Ashtekar-Kodama Gravity as a Classical and Quantum Extension of Loop Quantum Gravity

This paper presents a new theory of gravity, called here Ashtekar-Kodama (AK) gravity, which is based on the Ashtekar-Kodama formulation of loop quantum gravity (LQG), yields in the limit the Einstein equations, and in the quantum regime a full renormalizable quantum gauge field theory. The three fundamental constraints (hamiltonian, gaussian and diffeomorphism) were formulated in 3-dimensional spatial form within LQG in Ashtekar formulation using the notion of the Kodama state with positive cosmological constant Λ. We introduce a 4-dimensional covariant version of the 3-dimensional (spatial) hamiltonian, gaussian and diffeomorphism constraints of LQG. We obtain 32 partial differential equations for the 16 variables Emn (E-tensor, inverse densitized tetrad of the metric) and 16 variables Amn (A-tensor, gravitational wave tensor). We impose the boundary condition: for large distance the E-generated metric g(E) becomes the GR-metric g (normally Schwarzschild-spacetime). The theory based on these Ashtekar-Kodama (AK) equations, and called in the following Ashtekar-Kodama (AK-) gravity has the following properties. • For Λ = 0 the AK equations become Einstein equations, A-tensor is trivial (constant), and the E-generated metric g(E) is identical with the GR-metric g. • When the AK-equations are developed into a Λ-power series, the Λ-term yields a gravitational wave equation, which has only at least quadrupole wave solutions and becomes in the limit of large distance r the (normal electromagnetic) wave equation. • AK-gravity, as opposed to GR, has no singularity at the horizon: the singularity in the metric becomes a (very high) peak. • AK-gravity has a limit scale of the gravitational quantum region 39 μm, which emerges as the limit scale in the objective wave collapse theory of Gherardi-Rimini-Weber. In the quantum region, the AK-gravity becomes a quantum gauge theory (AK quantum gravity) with the Lie group extended SU(2) = ε-tensor-group(four generators) as gauge group and a corresponding covariant derivative. • AK quantum gravity is fully renormalizable, we derive its Lagrangian, which is dimensionally renormalizable, the normalized one-graviton wave function, the graviton propagator, and demonstrate the calculation of cross-section from Feynman diagrams.

Existence and breaking property of real loop-solutions of two nonlinear wave equations

Dynamical analysis has revealed that, for some nonlinear wave equations, loop- and inverted loop-soliton solutions are actually visual artifacts. The so-called loopsoliton solution consists of three solutions, and is not a real solution. This paper answers the question as to whether or not nonlinear wave equations exist for which a ＂real＂ loopsolution exists, and if so, what are the precise parametric representations of these loop traveling wave solutions.

Experimental research on characteristic of start-up pressure wave propagation in gelled crude oil by large-scale flow loop

In order to research start-up pressure wave propagation mechanism and determine pressure wave speed in gelled crude oil pipelines accurately,experiment of Large-scale flow loop was carried out.In the experiment,start-up pressure wave speeds under various operation conditions were measured,and effects of correlative factors on pressure wave were analyzed.The experimental and theoretical analysis shows that thermal shrinkage and structural properties of gelled crude oils are key factors influencing on start-up pressure wave propagation.The quantitative analysis for these effects can be done by using volume expansion coefficient and structural property parameter of gelled crude oil.A new calculation model of pressure wave speed was developed on the basis of Large-scale flow loop experiment and theoretical analysis.

基于一种新型正弦幅值积分器的谐波检测方法

针对基于瞬时无功理论的ip-iq谐波检测法结构复杂、响应速度慢等问题,提出了一种采用改进正弦幅值积分器结构的谐波电流检测方法。首先,利用二阶广义积分器的输出滤波特性及正弦幅值积分器的极性选择特性,使其相结合构造出了一种滤波性能更强,同时具有频率及极性选择作用的新型积分器。然后,利用该积分器快速准确地提取基波正序分量,并有效应用于谐波检测环节中。当电网电压存在直流偏置问题时,该积分器所构造的锁相环也能准确锁定电网频率及相位信息。最后,理论分析及仿真实验结果表明:该方法无需进行瞬时对称分量分离,就可提取出电网电压及负载电流基波的正负序分量,计算量小,谐波检测更精确。

用于引力波探测的星间激光干涉测量模拟系统

星间激光干涉仪具有比地面干涉仪更长的干涉臂(10^(6)km),能够探测更低频段0.1 mHz~1 Hz的引力波。星间激光干涉仪具有典型的应答式外差干涉仪结构,其本质是一个光学锁相环。在地面环境下搭建模拟的星间激光干涉仪,成功将从激光器的频率锁定到稳频的主激光器频率上。结果显示:锁相环的锁定时间超过2×10^(4)s,满足了低频信号的探测条件;在较短位移和较长位移的不同条件下,干涉仪无粗大误差。经过分析得出:温度、气压等环境扰动带来的噪声是制约干涉仪精度的关键因素。

基于三维墙体补偿的快速重聚焦算法

超宽带穿墙雷达具备穿透墙体的能力,结合多输入多输出(MIMO)技术可以实现墙体后侧隐蔽目标的成像,为建筑物内人员检测和定位提供了丰富的信息。该文基于调频连续波(FMCW)体制下的多发多收超宽带穿墙雷达系统,提出了一种闭环干涉校准方法,校正了由系统内部误差产生的图像散焦。墙体的存在会导致目标成像位置偏离真实位置,该文推导了联合通道和像素点的三维墙体补偿算法,并基于其几何特性,提出快速重聚焦算法。首先去除墙体影响、确定目标存在区域;鉴于区域几何特性,选择适应区域形状的球坐标网格划分;分区域进行局部重聚焦,避免了因电磁波衰减导致成像结果中出现强目标掩盖弱目标的现象,并且球坐标形式的网格划分和局部成像大大缩减了算法耗时。通过仿真分析与实验验证,该文提出的系统校准方法能有效补偿系统误差,快速重聚焦算法可以实现墙后人体多目标三维定位,各维度定位精度优于10 cm,计算效率相对其余算法提升了5倍左右。从目标检测概率方面,所提算法相比其余算法不会出现弱目标的漏检。

基于SOGI高频方波电压注入的永磁直线同步电机无感控制

针对永磁直线同步电机的无感控制技术,为了解决传统高频方波注入法无法准确定位转子位置和转速的问题,提出了基于SOGI高频方波电压注入的无感方法。与传统的高频方波电压注入法不同,为了得到更好的高频电流信号,采用二阶广义积分器提取响应高频电流信号,采用正交锁相环解决反正切函数没有反馈直接放大噪声的影响。为证明无感控制技术的有效性,用Simulink进行了仿真验证。结果表明,基于SOGI高频方波电压注入的无感方法大大降低了误差,缩短了调节时间,提升了响应时间。

极对数为奇数的分数槽4支路绕组接线设计

三相电机的分数槽绕组通常采用6×60°标准相带进行设计,其并联支路数必须为每相槽数和极数的公因数才能实现三相平衡。据此,当极对数为奇数时不能实现4支路平衡绕组。某些水轮发电机由于并联支路数受此限制而无法设计得具有合理的电磁参数和经济性。本文提出一种新的设计方法—环状相带设计法,可以避免标准相带设计理论中对于并联支路数的限制,在极对数为奇数时仍然能够采用4支路三相平衡绕组,解决了抽水蓄能电站用大容量14极发电电动机的最佳电磁设计问题。文中详细描述了环状相带的电气短距效应的构成方法,给出了包括铁心振动计算所需的分数次谐波在内的所有谐波的分布系数和短距系数的计算公式。

Conventional Geothermal Systems and Unconventional Geothermal Developments: An Overview

This paper provides an overview of conventional geothermal systems and unconventional geothermal developments as a common reference is needed for discussions between energy professionals. Conventional geothermal systems have the heat, permeability and fluid, requiring only drilling down to °C, normal heat flow or decaying radiogenic granite as heat sources, and used in district heating. Medium-temperature (MT) 100°C - 190°C, and high-temperature (HT) 190°C - 374°C resources are mostly at plate boundaries, with volcanic intrusive heat source, used mostly for electricity generation. Single well capacities are °C - 500°C) and a range of depths (1 m to 20 Km), but lack permeability or fluid, thus requiring stimulations for heat extraction by conduction. HVAC is 1 - 2 m deep and shallow geothermal down to 500 m in wells, both capturing °C, with °C are either advanced by geothermal developers at <7 Km depth (Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), drilling below brittle-ductile transition zones and under geothermal fields), or by the Oil & Gas industry (Advanced Geothermal Systems, heat recovery from hydrocarbon wells or reservoirs, Superhot Rock Geothermal, and millimeter-wave drilling down to 20 Km). Their primary aim is electricity generation, relying on closed-loops, but EGS uses fractures for heat exchange with earthquake risks during fracking. Unconventional approaches could be everywhere, with shallow geothermal already functional. The deeper and hotter unconventional alternatives are still experimental, overcoming costs and technological challenges to become fully commercial. Meanwhile, the conventional geothermal resources remain the most proven opportunities for investments and development.

Novel loop-like solitons for the generalized Vakhnenko equation

A non-traveling wave solution of a generalized Vakhnenko equation arising from the high-frequent wave motion in a relaxing medium is derived via the extended Riccati mapping method.The solution includes an arbitrary function of an independent variable.Based on the solution,two hyperbolic functions are chosen to construct new solitons.Novel single-loop-like and double-loop-like solitons are found for the equation.

Lie symmetries and exact solutions for a short-wave model

In this paper, the Lie symmetry analysis and generalized symmetry method are performed for a short-wave model. The symmetries for this equation are given, and the phase portraits of the traveling wave systems are analyzed using the bifurcation theory of dynamical systems. The exact parametric representations of four types of traveling wave solutions are obtained.

Self-sustained target waves in excitable media with only a long-range link

In this paper we investigate spatiotemporal pattern formation in excitable media with only a long-range link. Besides the trivial solutions of spiral patterns, we find the asymptotic self-sustained target waves in the autonomous tissues. The wave source supporting this kind of new pattern is the oscillatory one-dimensional Winfree-loop self- organized under the presence of a long-range link, which is explored by the dominant phase-advanced driving method. Based on this understanding we can effectively regulate the oscillations of excitable media by suitably arranging the long-range link, including construction of self-sustained target waves with controllable period and wave length, or manipulation of system states between different patterns.

A tunable comb filter using single-mode/multimode/polarization-maintaining-fiber-based Sagnac fiber loop

A novel tunable comb filter composed of a single-mode/multimode/polarization-maintaining-fiber-based Sagnac fiber loop is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The filter tunability is achieved by rotating the polarization controller. The spectral shift is dependent on rotation direction and the position of the polarization controller. In addition, the adjustable range achieved by rotating the half-wave-plate polarization controller is twice higher than that of the quarter-wave-plate one.

Ku波段环圈慢波结构高功率行波管设计

更高的工作频率和更大的输出功率是当前行波管发展的主要方向。为满足Ku波段行波管日益提升的大功率和高效率发展需求,本文在分析慢波结构参数对色散和互作用阻抗影响的基础上,开展了Ku波段环圈慢波结构高功率行波管研究。研究显示,在12.8 kV和0.4 A的工作条件下,环圈行波管可以提供2672.9 W的峰值输出功率,对应的增益和电子效率分别为51.26 dB和26.10%,瞬时3 dB带宽达到2.5 GHz(14~16.5 GHz)。

基于单极子交叉环收发共用天线设计的高频地波雷达海上比测

为了验证一种使得OSMAR-S高频地波雷达的发射天线和接收天线一体化的天线系统的可行性,于2021年11月25日至12月1日在珠江口内进行雷达观测与声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)现场观测海流时间序列比测实验。结果表明,雷达与ADCP的观测结果具有高度一致性,相关系数达到0.916。通过调和分析等方法得到的主要分潮(M2和K1)振幅大小与随时间变化趋势高度吻合。实验结果证明,在具有占地面积小、成本低以及方便海边架设等优点的基础上,该收发共用天线系统对海流的观测结果有很高的精度。

超声波气体流量计反馈回路的最优算法研究

为了实现气体超声波流量计对数据检测准确及稳定的目的,引入先进的控制优化技术进行了超声波气体流量测量原理、自动控制最优反馈回路算法、去除高频和低频噪声等研究,得出了超声波在顺流和逆流情况下运动时间差来确定模型并计算气体流量结论。根据传播速度差、波束位移、多普勒等方法,在实验中提出了仿真信号波形对比可视化展示和误差对比分析来测试不同工况下的流量,成功解决了气体超声流量计的信号检测问题,有效克服传统流量计的缺陷,提高超声波流量计测量精度,运行稳定可靠,为相关企业在管道内气体检测计量工作提供强大的数据支持体系,取得了良好的效果,对打破国外少数厂家技术垄断,填补气体超声波流量计方面的技术装备空白具有重要意义。

矿用电缆单相接地故障行波特性及测距方法研究

为提高矿用电缆测距准确度,提出一种利用缆芯与屏蔽层间注入行波的故障测距方法。首先,介绍电缆的多层结构并分析了电缆发生接地故障时的过渡电阻分布情况;然后,分析入射脉冲的行波电磁特性,并进行验证;其次,基于入射脉冲的电磁特性分析行波的折反射系数,探究两种不同脉冲注入方式下反射脉冲的幅值特性,提出基于电缆屏蔽层的故障测距方法,并在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台对方法的有效性和正确性进行验证。结果表明,采用缆芯-屏蔽层的行波注入方式测得的反射脉冲幅值更大,反射脉冲识别和故障测距准确性更高。

数字闭环光纤陀螺的无纹波最小拍控制

针对数字闭环光纤陀螺控制系统采样频率抖动引起的输出纹波现象,基于离散控制系统理论建立了四态方波调制下数字闭环光纤陀螺的理论模型。研究了控制系统的稳定条件、稳态误差和频率响应特性,提出了数字闭环光纤陀螺无纹波最小拍控制方案。通过实验与原有控制系统进行对比,结果表明,无纹波最小拍控制有效消除了数字闭环光纤陀螺控制系统中采样频率抖动引起的输出纹波现象,并有效提高了数字闭环光纤陀螺的精度,零偏稳定性提高约30%。

振荡浮子式波浪能发电系统的双闭环稳压控制

为优化一种新型多点直驱式波浪能发电系统的输出稳定性,利用MATLAB对比分析该系统分别应用模糊PID和模糊神经元PID的控制效果,提出二者相结合的双闭环稳压控制器。在不同工况下进行相应的仿真试验,结果表明所述控制系统在抑制转速及电压波动上效果显著,且相较于单一控制器,响应时间更快,发电系统的电能质量和稳定性进一步提高。

基于谐波陷波器改进HMLD的呼吸心跳分离算法

针对毫米波雷达生命体征信号检测存在的呼吸谐波及心跳信号提取精度低的问题,本文提出了基于谐波陷波器改进的谐波倍数循环检测(HMLD)的呼吸心跳分离方法。首先,设计了单通道的毫米波雷达信号采集系统,采集人体胸廓雷达回波信号,并进行相位信号提取、相位解缠、滤波等预处理提取胸廓微动信号;其次,通过HMLD方法提取呼吸基波频率、高次谐波频率,并采用陷波器消除呼吸谐波;最后,根据HMLD方法提取心跳基波频率,提取的心跳频率误差率在11.5%以内,并与变分模态分解算法(VMD)提取结果对比,心跳信号信噪比平均提高了2.66 dB。实验结果表明,基于谐波陷波器改进的HMLD方法能够有效的分离呼吸心跳。