结果表明:本文提出的改进GRU模型具有更高的浪高预测准确度,可以为海上交通运输和沿海作业提供相应的数据帮助。

基于FPGA技术的中波广播发射台自动化播控系统设计与实现

针对目前中波广播发射台普遍采用的集中控制管理模式可能导致多个频率设备停播的安全事故等问题,通过对中波广播发射台自动化播控系统组织架构的解析,结合现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)技术,提出中波广播电视台自动化播控系统设计程序和实现方法,解决单机自动化难点问题,满足“自主响应、自动播控”自动化播控机房的安全播出要求,为中波台的稳定运行提供技术支撑。

基于毫米波雷达的机动目标跟踪算法研究

针对复杂交通环境下高机动目标难度大,易丢失的问题,提出一种适合机动目标的毫米波雷达跟踪流程。首先,提出一种适合毫米波雷达数据的跟踪门——基于规则的自适应跟踪门,能够根据雷达探测范围,目标属性自适应调整跟踪门。然后,根据目标高机动特性,选择匀速模型和匀加速模型为跟踪模型,利用交互式多模型算法跟踪目标。实验结果表明:交互式多模型算法较典型卡尔曼滤波跟踪精度提高18.26%;论文方法跟踪雷达目标准确度提高5.303%,虚警率下降0.813%。

四通道差分式超声应力检测仪的设计与实现

金属构件在加工和服役过程中产生的残余应力会使其产生形变或应力疲劳,严重危害关键结构的安全性。现有超声应力检测技术存在温度耦合效应大且无法检测不同深度应力等问题,基于临界折射纵波的声弹性原理,设计并研制了四通道差分式超声应力检测仪。该仪器基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)设计,由超声发射电路、接收电路、信号处理电路和操作软件等部分组成。配合定制的组合式超声激励探头与双宽带接收探头,可以实现4个不同频率的超声临界折射纵波应力同步测量,有效地避免了温度耦合和不同频率探头声学耦合的问题。通过标准拉伸试验对铝合金和钛合金试样进行了应力测量,表明该仪器可以满足四通道应力测量。

激光导引头时序抗干扰技术分析及实验

为提高激光导引头抗主动式干扰的能力,在时序上通常采用时间波门精确控制技术、波门内首/末脉冲锁定技术和脉冲时序相关技术等手段。在分析激光导引头的时序抗干扰技术的基础上,针对国内外现役激光导引头所采用的时序抗干扰措施进行了实验设计,对风标式、动力陀螺式、框架式3类激光导引头的抗干扰技术进行了理论分析和实验研究。结果表明:根据激光导引头的受干扰的情况,可实现对采用的时序干扰措施进行较为准确的预测,并据此提出了一种更为有效的激光有源欺骗干扰方法。